Forms Of Cybercrime Research Articles

Deepfake Pornography: Examining the Impact on Women's Digital Privacy and Consent

Cybercrime is a growing concern in India, particularly for women, due to societal devaluation and inadequate legal recognition of cybercrimes. With the advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have led to various forms of cybercrime, including deepfakes and dark web activities. Currently, India lacks specific legislation to address emerging cybercrimes targeting women. The existing statute, such as the Indian Penal Code of 1860 and the Information Technology Act of 2000, collectively aim to address these issues. This paper explores deepfake cybercrimes, that significantly impact on women's dignity and violate their right to privacy, particularly on social media platforms. The study highlights the inadequacies of current cybersecurity laws in effectively addressing deepfake-related cybercrimes in our technologically advanced society. The study explores the technological underpinnings of deepfake creation, legal frameworks, and potential solutions to mitigate the harms caused by deepfake pornography

Adapting Law Enforcement Strategies: Correlating Traditional Crimes with Emerging Cybercrimes in the Internet Era

With the development of the Internet era, various new forms of cybercrime have frequently appeared, the current study aimed to clarify the correlation between traditional crimes and new cybercrimes, and to make feasible suggestions for law enforcement agencies in adjusting their law enforcement programmers previous research has demonstrated the characteristics of new cybercrime and its various controversies in investigation, legislation and justice. The previous research has demonstrated the characteristics of the new cybercrime and its various controversies in investigation and legislation and justice. The enforcement process of law enforcement agencies is based on these previous controversial exploration programmers, and the governance of new types of cybercrime is much more difficult and controversial. Therefore, it is important to distil the commonalities between the governance model and judicial experience of traditional crime and apply them to new cybercrime.

Features, Analysis Techniques, and Detection Methods of Cryptojacking Malware: A Survey

Various types of malwares are capable of bringing harm to users. The list of types are root exploits, botnets, trojans, spyware, worms, viruses, ransomware, and cryptojacking. Cryptojacking is a significant proportion of cyberattacks in which exploiters mine cryptocurrencies using the victim’s devices, for instance, smartphones, tablets, servers, or computers. It is also defined as the illegal utilization of victim resources (CPU, RAM, and GPU) to mine cryptocurrencies without detection. The purpose of cryptojacking, along with numerous other forms of cybercrime, is monetary gain. Furthermore, it also intended to stay concealed from the victim's viewpoint. Following this crime, to the author's knowledge, a paper focusing solely on a review of cryptojacking research is still unavailable. This paper presents cryptojacking detection information to address this deficiency, including methods, detection, analysis techniques, and features. As cryptojacking malware is a type that executes its activities using the network, most of the analysis and features fall into dynamic activities. However, static analysis is also included in the security researcher’s option. The codes that are involved are opcode and JavaScript. This demonstrates that these two languages are vital programming languages to focus on to detect cryptojacking. Moreover, the researchers also begin to adopt deep learning in their experiments to detect cryptojacking malware. This paper also examines potential future developments in the detection of cryptojacking.

Safeguarding Cyber Ecosystems: Machine Learning and Data Mining Approaches for Proactive Phishing Detection in Websites

Abstract: The prevalence of cyber threats, notably phishing attacks, presents a significant challenge in the digital realm with the increasing reliance on the internet. Phishing, where victims' credentials are illicitly acquired through deceptive websites resembling legitimate ones, is a particularly concerning form of cybercrime. This paper proposes an innovative system utilizing Machine Learning and Data Mining techniques to detect both established and newly generated phishing URLs without historical behavioral data. The system, embodied in a Chrome browser plugin, operates in real-time to provide immediate protection as users browse web pages. A distinctive feature of this system is its capability to identify phishing websites lacking prior behavioral patterns, ensuring adaptability to evolving cyber threats. Through comprehensive training with an extensive dataset, the model powering the plugin aims for high accuracy in detecting phishing attempts. By deploying advanced Machine Learning methodologies, the system discerns subtle patterns and characteristics intrinsic to phishing URLs, effectively distinguishing them from legitimate websites. The ultimate objective is to enhance cyber security by providing users with a robust and proactive tool against the growing sophistication of phishing attacks, thereby contributing to the ongoing efforts to create a secure online environment amidst the dynamic landscape of cyber threats.

