Conditions Information Research Articles

The Role of Valence Matching in the Truth-by-Repetition Effect

People judge repeated information as truer than new information, a “truth-by-repetition” effect. Because repetition increases processing fluency, which is assumed to elicit positive affect, participants may match their positive experience associated with repeated information with a positive (“true”) rather than negative (“false”) response. We tested this valence-matching hypothesis in a preregistered experiment by manipulating the affective congruency of the response format. Specifically, in the congruent condition, participants had to select a positive (negative) picture to respond “true” (“false”). In the incongruent condition, we reversed these associations. In line with the valence matching hypothesis, the truth-by-repetition effect was larger in the congruent than incongruent condition. However, the effect was small, and Bayesian analyses were inconclusive. In addition, the truth-by-repetition effect was significant in both response format conditions. The results suggest a possible contribution of a valence matching process to the truth-by-repetition effect, but one that does not challenge extant models.

A GTFS data acquisition and processing framework and its application to train delay prediction

With advanced artificial intelligence and deep learning techniques, a growing number of data sources are playing more and more critical roles in planning and operating transportation services. The General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS), with standard open-source data in both static and real-time formats, is being widely used in public transport planning and operation management. However, compared to other extensively studied data sources such as smart card data and GPS trajectory data, the GTFS data lacks proper investigation yet. Utilization of the GTFS data is challenging for both transport planners and researchers due to its difficulty and complexity of understanding, processing, and leveraging the raw data. In this paper, a GTFS data acquisition and processing framework is proposed to offer an efficient and effective benchmark tool for converting and fusing the GTFS data to a ready-to-use format. To validate and test the proposed framework, a multivariate multistep Long Short-Term Memory is developed to predict train delay with minor anomaly in Sydney as a case study. The contribution of this new framework will render great potential for broader applications and deeper research.

Broadband physical layer cognitive radio with an integrated photonic processor for blind source separation

The expansion of telecommunications incurs increasingly severe crosstalk and interference, and a physical layer cognitive method, called blind source separation (BSS), can effectively address these issues. BSS requires minimal prior knowledge to recover signals from their mixtures, agnostic to the carrier frequency, signal format, and channel conditions. However, previous electronic implementations did not fulfil this versatility due to the inherently narrow bandwidth of radio-frequency (RF) components, the high energy consumption of digital signal processors (DSP), and their shared weaknesses of low scalability. Here, we report a photonic BSS approach that inherits the advantages of optical devices and fully fulfils its “blindness” aspect. Using a microring weight bank integrated on a photonic chip, we demonstrate energy-efficient, wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) scalable BSS across 19.2 GHz processing bandwidth. Our system also has a high (9-bit) resolution for signal demixing thanks to a recently developed dithering control method, resulting in higher signal-to-interference ratios (SIR) even for ill-conditioned mixtures.

The Influence Of Rock Mineralogy On Groundwater In The Kampungbaru Formation,Coal Mining Area, Anggana And Surrounding Area, District. Kutai Kartanegara

Coal mining activities using the open pit mining system method will have impacts, both positive and negative impacts, positive impacts will cause changes in improving socio-economic life, while negative impacts will affect changes in hydrogeological conditions and environmental changes such as increasing soil/rock acidity so that it will cause water contaminated. This condition has an impact on decreasing the quality and quantity of groundwater as a source of clean water. The purpose of this study was to determine the hydrogeological conditions around the study site, and the influence of rock mineralogy as a potential source of groundwater contamination, especially in the Kampungbaru Formation. The methods used to obtain data such as; pumping test, rock mineralogy analysis (knowing the characteristics) by conducting studies; petrography, microscopic analysis of ore, XRD analysis, XRF analysis and analysis of the potential of acid mine water, while knowing the chemical characterization of water by analyzing the concentration of anion cations, and classifying water classes. Knowing the characterization of rock mineralogy and water chemistry, the level/value of potential groundwater contamination in the study area will be known. The hope of this research is to know and understand the characteristics of mineralogy of rocks and groundwater chemistry, as well as hydrogeological conditions in Kampungbaru Formation, so that groundwater contamination can be known. Specific benefits of the research, which is to explore more detail hydrogeology of the mine and surrounding areas, to understand the characteristics of rock mineralogy and the characteristics of groundwater chemistry, and to know the source of groundwater contamination of the research area. Practical benefits can provide information to the public and government about the potential of good quality groundwater around the research area and know the groundwater location of good quality. The results of hydrogeological studies, study of mineralogy characterization and groundwater chemistry will be obtained conclusion such as: 1) Characteristics of aquifer in Kampungbaru Formation included in the category of productive aquifers. 2) Mineralogy of rocks affect the chemical concentration .. 3) Kampungbaru Formation has the content of metal mineral elements and water chemical concentrations that contain many sulphide compounds as acid mine formers. Stratigraphy of the study area is included in the Kampungbaru Formation and is part of the Kutai Basin (Kutai Basin). Lithology The Kampungbaru Formation consists of a rocky outcrop with sandstone with coal insertions and sandstone units.
 
