Formation In Japan Research Articles

Comparison of Korean and Japanese Tertiary fossil wood floras with special references to the genusWataria

Among 64 fossil woods collected from the Upper Coal-bearing Formation of Janggi Group, Pohang, Korea, four specimens have been characterized by their distinct ring porosity and the presence of tile cells in rays. After detailed anatomical studies, we could identify them as two species ofWataria-W. miocenica andW. parvipora. GenusWataria, known as an extinct taxon of Sterculiaceae, has been found only in the Tertiary formations in Japan. Most of these sterculiaceous plants are thermophilic and reportedly never inhabited in the Korean Peninsula. The existence of fossil woods ofWataria in Korea supports the idea of a common flora established in both countries during the Tertiary. In Japan, fossil woods ofWataria have been found only during the early Miocene formations. Therefore, the age of the Upper Coal-bearing Formation can be said of as the early Miocene.

Women's Economic Standing, Marriage Timing, and Cross‐National Contexts of Gender

Proponents of the theory of specialization and exchange hypothesize that in any national context, women's higher economic standing will decrease their chance of marriage. Some researchers suggest, however, that only in industrialized countries with a high degree of role differentiation by gender does the inverse relationship between women's economic standing and the chance of marriage exist. To evaluate contrasting cross‐national predictions, I test with longitudinal data and standardized methods whether the inverse relationship exists in 3 similarly affluent industrialized countries that vary in their degree of role differentiation by gender: the United States, Japan (a context more differentiated by gender than the United States), and Sweden (a context less differentiated by gender than the United States). Contrary to the prediction that develops out of the theory of specialization and exchange, results indicate that women's higher levels of income discourage first marriage formation in Japan, but encourage it in the United States and Sweden.

A new iguanodontian (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Lower Cretaceous Kitadani Formation of Fukui Prefecture, Japan

ABSTRACT The skull material of a new iguanodontian dinosaur, Fukuisaurus tetoriensis gen. et sp. nov., discovered from the fluvial deposits of the Lower Cretaceous Kitadani Formation, Tetori Group, Fukui Prefecture, Japan, is described here. Some features of Fukuisaurus show affinities with Iguanodon, Ouranosaurus, and Altirhinus, referred to as Iguanodontidae by some. A phylogenetic analysis using mainly cranial characters shows that Fukuisaurus is a definitive derived non-hadrosaurid iguanodontian and implies that Fukuisaurus is more derived than the clade of Iguanodon + Ouranosaurus and more basal to the clade of Altirhinus, Probactrosaurus, Eolambia, Protohadros, Bactrosaurus, Telmatosaurus, and hadrosaurids. It also supports that Iguanodontidae is paraphyletic by the exclusion of Altirhinus as suggested previously. The presence of Fukuisaurus indicates a wider geographical distribution of the group in eastern Asia. The occurrences of derived non-hadrosaurid iguanodontians from the Kitadani Formation and other formations in Japan support a dispersal of this group into eastern Asia by the Early Cretaceous and its temporal range extension in Japan. Fukuisaurus possesses a strong maxilla-vomer articulation, indicative of the independent acquisition of a non-pleurokinetic skull (not present in Hypsilophodon, Iguanodon, and hadrosaurids).

Teaching, research and practice … … establishing a productive balance

The current debates on teaching standards, on research assessment and on the condition of the profession tend to be carried on in isolation from each other. In this article Gordon Murray, a practitioner and teacher, draws a connection between all three topics and underlines the importance and potential of research for both teaching and the profession. His brief review of teaching and professional formation in Japan provides a thought-provoking comparison with architectural education in the UK and the US.

Japan.com

Contemporary Japan is in the midst of an identity crisis grounded in conditions of economic, political and social confusion and a lost sense of national direction and purpose. This paper explores the bases of Japan's evolving national political identity. It notes the construction of a sense of Japanese homogeneity and the role of official discourses in the formation of Japan's national identity. The paper argues that internationalisation, cybernetic contacts and community insecurities are undermining the received idea of what it means to be Japanese and posing fundamental challenges to the legitimacy of the contemporary Japanese state.