Positive Criminal Law Regulations Regarding the Crime of Cyberbullying as a Form of Cyber Crim

This research aims to examine positive criminal law regulations related to criminal acts of cyberbullying as a form of cybercrime in Indonesia. Through a legislative approach, this research analyzes related legal developments in cyberbullying, with a focus on Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (UU ITE) and amendments through Law Number 19 of 2016. The research results show that the ITE Law provides a strong legal basis for dealing with cyberbullying, with heavy sanctions for perpetrators. However, this regulation has also drawn criticism regarding potential restrictions on freedom of speech. Thoughtful law enforcement, education, and awareness of online ethics are important in addressing this problem. Legal changes and a holistic approach are needed to face challenges in the ever-evolving digital era.

The Significant Rise In Cybercrime Can Be Attributed To Vulnerabilities In Cybersecurity

In today's world, our dependence on computers extends to even the most basic daily tasks. As users, we consistently engage with computers for activities such as communication, data sharing, information retrieval, social interactions, and more, all conducted over networks. It is evident that the network connecting various devices globally, including servers, computers, laptops, mobile phones, etc., serves as the fundamental technology facilitating these tasks. However, this interconnected system poses a significant threat in the form of cybercrime. Despite the implementation of cybersecurity measures throughout the network, there exist flaws and obstacles that compromise security, leading to the occurrence of these crimes. One can envision the relationship between cybercrime and cybersecurity as a ratio, with cybercrime holding the higher value. This variable is steadily increasing at a greater rate than cybersecurity, indicating a growing imbalance between the two.

Online hate speech victimization: consequences for victims’ feelings of insecurity

This paper addresses the question whether and to what extent the experience of online hate speech affects victims’ sense of security. Studies on hate crime in general show that such crimes are associated with a significantly higher feeling of insecurity, but there is little evidence concerning feeling of insecurity due to online hate speech. Based on a secondary data analysis of a representative population survey in Lower Saxony, Germany, on the topic of cybercrime in 2020 (N = 4,102), we tested three hypotheses regarding the effect of offline and online hate speech on feelings of insecurity. As a result, compared to non-victims, victims of online hate speech exhibit a more pronounced feeling of insecurity outside the Internet, while victims of other forms of cybercrime do not differ in this regard from non-victims. We found no effect for offline hate speech when relevant control variables were included in the statistical model. Possible reasons for this finding are assumed to lie in the characteristics of the phenomenon of online hate speech, for example, because the hateful content spreads uncontrollably on the Internet and reaches its victims even in protected private spheres.

RISK MANAGEMENT IN IT-BUSINESS

Introduction. The article is devoted to topical issues of analysis, assessment and management of IT-risks in the business environment. The application of appropriate technologies enables companies to identify, assess and minimize risks in the decision-making process. Such technologies may include data analysis, risk modeling, and simulation, as well as risk management strategies. Data analysis can help businesses to identify trends and predict possible risks based on previous data. Risk modelling and simulations can help companies to estimate the possibilities that certain risks will become a reality and what are the consequences. For effective business-risk management, it is also necessary to understand what risks types exist. Risks can be associated with changes in management decisions, financial, personnel and infrastructure risks, etc. An important aspect of risk management is the provision of security-related risks, which are becoming increasingly relevant in the context of growing cyber threats and other forms of cybercrimes. The purpose of the article is to reveal the types, methods of risk research in the IT-business, their management and the justification of ways and measures to prevent and avoid them. Results. The types of IT risks are considered, the activities of successful companies in the IT sphere are studied in order to identify tools for influencing the magnitude of risk. The technologies of analysis, evaluation, management of business risks for systematization and development of measures for their prevention and avoidance are studied. The theoretical and practical significance is manifested in the fact that risk analysis in the management of business processes allows enterprises to avoid negative consequences for business and increase the efficiency of financial and economic activities. The factors influencing risks in business are substantiated, an assessment of potential security threats that may arise in the process of working with IT systems is carried out. Conclusions. The conducted analysis of the activities of successful IT companies shows that reducing the level of risk can be achieved with the help of the introduction of technologies, improvement of the company's products/services, the use of insurance poles, the implementation of financial measures, and other tools. Effective risk management at the enterprise is the key to its successful operation.