 Keywords: Hydrogeology, characteristics of mineralogy and groundwater chemistry, contamination

Misbehavior in Common Value Auctions: Bidding Rings and Shills

We characterize the optimal misbehavior by bidding rings or an auctioneer in the ascending English auction with common values. We also show, in an extended game, that in equilibrium potential members join and truthfully reveal their signals. Under a separability assumption, behavior does not change if nonring bidders are informed about the ring’s existence. In general, misbehavior in dynamic settings is more profitable than in outcome-equivalent static settings. However, under a stronger separability assumption, the ring can do no better in the dynamic English format than in the outcome-equivalent, static Sophi format. (JEL D44, D82)

Visualization and metacognitive scaffolding in learning from animations

In two successive experiments, we compared a static and dynamic visualization format with respect to learning success. We provided metacognitive scaffolding in the form of cognitive and metacognitive prompts during the learning sequence. As covariates, learners’ domain-specific ability self-concept as well as prior knowledge and metacognitive learning strategies were assessed. Results suggest here that static visualization of transitions are superior to dynamic visualization of animations in the science classroom. In addition, metacognitive scaffolding might be helpful in complex and long-term learning environments, but not in short time and mostly linear learning sequences.

The problem of irreversibility

The problem of irreversibility was raised in the second half of the 19th century in thermodynamics and, a few years later, in evolutionary biology. In the 1970s, economists accounted for the problem of irreversibility in the context of human-driven ecological change. Social theory missed the problem – with regard to social reality it did not receive any attention. This paper seeks to fill the gap. In order to do so irreversibility has to be redefined. In physics and life sciences it is conceived as a property of a process. In this paper, irreversibility is defined as a social situation wherein one reality is bound to disappear without any chance of recovery and another reality to emerge in its stead. Social situations of irreversibility are further classified into anoetic, rational, and ethical with each type discussed separately. The concluding section addresses formative conditions of respective situations of irreversibility, types of experience, and limitations of descriptive language.

Co-creation experience in travel photography service: exploring the formative mechanism of repurchase intention from the perspective of script theory

ABSTRACT This research aims to clarify the core attributes of travel photography service, and how it may be possible to cultivate tourist loyalty to this service when travelling to the next destination. A mixed method with two studies was conducted to answer these questions. Study 1 adopted semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis to identify the key variables and their potential relations. The results showed that co-creation experience in travel photography was mainly composed of sense seeking, multi-actor interaction, and active participation, which played an extremely important role in tourists’ cognitive memory, service outcome evaluation, and future travel decision-making. To further verify the relationship between variables, study 2 used a survey to explore the formative mechanism and boundary conditions of the co-creation experience on tourist repurchase intention. The results indicated the co-creation experience was positively associated with repurchase intention. Memory recollection and photo satisfaction both mediated this relationship. Inertia positively moderated the relationships between co-creation experience, memory recollection and photo satisfaction on repurchase intention. These effects were stronger when individual inertia was high. This study also provides practical insights into how it may be possible to cultivate travel service loyalty in destination marketing.

