Forms Of Cybercrime Research Articles

A mesterségesintelligencia-kutatás eredményei a kriminalisztika néhány vonatkozásában

A szerző bemutatja, hogy a kiberbűnözés új formáinak megjelenését miként okozza a mesterségesen létrehozott kognitív entitás, a szűk tudás alapú mesterséges intelligencia penetráció. Ezzel a technológiai ugrással a kiberbűnözés kvalitatív változássá alakul, ami egy korábban még nem hallott fenyegetést jelentett.

PENJATUHAN SANKSI PIDANA TERHADAP PENYEBARAN KONTEN VIDEO PORNO MENGENAI PENCABULAN ANAK DI BAWAH UMUR MELALUI CYBER / DUNIA MAYA

The unlimited use of Information Technology (IT), has made cybercrime accessible by both adults and minors. Technology can be very useful for daily needs, yet on the other hand, it also can be abused by certain parties including minors (underaged children). The purpose of this study is to examine law enforcement of cybercrime in Indonesia as well as forms of cybercrime that are able to be performed by underaged children. The method used by the author for this journal is normative legal research method. In this case of cybercrime committed by children under age, law enforcement should involves competent authorities such as psychologists, social supervisor, or other experts so no one makes wrong or bad decision for the children. After the proccess, parents of children that involved, should be required to closely supervise their children usage of IT.

Opportunity and Self-Control: Do they Predict Multiple Forms of Online Victimization?

This study investigates the predictors of four types of cybercrime victimization/experiences: online harassment, hacking, identity theft, and receiving nude photos or explicit content. The effects of victimization opportunity and low self-control are examined as the primary independent variables in logistic regression analyses of data collected from a large sample of undergraduates enrolled at two universities in the United States. Results suggest that opportunity is positively related to each of the four types of online victimization, and that low self-control is associated with person-based, but not computer-based, forms of cybercrime. These findings speak to the utility, and also the limitations, of these perspectives in understanding cybercrime victimization risk among college students, and to the potentially criminogenic nature of the Internet.

Legal Issues Related to Combating Cybercrime: Experience of the Republic of Kazakhstan

This paper deals with the legal issues related to combating cybercrime in the global information and communication networks through comparative analysis of relevant legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and Western European countries. The purpose of this research is to identify the specific features of present cybercrime, to develop a conceptual framework, to specify new forms of cybercrime and to find the main directions in combating cybercrime. The research methodology was based on dialectical, comparative legal, sociological, system-structural and statistical methods, as well as on social experiment. The study gave the possibility to disclose specific features of cybercrime, provided a universal definition of cybercrime, which can be used in international conventions as well as in international criminal investigation. The study highlighted two new types of cybercrime - cyber-terrorism and identity theft with the view of committing crimes, which could be included in the Convention on Cybercrime. The authors of this study developed a universal conceptual framework that can be used in international legal instruments and international cooperation in combating cybercrime and formed a unified approach to address some legal issues related to cybercrime in the global information and communication networks.

Bitcoin money laundering: mixed results?

PurposeThis paper aims to shed light into money laundering using bitcoin. Digital payment methods are increasingly used by criminals to launder money obtained through cybercrime. As many forms of cybercrime are motivated by profit, a solid cash-out strategy is required to ensure that crime proceeds end up with the criminals themselves without an incriminating money trail. The authors examine how cybercrime proceeds can be laundered using services that are offered on the Dark Web.Design/methodology/approachFocusing on service-percentages and reputation-mechanisms in underground bitcoin laundering services, this paper presents the results of a cash-out experiment in which five mixing and five exchange services are included.FindingsSome of the examined services provide an excellent, professional and well-reviewed service at competitive cost. Whereas others turned out to be scams, accepting bitcoin but returning nothing in return.Practical implicationsThe authors discuss what these findings mean to law enforcement, and how bitcoin laundering chains could be disrupted.Originality/valueThese cash-out strategies are increasingly facilitated by cryptocurrencies, mainly bitcoin. Bitcoins are already relatively anonymous, but with the rise of specialised bitcoin money laundering services on the Dark Web, laundering money in the form of bitcoins becomes available to a wider audience.

You’ve got mail! Explaining individual differences in becoming a phishing target

Although phishing is a form of cybercrime that internet users get confronted with rather frequently, many people still get deceived by these practices. Since receiving phishing e-mails is an important prerequisite of victimization, this study focusses on becoming a phishing target. More precisely, we use an integrative lifestyle exposure model to study the effects of risky online routine activities that make a target more likely to come across a motivated offender. Insights of the lifestyle exposure model are combined with propensity theories in order to determine which role impulsivity plays in phishing targeting. To achieve these objectives, data collected in 2016 from a representative sample (n = 723) were used. Support was found for a relationship between both online purchasing behavior and digital copying behavior, and phishing targeting. Moreover, a relationship was found between all online activities (except for online purchasing behavior) and impulsivity. The present study thus suggests that especially online shoppers and users who often share and use copied files online should be trained to deal with phishing attacks appropriately.

