Formation Of Territories Research Articles

Bivalent individualization during chromosome territory formation in Drosophila spermatocytes by controlled condensin II protein activity and additional force generators.

Reduction of genome ploidy from diploid to haploid necessitates stable pairing of homologous chromosomes into bivalents before the start of the first meiotic division. Importantly, this chromosome pairing must avoid interlocking of non-homologous chromosomes. In spermatocytes of Drosophila melanogaster, where homolog pairing does not involve synaptonemal complex formation and crossovers, associations between non-homologous chromosomes are broken up by chromosome territory formation in early spermatocytes. Extensive non-homologous associations arise from the coalescence of the large blocks of pericentromeric heterochromatin into a chromocenter and from centromere clustering. Nevertheless, during territory formation, bivalents are moved apart into spatially separate subnuclear regions. The condensin II subunits, Cap-D3 and Cap-H2, have been implicated, but the remarkable separation of bivalents during interphase might require more than just condensin II. For further characterization of this process, we have applied time-lapse imaging using fluorescent markers of centromeres, telomeres and DNA satellites in pericentromeric heterochromatin. We describe the dynamics of the disruption of centromere clusters and the chromocenter in normal spermatocytes. Mutations in Cap-D3 and Cap-H2 abolish chromocenter disruption, resulting in excessive chromosome missegregation during M I. Chromocenter persistence in the mutants is not mediated by the special system, which conjoins homologs in compensation for the absence of crossovers in Drosophila spermatocytes. However, overexpression of Cap-H2 precluded conjunction between autosomal homologs, resulting in random segregation of univalents. Interestingly, Cap-D3 and Cap-H2 mutant spermatocytes displayed conspicuous stretching of the chromocenter, as well as occasional chromocenter disruption, suggesting that territory formation might involve forces unrelated to condensin II. While the molecular basis of these forces remains to be clarified, they are not destroyed by inhibitors of F actin and microtubules. Our results indicate that condensin II activity promotes chromosome territory formation in co-operation with additional force generators and that careful co-ordination with alternative homolog conjunction is crucial.

Formation of New Territories in Residents’ House in Tourism Kampung

Changing an ordinary kampung into a tourist kampung will provide changes in every aspect of the kampung. These changes are among the changes in terms of social, economic, cultural, environmental, and activities in the tourist kampung. Through the change of activities automatically forms a new regulatory system in its spatial and function. then comes the urge of citizens to maintain and form a private territory to other activities (tourist activities). so it needs to know how the villagers form their new territory in the outer space of their dwelling to get the comfort and privacy that suits their needs. The method used to determine the formation of new territories carried out by citizens using studies from research that raised similar phenomena that have occurred. After that, a comparison is made with field data or the current conditions of the current tourist kampung. The results obtained will find the form of citizens' efforts to form new territories with their boundaries. The boundaries are adjusted to the factors that shape it such as space requirements, spatial functions, activities, and the perpetrators of these activities. Then it can be used to indicate other changes that occur in the tourist kampung.

Климатические и экологические риски развития прибрежных арктических территорий

The authors have analyzed the essence, structure, rates of negative trends in the Arctic coastal zone, risk factors, the consequences of climate change. They have outlined ways to mitigate and overcome the trends, paying particular attention to the elimination of objects of accumulated environmental damage in the Russian Arctic zone. The article clarifies the concept and methods of assessing climate risk. The researchers have carried out a PEST-analysis for the factors of influence of the external environment on the infrastructure formation of the Arctic coastal territories and proposed to use the mechanism of public-private partnership, develop renewable energy sources, conduct ethnological expertise of projects, create special units for managing climate risks in stakeholder companies.

Topological Constraints with Optimal Length Promote the Formation of Chromosomal Territories at Weakened Degree of Phase Separation.