Clickbait as a Potential Threat in the Development of Cybercrime in Indonesia

<p><em>This research examines the advancement and extensive diffusion of online news in Indonesia which contains discrepancies between the titles displayed and the content displayed (clickbait), where the content has the potential to contain backlinks that can carry a cybercrime. The purpose of this research is to assess the potential of clickbait in threatening the development of cybercrime in Indonesia, as well as to investigate the best legal regulations for eradicating clickbait in Indonesia. This research uses the normative legal research method followed by the interview method. The outcomes of this research point to the shift in news media from conventional to online making the target of online news journalists not only limited to reporting factual information but also pursuing a target audience of readers by using a clickbait title. The content of clickbait news that clearly does not match the title can deceive Indonesians, especially if accompanied by backlinks that actually spread many forms of cybercrime. In addition, it was found that there are no regulations in Indonesia that prohibit the dissemination of online news with clickbait, be it in the Press Law, ITE Law, Journalistic Code of Ethics, Cyber Media Reporting Guidelines, and the Criminal Code, which can be overcome by revising the ITE Law by adding related prohibitions in Article 28.</em></p>

Sosialisasi Child Grooming : Cyber Crime yang Mengintai Anak-Anak di Era Digital

Indonesia is in second place in cyber crime cases in the world. According to Komnas Perempuan’s record, in 2022, online gender-based violence (KBGO) cases occupy the highest position in complains to Komnas Perempuan in the public domain, covering 69% of the total cases. Riau, as one of the provinces in Indonesia, is also not immune to cases of sexual crimes in cyber space. A number of online media reported that Riau experienced an increase in cases of violence against children and women in 2021, this was an increase of 40 cases compared to 2020 . One of the reasons is the lack of parental knowledge of sexual crimes. In addition, the public’s view of sex is still considered very taboo. With current technological developments, it is analogous to an “open gate” that everything can be easily accessed and all forms of cyber crime will easily stalk children, including child grooming. The purpose of this community service is to socialize to the community regarding the dangers of child grooming and provid solutions on how to overcome them. This community service will involve one partner, namely the Raudathul Athfal Alkausar school, Sialang Sakti Village, Dayun District, Siak Regency. The solution offered in this service is to provide counseling related to one type of sexual crime in the digital era called Grooming to both teachers and parents. One of the successes in this service can be seen from the understanding obtained by the teachers and also the guardians of the students. The output targets of this service will later be published in the nationally accredited journal and local electronic mass media.

Definition of the Presumption Rule of "Knowledge" in the Crimes of Assisting in Information Network-Related Criminal Activities

The continuous development of network technology has profoundly transformed the daily production and lives of human beings. However, it has also given rise to numerous new forms of cybercrime, leading to the proliferation of certain cybercrimes. Assisting information network criminal activities constitute a crucial aspect of cybercrime. In 2015, the promulgated Criminal Law Amendment (IX) listed it as an independent offense. However, due to the problem of unclear judicial interpretation, the crime has been in a state of cold storage for a long time until 2019, when the Supreme Peoples Court and the Supreme Peoples Procuratorate promulgated the Interpretation of a Number of Issues Concerning the Application of Law to the Handling of Criminal Cases of Illegal Utilization of Information Networks and Helping Criminal Activities on Information Networks and Other Criminal Cases the crime has gradually begun to be applied in large quantities. In recent years, the crimes of assisting in information network-related criminal activities has been on the rise, but there have been numerous objections and lack of consensus regarding the determination of subjective knowledge in judicial practice and the theoretical community. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the presumption rule of knowledge to provide guidance for judicial practice.

Cyber Crime From Social Media Against Acts Of Terrorism In Papua

On various social media platforms, including Instagram in Indonesia, hate speech is often found. This phenomenon can lead to various online criminal acts or Cyber Crime, such as harassment, stalking, doxxing, and solicitation of violence. Armed Criminal Groups (KKB) also use the internet and social media as part of their struggle, so this form of cyber crime can be at risk of developing into cyber warfare. Regulation of the Chief of National Police No: SE/6/X/2015 states that hate speech includes insults, defamation, blasphemy, provocation, incitement, or the spread of fake news. Social media is also a source of news about hoaxes and racial discrimination against Papuans and non-Papuans. This can be used by the KKB to spread hoaxes and justify the acts of violence they committed against indigenous Papuans (OAP) and non-Papuans who were victims in the conflict.