The importance of production specifications in the process of efficient use of land resources of agricultural enterprises

The modern economy is undergoing significant structural changes, which entail an in-depth study of certain processes in the branches of the economy. Historically, the agricultural sector, which plays a decisive role in the economy of the region and the country as a whole, is the most relevant and requires a special approach due to its economic specificity. Currently, effective use of land resources, identification of problems of their implementation, development of key directions and implementation of measures to increase the efficiency of economic use of land fund play an important role in strengthening the country's economy, and is also of great importance for increasing the volume of agricultural products. Land, as one of the main factors of production, is crucial for the efficiency of the branches of the agro-industrial complex, since food security and the improvement of the quality of life of the population due to sufficient food supply depend on its rational use and maximum involvement in the agricultural cycle, ensuring high-quality and safe food products, sustainable development and modernization of agriculture, development of breeding livestock, plant selection, prevention of reduction of agricultural land areas, rational use of such lands. The issue of increasing the efficiency of land resource use has always been relevant, since land is the basis of agricultural production. Land resources, on the use of which a significant volume of food and the fund of consumer goods are formed, are the primary factor of production, and occupy the largest specific weight in the structure of the resource potential of agricultural enterprises. Therefore, increasing the efficiency of the use of land resources will contribute to the increase in the efficiency of the use of the entire resource potential. Effective use of agricultural land, in the conditions of organizational agricultural formations and their production specifics, is of strategic importance for the production of agro-industrial products for the consumer. Keywords: agriculture, land resources, agricultural land, crop production, livestock production, land use efficiency.

How digital devices transform literary reading: The impact of e-books, audiobooks and online life on reading habits

Literary reading is under transformation. Digital devices supplement traditional paper books with e-books and audiobooks, and at the same time, ubiquitous digital connection challenges focused reading. Based on a qualitative interview study with adult leisure readers, this article explores how affordances offered by digital technologies influence reading habits. Informants demonstrate how e-books and audiobooks enhance reading experiences, as digital affordances influence the how and the when of literary consumption. Three prominent findings are stated. (1) Readers adapt reading mode to the situation, and experienced readers have developed strategies to maximise the ultimate combination of title, format and reading conditions. (2) Digital reading favours lighter texts. This dimension is more substantial for audiobooks, relating to the wide choice of combining audiobooks with other activities. (3) Being devoted readers motivates people to develop strategies to ensure further reading. These strategies effectively make readers practically and temporally disconnect to immerse in literature.

Esports and Visual Attention: Evaluating In-Game Advertising through Eye-Tracking during the Game Viewing Experience.

In recent years, technological advances and the introduction of social streaming platforms (e.g., Twitch) have contributed to an increase in the popularity of esports, a highly profitable industry with millions of active users. In this context, there is little evidence, if any, on how users perceive in-game advertising (IGA) and other key elements of the game viewing experience (e.g., facecam and chat) in terms of visual attention. The present eye-tracking study aimed at investigating those aspects, and introducing an eye-tracking research protocol specifically designed to accurately measure the visual attention associated with key elements of the game viewing experience. Results showed that (1) the ads available in the game view (IGAs) are capable altogether to attract 3.49% of the users’ visual attention; (2) the chat section draws 10.68% of the users’ visual attention and more than the streamer’s face, known as a powerful attentional driver; (3) the animated ad format elicits higher visual attention (1.46%) than the static format (1.12%); and (4) in some circumstances, the visual attention elicited by the ads is higher in the “Goal” scenes (0.69%) in comparison to “No-Goal” scenes (0.51%). Relevant managerial implications and future directions for the esports industry are reported and discussed.

Research on Animated GIFs Emotion Recognition Based on ResNet-ConvGRU

Animated Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) images have become an important part of network information interaction, and are one of the main characteristics of analyzing social media emotions. At present, most of the research on GIF affection recognition fails to make full use of spatial-temporal characteristics of GIF images, which limits the performance of model recognition to a certain extent. A GIF emotion recognition algorithm based on ResNet-ConvGRU is proposed in this paper. First, GIF data is preprocessed, converting its image sequences to static image format for saving. Then, the spatial features of images and the temporal features of static image sequences are extracted with ResNet and ConvGRU networks, respectively. At last, the animated GIFs data features are synthesized and the seven emotional intensities of GIF data are calculated. The GIFGIF dataset is used to verify the experiment. From the experimental results, the proposed animated GIFs emotion recognition model based on ResNet-ConvGRU, compared with the classical emotion recognition algorithms such as VGGNet-ConvGRU, ResNet3D, CNN-LSTM, and C3D, has a stronger feature extraction ability, and sentiment classification performance. This method provides a finer-grained analysis for the study of public opinion trends and a new idea for affection recognition of GIF data in social media.