It is generally agreed that the nuclei of eukaryotic cells at interphase are partitioned into disjointed territories, with distinct regions occupied by certain chromosomes. However, the underlying mechanism for such territorialization is still under debate. Here we model chromosomes as coarse-grained block copolymers and to investigate the effect of loop domains (LDs) on the formation of compartments and territories based on dissipative particle dynamics. A critical length of LDs, which depends sensitively on the length of polymeric blocks, is obtained to minimize the degree of phase separation. This also applies to the two-polymer system: The critical length not only maximizes the degree of territorialization but also minimizes the degree of phase separation. Interestingly, by comparing with experimental data, we find the critical length for LDs and the corresponding length of blocks to be respectively very close to the mean length of topologically associating domains (TADs) and chromosomal segments with different densities of CpG islands for human chromosomes. The results indicate that topological constraints with optimal length can contribute to the formation of territories by weakening the degree of phase separation, which likely promotes the chromosomal flexibility in response to genetic regulations.

MANAGEMENT OF URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIES

In modern conditions, close attention is paid to the study of various theoretical and practical aspects of managing the development of domestic agglomerations. The importance of research in this area is determined by the increasing role of agglomerations as the most effective form of territorial organization in many countries of the world. Currently, urban agglomerations are accepted as configurations of the distribution of production capacities, as well as the dispersion of the population without reference to administrative-territorial units. Agglomerations serve as activators of growth points, act as an economic link of territories, ensure the systematic development of the socio-industrial base and serve to the implementation of the main task of creating effective conditions for the development of the state. Today, there is an acute problem of the lack of unified methodological and managerial approaches in the formation and development of agglomeration, which, of course, makes the research topic relevant. The purpose of the study is to consider agglomerations in the context of sustainable socio-economic development of territories, as well as to develop proposals for improving the management process during their formation. The methods of system, economicstatistical, abstract-logical, comparative analysis, graphical and tabular analysis were used in the work. The results of the study are aimed at improving the management of agglomerations in the process of their formation and socio-economic development of territories.

Formation of priority development territories in the Far Eastern Federal District as the most important component of Eurasian integration

The modern model of socio-economic development of Russia has formed in the past few years under the influence of global financial challenges and unpredictable political circumstances. This requires a search for new directions of strategic development sources, which are based on a truly historical transformation of the most promising areas in several subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District. Without rejecting the prevailing imperative of "European" direction of cooperation, such an approach could be a turning point in Russia's development for years to come and ensure the strengthening of the Eurasian integration processes.

Contemporary development of the Russian Far Eastern regions in the format of green economy model: Ecological aspects

Subject. This article deals with the issues of environmental preferences in the field of functioning of the priority social and economic development areas in the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia. Objectives. The article aims to show the current situation in the formation of priority social and economic development territories on the basis of a brief analysis of the green economy conceptual provisions, taking into account the region's particular nature. Results. The article presents the results of a brief analysis of certain provisions of the concept of green economy from ecological position. It shows that the perspective plans of development of the Far Eastern regions practically ignore the principles of green economy. The article considers the actual situation in the development of priority social and economic development areas in the Khabarovsk Krai. Conclusions. The development of a green economy of regions with a high share of raw materials in the structure of the economy introduces fundamentally new approaches to the formation of a strategy for their development, focused on strengthening the importance of the ecosystem organization of economic activities. At present, the priority social and economic development areas are the basis for solving the government's problems in diversifying the region's economy. The first results of realization of the projects of creation of the priority social and economic development areas in the Khabarovsk Krai allow to note the progress in transformation of the production structure.