KEBIJAKAN KRIMINAL TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA INTIMIDASI DI INTERNET (CYBERBULLYING) SEBAGAI KEJAHATAN MAYANTARA (CYBERCRIME)

The crime of cyber crime is one of the greatest crimes that occurred during this century. The manifestations of this crime vary depending on the development of information and technology, one of which is cyber bullying. Intimidation to victims through cyber is done indirectly. Government policy in minimizing the crime of intimidation through social networking, internet and other electronic media is regulated in Law no. 11 Year 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions. In addition to special regulations in the law, the government also accommodates the provisions of cyber crime in the Draft Penal Code. On the basis of the issues examined in the regulation of positive criminal law on cyber bullying as one form of cybercrime. And, criminal policy in Indonesia as an effort to overcome cyber bullying crime in the future.

Internet prevara kao oblik kompjuterskog kriminaliteta

The development of the Internet has contributed to a faster and easier transfer and greater availability of information. Unfortunately, an increasing number of Internet users and services have also resulted in the increase of various cyber crimes. Fraud is one of the most common and prominent property-related crimes committed on the Internet. In this paper, the author presents and discusses the basic criminological and criminal law characteristics of Internet fraud as a form of cyber crime. Focusing on the criminal regulation of the Republic of Serbia, the author discusses the similarities and differences between the traditional criminal offense of fraud and the computer fraud that can be committed on the Internet. In illustration, the author elaborates on the emergence and modus operandi of the fraudulent scheme known as the 'Nigerian Scam' (advance-fee fraud), considering that many Serbian citizens fell victim to this type of fraud. The author underscores the importance of primary prevention aimed at combating Internet fraud and provides advice how to preclude victimization and thus contribute to reducing the prevalence of the cyber crime.

Formulating specialised Legislation to address the Growing Spectre of Cybercrime: A Comparative Study

The article looks at cyber legislation formulated to address cybercrime in the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Australia, India, the Gulf States and South Africa. The study reveals that the inability of national laws to address the challenges posed by cybercrime has led to the introduction of specialised cyber legislation. It is advocated that countries should amend their procedural laws to include intangible evidence of cybercrime, as opposed to tangible evidence of traditional crimes. It is possible that new forms of cybercrime will often emerge with evolving technology; therefore new cyber laws should be introduced to respond to these rapid changes. There should also be continuous research and training of IT security personnel, financial services sector personnel, police officers, prosecutors and the judiciary to keep them abreast of the evolving technology. International co-operation between countries is also required to address the global nature of cybercrime. To this end countries such as South Africa should ratify the Council of Europe’s Convention on Cybercrime (COECC) to serve as a deterrent against international cybercrime. A balanced approach that considers the protection of fundamental human rights and the need for the effective prosecution of cybercrime has been mooted as the way forward.

Fake profile detection techniques in large-scale online social networks: A comprehensive review

In the present era, online social networks are the most popular and rapid information propagation applications on the Internet. People of all ages spend most of their time on social networking sites. Huge volumes of data are being created and shared through social networks around the world. These interests have given rise to illegitimate users who engage in fraudulent activities against social network users. On social networks, fake profile creation is considered to cause more harm than any other form of cyber crime. This crime has to be detected even before the user is notified about the fake profile creation. Many algorithms and methods, most of which use the huge volume of unstructured data generated from social networks, have been proposed for the detection of fake profiles. This study presents a survey of the existing and latest technical work on fake profile detection.

Counter Measures Criminal Act Of Narcotics

Narcotics crimes that are part of organized crime are essentially one of crimes against development and crimes against social welfare that are central to national and international concerns and concerns. It is very reasonable, given the scope and dimensions so vast, that its activities contain features as organized crime, white-collar crime, corporate crime, and transnational crime. In fact, by means of technology can be one form of cyber crime. Based on such characteristics, the impacts and casualties are also very wide for the development and welfare of the community. It can even weaken national resilience.

Fraud Resilient Device Offline Micro-Payments using Bit-Exchange Algorithms

Credit and debit card data theft is one of the earliest forms of cybercrime. It is one of the most common problems now days. Attackers often aim at stealing such customer data by targeting the Point of Sale system, i.e. the point at which a retailer first acquires customer data. Modern Point of Sale systems are powerful computers equipped with a card reader and running specialized software. Increasingly often, user devices are leveraged as input to the Point of Sale. In these scenarios, malware that can steal card data as soon as they are read by the device has flourished. As such, in cases where customer and vendor are persistently or intermittently disconnected from the network, no secure on-line payment is possible. A secure online micro-payment solution that is resilient to Point of Sale data breaches. Our solution improves over up to date approaches in terms of flexibility and security. To the best of our knowledge, FRODO is the first solution that can provide secure fully on line payments while being resilient to all currently known POS breaches. In particular we detail FRODO architecture, components, and protocols. Further, a thorough analysis of FRODO functional and security properties is provided, showing its effectiveness and strong.