Japan.com

Contemporary Japan is in the midst of an identity crisis grounded in conditions of economic, political and social confusion and a lost sense of national direction and purpose. This paper explores the bases of Japan's evolving national political identity. It notes the construction of a sense of Japanese homogeneity and the role of official discourses in the formation of Japan's national identity. The paper argues that internationalisation, cybernetic contacts and community insecurities are undermining the received idea of what it means to be Japanese and posing fundamental challenges to the legitimacy of the contemporary Japanese state.

Tectonic implication of Lower Cretaceous chromian spinel‐bearing sandstones in Japan and Korea

Abstract In Japan and Korea, some Lower Cretaceous terrigenous clastic rocks yield detrital chromian spinels. These chromian spinels are divided into two groups: low‐Ti and high‐Ti. The Sanchu Group and the Yuno Formation in Japan have both groups, whereas the Nagashiba Formation in Japan and the Jinju Formation in Korea have only the low‐Ti spinels. High‐Ti spinels are thought to have originated in intraplate‐type basalt. Low‐Ti spinels (higher than 0.6 Cr#) were probably derived from peridotites, which are highly correlated with an arc setting derivation and possibly with a forearc setting derivation. Low‐Ti spinels are seen in the Sanchu Group, the Nagashiba Formation and the Jinju Formation. Low‐Ti spinels from the Yuno Formation are characterized by low Cr# (less than 0.6) and these chromian spinels appear to have been derived from oceanic mantle‐type peridotite, including backarc. According to maps reconstructing the pre‐Sea of Japan configuration of the Japanese Islands and the Korean Peninsula, the Korean Cretaceous basin was comparatively close to the Southwest Japan depositional basins. It is possible that these Lower Cretaceous systems were sediments mainly in the forearc and partly in the backarc regions. The peridotite might have infiltrated along major tectonic zones such as the Kurosegawa Tectonic Zone (= serpentinite melange zone) in which left lateral movement prevailed during the Early Cretaceous.

石油探鉱におけるストロンチウム同位体層序

Strontium isotopic studies were made on Cenozoic formations in Japan in order to demonstrate the applicability of Sr isotope stratigraphy for petroleum exploration. The conclusions are summarized as follows:1) Sr isotope stratigaraphy using calcareous foraminiferal tests is a powerful method for the dating of Early Oligocene to Recent marine sediments.2) This method has several advantages over biostratigraphic methods because only small amounts of calcareous foraminifera, which are benthonic and planktonic speicies with a long range, can be used for analysis.3) Sr isotope stratigraphy in combination with well data, including microfossils and physical well logs, promises to be a tool for high resolution stratigraphic analysis.4) Abundant and characteristic species with relatively good preservation shoud be measured to eliminate dropped foraminifera from shallower depth intervals.5) Continuous and systematic measurements ensure the reliability of Sr isotope ages and the detection of the isotopic alteration of samples.

Fossil contourites: a critical review

Despite three decades of study, there is still great controversy over the recognition and interpretation of fossil contourites exposed in ancient series on land. In order to best examine this problem, we briefly review the evidence from modern systems, including the many examples of Cenozoic contourites that have been recovered from DSDP/ODP drilling on major drifts in the present-day oceans. The range of contourite facies described from both deep-water (>2000 m) and mid-water (300–2000 m) drifts are mostly fine-grained, bioturbated and homogeneous, often with a distinct bedding cyclicity, and with some coarser-grained sandy contourites developed under higher-energy bottom currents. There are also a number of current-controlled sediment bodies that have formed in outer shelf/upper slope settings (50–300 m) under the influence of counter currents, underflows and major surface currents. These are not considered contourites sensu stricto, but may be mistaken as such in ancient examples. The most commonly described fossil contourites in the literature have been interpreted by the authors concerned as bottom-current reworked turbidites. However, a critical review suggests that these are the facies most subject to misinterpretation and many of the sediments claimed as fossil contourites are almost certainly fine-grained turbidites, whereas others were more likely formed under outer shelf/upper slope current systems. There remain very few ancient examples that are more closely comparable to modern contourites; these include the Cretaceous Talme Yafe Formation in Israel, the Ordovician Jiuxi Drift in China, and parts of the Paleogene Lefkara Formation, Cyprus and the Neogene Misaki Formation in Japan. We present a set of possible criteria for the recognition of fossil contourites and bottom-current reworked turbidites.