First Steps to Improve Cybersecurity Behaviour – a Virtual Reality Experience

Internet is completely integrated and absorbed in our life. Facilitating transfer of files across the world or wiring money from the couch, we could not imagine a world without it anymore. With these benefits, as with any new technology, there is also the introduction of risks and threats, for internet primarily in the form of cybercrime and online fraud. To reduce victimisation of this cybercrime, interventions are used to teach people to not perform risky behaviour. To overcome criticisms of current training materials, such as being tedious and boring, we created an Immersive Virtual Reality experience. By using a 4-step design process (i.e. ideation, specification, realisation, and evaluation), we designed a playful VR environment with simplistic non player characters to train the user to perform basic cybersecurity tasks in the right way. In the simulation, the participants are exposed to the challenge of creating a new password and a potential ransomware attack using USB storage device. The program allows for monitoring the user’s cybersecurity knowledge and behaviour and provides feedback. An evaluation of the VR environment among 16 respondents using a pretest-posttest evaluation with the Human Aspect Information Security Questionnaire (HAIS-Q) showed a statistically significant increase in scores after exposure to the VR environment. The system showed an above average SUS score. These initial findings indicate that a VR environment can be an alternative to consider for future development of cybersecurity interventions. Future research could expand our social VR environment with additional cybersecurity challenges, real-time actors, and running simulations among a broader audience to also investigate the retention of knowledge and skills.

The Espouse of Women in the Online Romance Fraud World: Role of Sociocultural Experiences and Digital Technologies

ABSTRACT Online romance fraud is a form of cybercrime that has pervasive consequence on both individuals and organizations. As against previous studies that predominantly focus on male scammers, this study examines the influence of sociocultural experiences and technological modalities on women’s involvement in online romance fraud in Tamale, Ghana. The study employs a blend of feminist criminology and Cressey’s Fraud Triangle Theory to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the engagement of women in the scamming phenomenon in this region. Employing the experiences of fifteen (15) female scammers, the results show that sociocultural backgrounds of female scammers, combined with the internet’s inherent opportunities, play a pivotal role in determining the engagement. The sociocultural background of women, coupled with the technological nature of the act, plays a significant role in driving their engagement in these illicit activities: motivation to offend and opportunity through social relationships. This study emphasizes how technological pathways enhance the opportunities available to women, highlighting the ways in which the digital landscape of such frauds potentially allows women to evade legal and societal repercussions. In conclusion, this study highlights the need for a comprehensive approach that considers both the technological aspects and the underlying societal constructs that facilitate them.

Understanding Cybersecurity Behavior in the Banking Industry Using Protection Motivation Theory

The widespread adoption of digital technology has brought about significant transformations in various industries, including banking, where internet-based applications are used extensively for customer transactions. However, along with these advancements, there has been a parallel increase in cybercrime incidents, posing serious challenges for individuals and organizations. In Indonesia, this issue is particularly pronounced, with the country ranking as the eighth globally and the highest in Southeast Asia for the number of data breaches in 2022 (Dihni, 2022). Among the various forms of cybercrime, online fraud, such as phishing scams targeting banking customers, has become increasingly prevalent, leading to substantial financial losses (CNN Indonesia, 2022). In response to this alarming trend, regulatory bodies in Indonesia, including the Financial Services Authority and the Indonesian Central Bank, have devised a roadmap to strengthen IT security systems and mitigate cyber risks in the banking sector. While measures have been implemented to counter cybercrime risks, the perception of users regarding these threats often goes unnoticed. Previous research has primarily focused on individual awareness of cybercrime threats, overlooking the influence of perceived knowledge and protection habits on cybersecurity behavior (Shappie et al., 2019; Kimpe et al., 2021; Zwilling et al., 2022). Keywords: Cybersecurity behaviour, Mobile banking, Perceived knowledge, Protection habit, Protection Motivation Theory (PMT)

Analisis Perbandingan Kinerja Root Explorer Dan Oxygen Forensic Detective Pada Forensic Digital

Rapid information and communication technology has a positive impact in the form of speed and ease of obtaining information and data by using an Android-based smartphone. But, on the other hand, it also has a negative impact in the form of cybercrime. This study aims to raise evidence of digital data and information in identifying pornographic crime cases using the Tantan app. The forensics analysis process in this study uses the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) method and 1 forensic tool, namely Oxygen Forensics Detective. The research scenario is the occurrence of pornography crimes. The research scenario is the occurrence of pornography crimes. This research succeeded in finding evidence in the form of photographs, videos, music, contacts, and chats. Testing using the Oxygen Forensic Detective tool, where the data taken on the Android pad uses the help of the Root Explorer application

An approach to cybercrime issues in Dandume Local Government Area of Katsina State, Nigeria