Counter Measures Criminal Act Of Narcotics

Narcotics crimes that are part of organized crime are essentially one of crimes against development and crimes against social welfare that are central to national and international concerns and concerns. It is very reasonable, given the scope and dimensions so vast, that its activities contain features as organized crime, white-collar crime, corporate crime, and transnational crime. In fact, by means of technology can be one form of cyber crime. Based on such characteristics, the impacts and casualties are also very wide for the development and welfare of the community. It can even weaken national resilience.

French enterprises are cybercrime victims

The threat of proliferation of new types of crime - cybercrime - has increased nowadays. According to statistics, the French companies are most susceptible to virtual attacks that interferes with their normal functioning and enjoyment of activity. This article makes an attempt to analyze the causes, types and forms of cyber-crimes, some possible and most effective methods to combat virtual crime at the national and international levels.

Women's Involvement in Cybercrime: A Premilinary Study

Cyber crimes is a new millennium threat to society nowadays which brings by developments of technology and information. Various forms of cyber crimes exist either theft and fraud involving money and property or safety threat involving contamination of dignity. Therefore, this study will identify cyber crimes related to women in Malaysia for cases of theft and fraud of money and property through cyberspace. Cyber crimes will be identified and classified according to cases that often occurred in Malaysia and legal protection provided to the victim. The results showed lack of awareness about cyber security transactions and the provision of existing law that exists for cyber crime cause women to be victims of cyber crime.

A consideration of the social impact of cybercrime: examples from hacking, piracy, and child abuse material online

Contemporary news headlines seem to play regular host to treatments of one form of cybercrime or another, whether it be fraud, hacking, malware, piracy or child abuse material online. In this paper, the meaning of that term is unpacked, social impact is considered and possible future developments are discussed. Given the pervasive and profound influence of the Internet, it is important to acknowledge that in terms of criminology, what happens online can impact on the real world and vice versa. Consequently, real-world and cyber social impacts in relation to cybercrime will be examined.

A Review of Information Technology Act, 2000

The new boon brought by information technology has brought its scar in the form of cybercrime, moreover the new business environment required new regulations for its legal endorsement as more and more business communities are moving towards electronic commerce and transborder contracts. To address this issue the United Nation through its core agency, United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) had formulated a model legislation on electronic commerce. The Information Technology Act 2000 is the prime legislation dealing with cyber offenses and electronic commerce in India which is based on the United Nations Model Law on Electronic Commerce adopted by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL).The Information Technology Act 2000 is applicable to the whole of India, including any offense committed outside India, if such contravention involves a computer, computer system or computer network located in India. India with the adoption of the Information Technology Act, 2000 has entered the coveted world of the few countries that have separate law to deal with information technology issues. This has paved way for the growth of e-commerce and e-transaction, thereby advancing economic growth and a new era of e-governance has come into existence which helps in bringing transparency, efficiency and accountability in governance.

English

Application of information and communication technology (ICT) is exponentially growing in Supply Chain Management (SCM) for increasing productivity and profitability in business. This growth of Information Technology in SCM has changed the paper based environment to Virtual Supply Chain, which is also generating electronic risks (e-risks) in form of cybercrime or fraud. Although, reducing the e-risks from huge data generated in day to day operation of supply chain networks is a big challenge for decision makers, auditors, detecting and investigating agencies. We know that technology is always a double-edged sword which can be reciprocally used for prevention of e- risks in SCM. The purpose of these empirical studies is to discuss the IT application and trend to curb the supply chain’s e-risks. Key words: e-risk, information technology (IT), supply chain management (SCM)

Organized Crime and National Security

While much of cybercrime is committed by individuals acting alone, a significant amount is accomplished by offenders acting in concert. These groups have tended to vary significantly in terms of their structures, their goals, the criminal activities in which they engage, and their organizational life courses. The nature of these collectivities, and the question of whether cybercrime constitutes a threat, are the subjects of this essay. The answer will depend on one’s definitions of national security and organized cybercrime. Each of these concepts is problematic; the meaning of has been stretched significantly in recent years, while conceptions of crime (terrestrial or in cyberspace) have been overly narrow. The essay concludes that some forms of cybercrime can indeed threaten security, both in a more conventional sense and in ways previously overlooked.

Routine Activity Theory and Cybercrime: What about Offender Resources?

Certain widespread forms of cybercrime are believed to be prevalent due to the availability of easy to use 'pre-packaged' software programs designed and intended to be used for disingenuous purposes. Accounts of crime tools being used in cases of online fraud, computer intrusions and data theft are becoming more common. These relatively accessible tools in the bag, quintessential resources used by offenders, function as a crime catalyst making it easier for individuals to engage in crime, likely enticing new offenders and escalating risk on the Internet.