Principles of Labor Union Formation in Japan and Korea

Principles of Labor Union Formation in Japan and Korea

State Formation in Japan and the West

State Formation in Japan and the West

Reviews

Review of Private Pension Policies in Industrialized Countries: A Comparative Analysis, Reframing Human Resource Management: Power, Ethics and the Subject of Work, Skill Formation in Japan: An Overview and Enterprise Case Studies, Psychological Contracts in Organizations: Understanding Written and Uttwritten Agreements, The Responsive Employee: the road toward organisational citizenship in the workplace and Industrial Relations: Theory and Practice In Britain

A CASE OF ILEO-COLONIC FISTULA WHICH WAS ASSUMED TO BE CAUSED BY INTESTINAL TUBERCULOSIS

65-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of intractable lower abdominal pain which had been lasting for nearly two years. There was a history of pulmonary tuberculosis (Tbc) which was successfully treated with anti-Tbc agents at the age of twenty years old. Chest and abdominal X-ray examinations revealed calcified lesions which were presumed healed tuberculotic lesions. Barium enema showed shortening of the ascending colon, distorted cecum with pseudo-diverticula and a fistula formation between the stenotic terminal ileum and transverse colon. Right hemicolectomy including the fistula was performed. The patient recovered without any complications and was discharged from the hospital on 45th postoperative day. Although no histological evidence was obtained, intestinal tuberculosis was strongly suspected as a cause of ileo-colonic fistula in this case. Intestinal tuberculosis is liable to extend on the surface of the intestial wall, but does not tend to reach to the deep organs. It is very rare that the disease forms a fistula between organs. We reviewed previously reported six cases of intestinal tuberculosis with fistula formation in Japan.

II The Choice of Technology and Social Formation in Japan

II The Choice of Technology and Social Formation in Japan

Out of the very stone: Korean hibakusha

This article is concerned with the politics of memory in post‐war Japan as reflected in the treatment of Korean hibakusha. It is also an attempt to map a particular terrain in which conflicting representations of the past and present struggle to be heard. The Hiroshima and Nagasaki narratives have contributed greatly to the formation of Japan's post‐war national consciousness. For many Japanese the atomic bombings are the defining moments in their nation's modern history. The annual Hiroshima Peace Memorial Ceremony attracts thousands of visitors from around the world. Wreaths are laid to honour those who perished, visitors are solemnly escorted through the Park's Museum, and political leaders take the opportunity to reaffirm their commitment to peace and national prosperity. At a discursive level, however, the atomic bombings have been situated within a ‘master’ historical narrative. It is a narrative which not only enhances Japan's image as a victim of the Pacific War, but has relegated other, contradic...

Skill Formation In Japan: The Broader Context And Recent Developments

Abstract Japan's approach to skill formation has been regarded by many commentators as worthy of emulation. Skill formation in Japan is commonly seen as predominantly enterprise based and mostly imparted through on-the-job training. This paper challenges that view by arguing that this enterprise focus has been overemphasised by researchers at the expense of a broader understanding of the skill formation process in Japan. The paper draws on official statistics and survey data from the Ministry of Labour and on enterprise case studies conducted by the author in the Nagoya, Hiroshima and Kansai areas in January- February 1993. One major finding of this analysis is that the Government plays a far more important role in the skill formation process than many accounts of skill formation in Japan allow for. Particular attention is drawn to survey data that show that enterprises in 1991 are making more use of the National Skill Tests compared with 14 years previously. Also important in the skill formation process in Japan is the role of the large private training provider sector external to and separate from the enterprise. A number of case studies and survey evidence are drawn on to show that there are emerging signs that within the enterprise informal on-the-job training, so much a feature of past practice in Japanese workplaces, is becoming less important as the major means of skills acquisition. Many large enterprises are seeking to provide more theoretically based training to enable front line workers to operate more sophisticated technology on the assembly line and in other manufacturing operations. The policy implications of this broader and more up-to-date view of skill formation in Japan are canvassed with particular reference to Australia.

