The article defines the need for research and analysis of non-linear epochs. This problem is currently relevant, since the dynamics of modern life require a theoretical understanding of the spontaneous processes taking place, as well as forecasting the ways of their further development. In contrast to stable eras, the analysis of which can be carried out using traditional methods, unstable periods that take place in conditions of crisis and chaos require a fundamentally different psycho-emotional, energy-emotional, spiritual and mental understanding. They arise on the border of colossal cultural epochs (antiquity, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, modern times, the transition to romanticism, the transformation of realism, etc.) and are characterized by spontaneous phenomena that grow as a result of contradictions and numerous fluctuations. In order to explain the logic of these phenomena in the development of literature, we consider it necessary to look from a new angle at the process of changing genre systems, mythopoetic and artistic thinking of writers, the psychology of creativity, the character level of works, etc. The role of such periods cannot be underestimated, since this is the time of creation of new directions, which later become the basis for the formation of a new worldview, methods of cognition, scientific picture of the world. On the one hand, this is a period of crises that give rise to a tragic worldview and a premonition of catastrophe, on the other hand, it is a kind of prologue to the next age, because it is a time of reorientation and change of consciousness, renewal of all types of art, creation of new artistic and aesthetic currents, philosophical theories that become the basis of the authors’ creativity. Taking into consideration everything mentioned above, it is necessary to say that a new model of the characteristics of an unstable era is proposed, which includes the systematization of its main indicators; the use of synergistic studies in the characteristics of the literature of this time is substantiated; on the example of the analysis of frontier epochs of the XVIII–XIX centuries., XIX–XX centuries a phase model of reorientation is used, the main elements of which are a violation of equilibrium (non-linearity, imbalance of processes), chaos, self-organization of new artistic forms, design of a new narrative system.
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