Role of Testing Conditions in Formation of Tribological Layers at Line Contacts of Antifriction CF-Reinforced PI- and PEI-Based Composites.

High-strength PI and PEI polymers differ by chemical structure and flexibility of the polymer chains that ensure lower cost and higher manufacturability of the latter. The choice of a particular polymer matrix is of actuality at design of antifriction composites on their basis. In this study, a comparative analysis of tribological behavior of PI and PEI- based composites was carried out with linear contact rubbing. The neat materials, as well as the two- and three-component composites reinforced with chopped carbon fibers, were investigated. The third components were typically used, but were different in nature (polymeric and crystalline) being solid lubricant fillers (PTFE, graphite and MoS2) with characteristic dimensions of several microns. The variable parameters were both load and sliding speed, as well as the counterface material. It was shown that an improvement of the tribological properties could be achieved by the tribological layer formation, which protected their wear track surfaces from the cutting and plowing effects of asperities on the surfaces of the metal and ceramic counterparts. The tribological layers were not formed in both neat polymers, while disperse hardening by fractured CF was responsible for the tribological layer formation in both two- and three component PI- and PEI-based composites. The effect of polymer matrix in tribological behavior was mostly evident in two-component composites (PI/CF, PEI/CF) over the entire P⋅V product range, while extra loading with Gr and MoS2 leveled the regularities of tribological layer formation, as well as the time variation in friction coefficients.

Preparation and Spectroscopic Studies of Some Metal complexes with Azo ligand derived from 2-aminobenzothiazole and 4-Hydroxycoumarin

The present study describes the synthesis and characterization of some transition meal complexes derived from azo ligand derived from condensation 4-hydroxycoumarine and 2-aminobenzothiazole. The azo ligand was characterized by C.H.N.S elemental analyses, GC-Mass spectroscopy, H NMR and FT-IR spectra. The metal complexes with the new azo dye were isolated by the direct reactions of the metal chlorides of cadmium(II), zinc(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) ions with the alkaline solution of free ligand to afford the following complex [ML(H2O)2Cl] where M=Co(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II). The results obtained from FAAS, elemental analyses, UV-visible spectra, LC-MS and magnetic susceptibility measurements confirmed the tetrahedral environment for [CdLCl] complex and octahedral environment around copper(II), cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes. The time and mole ratios factors were studied to recommend the optimized conditions of metal complexes formations and the observed data was investigated for the deprotonation of the azo-dye at pH 6-7.0 with 6.5 minutes as time of reaction to afford the crystalline complexes.

Nonlocal delay driven spatiotemporal patterns in a single-species reaction–diffusion model

This paper presents Turing–Hopf bifurcation analysis and the resulting spatiotemporal dynamics in a single-species reaction–diffusion model with nonlocal delay. A linear stability analysis is performed to find the conditions for the occurrence of Turing–Hopf bifurcation. The weakly nonlinear analysis is then employed to derive the amplitude equations which describe the slow-time evolution of the critical Turing and Hopf modes. By the utilization of amplitude equations, stability conditions for different pattern formations can be obtained, helping to reveal the affluent spatiotemporal patterns near the Turing–Hopf bifurcation and predict when and where these patterns can emerge. Also, our analysis shows the role of the choice of initial conditions in pattern formations. Numerical simulations are given to verify the theoretical results.

Comparison of graph and animation: An unbalanced battle over two decades.

Numerous studies have produced contradictory findings about whether static or animated format is the better instructional tool. With a comparison between graphs and animations that has a genuine impact on learning and teaching, this review provides a comprehensive examination of (a) the theoretical foundations of visualized learning, (b) influencing factors, and (c) prospective future studies.