This study investigated cybercrime issues in Dandume Local Government Area of Katsina State. The study aimed to understand the various types of cybercrimes that the community faces and the resulting impacts, particularly educational and psychological effects on the victims. Additionally, the study discussed the main causes of these crimes, particularly among young people. To achieve these aims, the study collected data from 115 residents of Dandume using a structured questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using statistical tables. The results showed that cybercrime is prevalent in the Dandume community, with many of the participants reporting that they had experienced one form of cybercrime or the other. The most common types of cybercrime reported by the participants were yahoo attack, social media hijacking, credit card threat, government offer scam, and airtime scam. Furthermore, the study revealed that many of the participants were not aware of the various ways they could protect themselves from cybercrime. Furthermore, the study highlighted the effects of these crimes on the victims and discussed the main causes of cybercrimes among users of internet in the area. The paper made some recommendations for minimizing the challenges of cybercrime in Nigeria. The study underscored the importance of community education and awareness-raising on the dangers of cybercrime and suggests the need for increased efforts to implement security measures to protect residents from cybercriminals.

Law Enforcement Problems Against Cyber Crime Performed Through Phishing Method

Background. Technology can be said to be a "double-edged sword" because it is developing very rapidly, many people use it to make life easier, but behind that the speed of technology is used as a tool to commit crimes and create new problems in the form of cyber crime, namely phishing. Purpose. The purpose of this research is to find out how law enforcement against cybercrime cases committed through the phishing method. The method used applies a qualitative method that focuses on looking at social phenomena that occur in society. Method. The method used applies a qualitative method that focuses on looking at social phenomena that occur in society. Results. The results showed that the Justice System has a major influence in the process of upholding law and justice starting from the Police level, the Prosecutor's Office to the Court Decision, besides that the ability of law enforcers to eradicate cybercrime is still limited in several ways such as, facilities and facilities, lack of expertise of law enforcement officials in handling cyber crackers, lack of police access to the latest information technology, and lack of public awareness and knowledge which will result in many obstacles. Conclusion. The point is that the legal framework in the field of technology must be able to keep up with the rapid advancement of technology, although there are already laws governing these crimes, they need to be updated to reflect the progress of increasingly modern times and the variety of cyber crimes that may occur in the future.

The Criminal Law Policy against Carding's Crimes as a Form of Cyber Crime

As technology progresses, there are many facilities available online. Developing this technology can also provide opportunities for perpetrators of crime especially crimes in cyberspace. Cybercrime is a new form or dimension to a crime that is currently receiving much attention from the international community. Among the types of cyber crimes referred to is carding's evil use of Internet technology asa tool for illegal logging systems on websites to obtain information on credit CARDS for customers. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the arrangements regarding carding's criminal actions in Indonesia at present, as well as criminal law policies against carding's criminal actions within Indonesia's positive laws. This study was a normative- yuriy study type. Studies show that delic-delik and the classifications governing carding felonies in Indonesia are not strictly and explicitly regulating carding's crimes, So law enforcement law enforcement is based only on chapters 31 and 32 of 2016's number 19 legislation that regulates only a fraction of the many crimes of carding and in many cases law enforcement must use an interpretation or appropriate a few of the chapters in a cell phone that some consider to be irrelevant as chapters 263 and 378 under the law. Therefore, it will require future criminal renewal of carding's criminal actions in Indonesian positive laws

Human Security Identification in Maqoshid Sharia Concept as Implementation in Debt Trap of Digital Finance

The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between phenomenon of digital finance, with the study of human security in Islamic concept. Today, cyber crime is one of the phenomena which were the result of globalization. One form of cyber crime is misusing personal data that can be accessed online illegally, for instance through the application of loan applications, digital shopping, or digital wallet. Then, this phenomenon will be analyzed through the study of human security in the science of international relations. The limitation of study focuses on the study of human security, namely personal security and economic security to analyze the phenomenon of people involved in cases of misused personal data through digital financial applications. This study concluded that the awareness of digital financial literacy will greatly help reduce economic inequality between communities which in Islam is studied in the Maqoshid Syariah law, namely Hifdz al Maal. One of the challenges faced by the community is the lack of socialization and important information about the dangers that threaten digital finance. The research used mix method approach with secondary and primary data. The primary data from questionnaire from 61 sample over 17 years old, then delivered in statistic descriptive to see the fact for real, while the secondary data obtained from journals, books, and articles. The analyses is used to determine the correlation between digital financial phenomena in the Maqosid Sharia Concept.