Job Training and Rotations in Japanese Manufacturing Organizations

This study investigates employee perceptions of job training and rotations in Japanese manufacturing organizations. An attention is focused on the issue of how on-the-job training and job rotations operate in Japanese organizations, and whether these work activities motivate Japanese employees. The results from an analysis of qualitative data obtained from 40 Japanese employees suggest that on-the-job training and job rotations operate without causing major employee dissatisfaction, despite the fact that employees receive no substantive rewards for thesework activities. Institutional factors embedded in the workplace, such as normsgoverning co-worker relations, appear to be important prerequisites for sustaining the system of skill formation in Japan. The results also indicate that on-the-job training and job rotations do not necessarily enhance employees work motivation. Japanese employees tend to view co-worker training as burden. Job rotations seem to discourage employees when they are obliged to move against theirwill.

Quantitative Analysis of Ostracoda and Water Masses around Japan: Application to Pliocene and Pleistocene Paleoceanography

Quantitative Analysis of Ostracoda and Water Masses around Japan: Application to Pliocene and Pleistocene Paleoceanography

Refugee Policy Formation in Japan: Developments and Implications

Refugee Policy Formation in Japan: Developments and Implications

堆積盆地の地史情報に基づく沈降モデルと構造形成 日本海東部と中国北部湾を例にして

Concerning the origin and structural developments of sedimentary basins, detailed case studies were made in the eastern part of the Sea of Japan and the Beibu Gulf of China where enough well data and seismic data were accumulated. Through these studies, a quantitative analysis for the subsidence of sedimentary basin was investigated. Three patterns were recognized for the subsidence of these basins such as 1) the isostatic initial subsidence, 2) the thermal subsidence, and 3) the flexure. Each of them is deeply associated with the evolution of sedimentary basins.This analysis seems to be an effective approach for the comprehensive evaluation of the sedimentary basins, therefore a detailed procedure for the analysis will be introduced.From this study, the developments of the basins in the Sea of Japan and the Beibu Gulf were summarized as follows:1. Phase of the isostatic initial subsidence.a. The eastern part of the Sea of Japan subsided with rates of 16 times larger in comparison with that of the Beibu Gulf. In the eastern part of the Sea of Japan, subsidence with such a large scale in short time could be resulted from prominent volcanic activities of the final stage of the Green Tuff movement.b. The both basins subsided to about 3, 000m in depth. Main structural elements such as grabens were formed in this phase. It is believed that the important source rocks deposited in the end of this phase.c. Some important reservoirs are developed in the Green-tuff Formation in Japan. In the Beibu Gulf, similar reservoirs are not developed because of weak volcanic activities there, and sandstones are important reservoirs of this phase.2. Phase of the thermal subsidence.a. Crustal thinning (24-32km) caused the conversion of relatively thickened asthenosphere to slightly more dense mantle lid and the basins subsided slowly in accordance with the movement.b. The ultimate amount of thermal subsidence (Do) of the eastern part of the Sea of Japan is larger than that of the Beibu Gulf. Thus the sediments in the Sea of Japan are greater than the Beibu Gulf.c. Remarkable structural movements in large scale during this phase did not take place in both areas. Therefore, only stratigraphic traps and anticlines which resulted from differential compaction are expected in this phase.3. Phase of the flexure.a. Subsidence in this phase was more vigorous because of plate deflections accelerated by thick sedimentary load in comparison with that of the preceding phase.b. Flexural rigidity in the eastern part of the Sea of Japan is smaller than that of the Beibu Gulf, therefore, deflections of the crust of the Sea of Japan are larger.c. Tilting of the basin led to reactivation of faults, decollement movements and gravity gliding, and structural traps were formed in this phase.