Dynamic Brain Connectivity in Resting-State FMRI Using Spectral ICA and Graph Approach: Application to Healthy Controls and Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease that involves structural and functional damage to the brain. It changes the functional connectivity of the brain between and within networks. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) enables us to measure functional correlation and independence between different brain regions. In recent years, statistical methods, including independent component analysis (ICA) and graph-based analysis, have been widely used in fMRI studies. Furthermore, topological properties of the brain have been appeared as significant features of neuroscience studies. Most studies are focused on graph analysis and ICA methods, rather than considering spectral approaches. Here, we developed a new framework to measure brain connectivity (in static and dynamic formats) and incorporate it to study fMRI data from MS patients and healthy controls (HCs). For this purpose, a spectral ICA method is proposed to extract the nodes of the brain graph. Spectral ICA extracts more reliable components and decreases the processing time in calculation of the static brain connectivity. Compared to Infomax ICA, dynamic range and low-frequency to high-frequency power ratio (fALFF) show better results using the proposed ICA. It is also helpful in selection of the states for dynamic connectivity. Furthermore, the dynamic connectivity-based extracted components from spectral ICA are estimated using a mutual information method and based on correlation of sliding time-windowed on selected IC time courses. First-level and second-level connectivity states are calculated using correlations of connectivity strength between graph nodes (spectral ICA components). Finally, static and dynamic connectivity are analyzed based on correlation nodes percolated by an anatomical automatic labeling (AAL) atlas. Despite static and dynamic connectivity results of AAL correlations not showing any significant changes between MS and HC, our results based on spectral ICA in static and dynamic connectivity showed significantly decreased connectivity in MS patients in the anterior cingulate cortex, whereas it was significantly weaker in the core but stronger at the periphery of the posterior cingulate cortex.

Multi-lingual "Asthma APP" improves health knowledge of asthma among Australian First Nations carers of children with asthma.

BackgroundAmong Australian First Nations people, asthma is associated with worse morbidity and mortality than non-First Nations people. Improving the delivery of health education that is innovative and culturally relevant to linguistically diverse populations is needed. Digital platforms, such as mobile applications (APP), have the potential to improve evidence-based health education, particularly in settings where access to specialist services is limited and turnover of staff is high, such as in remote Australia. In response to consumer needs, we developed a multi-lingual Asthma APP from our existing asthma flipchart, with a “voice-over” in seven local First Nations languages and English, using a mixture of static and interactive formats. In this study, we evaluated (a) the functionality and usability of the APP with First Nations health professionals with and without asthma and (b) whether the APP improves health knowledge and understanding of asthma among First Nations carers of children with asthma.MethodsIn total, 7 First Nations health professionals participated in semi-structured interviews prior to the evaluation with 80 First Nations carers of children with asthma from the Northern Territory and Queensland, Australia. Carers underwent pre- and post-education questionnaires (maximum score = 25), where the post-questionnaire was administered immediately post the APP education session.ResultsHealth professionals found that APP was easy to navigate and culturally appropriate. Among the 80 carers, most were mothers (86%), aged between 26 and 50 years (75%) and 61% lived in remote settings (>100 km from a tertiary hospital). Most carers chose English audio (76%) with the remainder choosing one of the First Nations languages. Overall, asthma knowledge significantly improved post-education (median scores pre = 21 [interquartile range (IQR), 19–22; post = 24 (IQR 22–24), p = 0.05].ConclusionThe First Nations-specific multi-lingual Asthma APP was easy to use and acceptable for the use by health professionals that also significantly improved short-term asthma knowledge among First Nations carers of children with asthma. The Asthma APP is an innovative and culturally acceptable method of delivering evidence-based, health education to culturally and linguistically diverse populations among Australian First Nations people.

The Wullowitz-Lakes theory: Periglacial impacts on river morphology and habitat suitability for the endangered freshwater pearl mussel

The Malše River, on the border between Austria and the Czech Republic, contains one of the last remaining freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) populations on the Bohemian Massif. Evidence from field studies indicated that landscape evolutionary processes changed the boundary conditions for river channel formations, especially in those parts where the remaining mussels, probably also self-reproducing to a limited extent, were documented. The aim of the present work was to study these possible palaeo-impacts through (i) the analysis of the terrain data and accompanying hydrodynamic-numerical modelling and (ii) sediment sampling of the main channel and the surrounding floodplains at the reach and catchment scales. The results indicated that solifluction caused a historic blockage in the drainage area with consequent formation of lakes in the upstream part of these obstructions. At least two sites where this “Wullowitz-Lakes Theory” can be applied were identified. The occurrence of these lakes was validated by sediment analysis. The findings further indicated that the later fluvial processes in these deposits of a former stagnant water body forced the formation of an anabranching channel in the system, which would not have occurred in a solely freely developed fluvial system. In conclusion, it could be determined that the consideration of palaeo-processes might be important even for present onsite assessments of aquatic habitats and species such as the endangered freshwater pearl mussel.

Origin of gem-quality megacrysts in the Cenozoic alkali basalts from the Muling area, northeastern China

Megacrysts hosted by mantle-derived volcanic rocks provide valuable information on the chemical evolution and ascending history of the parental magmatic systems. However, the origin of the megacrysts has still been far from consensus. Here, we present systematic major- and trace-element data of a variety of gem-quality megacrysts in the Cenozoic basalts from Muling area, northeastern China, with the aim of investigating the origin and formational conditions of these megacrysts. The studied megacrysts are composed of clinopyroxene, garnet and orthopyroxene. All megacrysts are optically and compositionally homogeneous. Clinopyroxene megacrysts, with Mg# of 85.3–87.5, contain Al 2 O 3 of 6.64–8.07 wt%, thus can be ascribed as Al-augites. Garnet megacrysts are rich in pyrope component with Mg# of 74.0–76.0 and contain low Cr 2 O 3 less than 0.05 wt%. All orthopyroxene megacrysts are enstatite in composition. According to the color, they can be further divided into two groups (Group 1: greenish brown; Group 2: dark brown) which are apparently different in chemical composition. Group 2 orthopyroxenes have lower Mg# (85.1–86.3) and Cr 2 O 3 (0.09–0.18 wt%) and higher Al 2 O 3 (6.78–7.71 wt%) and TiO 2 (0.20–0.24 wt%), while Group 1 orthopyroxenes are characterized by higher Mg# (89.2–89.8) and Cr 2 O 3 (0.55–0.66 wt%) and lower Al 2 O 3 (5.13–5.93 wt%) and TiO 2 (0.11–0.15 wt%). Clinopyroxene, garnet and Group 2 orthopyroxene megacrysts can be easily distinguished with equivalent phases in accompanied peridotite xenoliths or peridotite xenoliths in other locations through eastern China by their major-element compositions. They show good correlations between Mg# and major-oxide contents (such as Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 ), indicating their derivation from melts which had undergone variable extent of fractional crystallization. Mg# and trace-element compositions of their equilibrium melts are incomparable with those of host basalts. We infer clinopyroxene, garnet and Group 2 orthopyroxene megacrysts from Muling are most likely produced by fractional crystallization of basaltic melts that formed earlier than host basalts. Pressure estimations suggest clinopyroxene and garnet megacrysts from Muling were formed at 2.0–2.5 GPa, corresponding to a depth of 66–80 km, near the boundary between lithosphere and asthenosphere based on local lithosphere thickness. Compared with orthopyroxenes in accompanied peridotites, Group 1 orthopyroxene megacrysts have slightly lower Mg# and higher CaO and Al 2 O 3 , similar with those produced by basaltic melts-peridotite interaction experiments in which orthopyroxene precipitated with the expense of olivine and clinopyroxene. A revised model (modified from Liu and Ying (2019): Liu, Y.D., Ying, J.F., 2019. Origin of clinopyroxene megacrysts in volcanic rocks from the North China Craton: a comparison study with megacrysts worldwide. International Geology Review 62, 1845–1861.) has been proposed to decipher the formation of variable megacrysts from Muling. • Megacrysts from Muling consist of Opx, Cpx and Grt. • Cpx, Grt and Group 2 Opx are crystallization products of earlier-formed melts. • Group 1 Opx were probably produced by melt-peridotite reaction. • Megacrysts from Muling formed at 2.0–2.5 Gpa, near LAB.