Geometric singularity of spatial shape of urbanized territories

The article considers the theoretical foundations of the emergence of geometric singularity of the spatial form of urbanized territories in the context of translating the specific vocabulary of formation and the norms of cultural tradition. A comprehensive consideration of the problems of preserving and developing the historical appearance of the city, as well as the issues of solving the problems of forming a modern urban environment, forms the basis of the meaning and content of the article. The methodology for studying the phenomenon of geometric singularity of the spatial form of urbanized territories in the context of the historical environment of the center of the Siberian city is the basis of analysis and criticism as specific forms of activity and functioning of the urban community. The study is based on various types of ideas about the organization of the structure of external relations, understanding and designing the mechanisms for developing their own types of activities and urban environment, which ensures the normal development and regeneration of the architectural form. The main stages of the formation of urbanized territories are outlined. The problem of formation of the concept of singularity considering preservation and development of urban identity, as well as formation of modern urbanized environment is considered. The methodology for studying the mechanisms for forming unique units of the original image of the cultural and historical environment is based on the study of the geometric identity of spatial forms of co-organization of urban communities. The methods of geometric singularity of spatial form of urbanized territories considered by us in the context of translation of specific vocabulary of formation and norms of cultural traditions of historical environment of cultural and social center of the city allow carrying out described operations on various types of initial and operational data from deployment of whole spectrum of parameters to their comparative assessment and obtaining indicators of compliance of studied structure of composition with given standard. The results confirmed the existing theoretical provisions, thereby showing the effectiveness of the study.

A DNA Sequence Based Polymer Model for Chromatin Folding.

The recent development of sequencing technology and imaging methods has provided an unprecedented understanding of the inter-phase chromatin folding in mammalian nuclei. It was found that chromatin folds into topological-associated domains (TADs) of hundreds of kilo base pairs (kbps), and is further divided into spatially segregated compartments (A and B). The compartment B tends to be located near to the periphery or the nuclear center and interacts with other domains of compartments B, while compartment A tends to be located between compartment B and interacts inside the domains. These spatial domains are found to highly correlate with the mosaic CpG island (CGI) density. High CGI density corresponds to compartments A and small TADs, and vice versa. The variation of contact probability as a function of sequential distance roughly follows a power-law decay. Different chromosomes tend to segregate to occupy different chromosome territories. A model that can integrate these properties at multiple length scales and match many aspects is highly desired. Here, we report a DNA-sequence based coarse-grained block copolymer model that considers different interactions between blocks of different CGI density, interactions of TAD formation, as well as interactions between chromatin and the nuclear envelope. This model captures the various single-chromosome properties and partially reproduces the formation of chromosome territories.

Assessment of trip generation in trip attractors in the Arctic zone

The paper describes solutions to the issues of development in the Arctic zones and the formation of urbanized territories in these areas that would serve as footholds. The specifics of life in the northern territories, their natural and climatic, geopolitical, as well as economic and technological features are specified. The theoretical part of the study describes one of the main quantitative characteristics of trip attractors — the specific trip generation. We provide the definition, mathematical description, as well as permissible ranges of values for consolidated groups of trip attractors. The key feature of this paper is regulatory data on the specific trip generation and its range given for more than 30 types of trip attractors that make it possible to predict transport demand when creating new or converting existing trip attractors and, as a result, to improve the quality of transport planning at all stages of city-planning and transport design.

Institute of federal territories in the Russian Federation (by the case of the federal territory "Sirius")

The aim of this article is to analyze the federal territories which have become an element of Russian federalism in accordance with the latest revision of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.The objectives of the study include an analysis of the territorial nature of the federal state in its geographical and political and territorial relations; study of foreign experience in the functioning of federal te rritories in their species diversity; study of the status of the first federal territory "Sirius", as having the national strategic importance of public legal education, including its goal, the legal basis of activities, the territory, the organization of public authority, the implementation of local self-government. The research methodology includes both the general scientific methods of cognition and private scientific means: a formal legal, comparative legal, systemic, whose combination has allowed to characterize the federal territory as a new and significant phenomenon of Russian federalism. The originality of the study is predetermined by the novelty of the institute of the federal territory, which first received constitutional recognition in Russia. The results of the study include the formulation of scientific and practical proposals for the construction of mechanisms for the formation of federal territories in Russia, taking into account the rights and interests of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The study is accompanied by conclusions arising from the analysis of the Institute of Federal Territories and its implementation in Russia, in particular, the definition of a federal territory as an element of Russian federalism, which characterizes the political and territorial construction of the Russian Federation; determination of the federal territory as a separate and independent part of the territory of the Russian Federation, a special territorial element of the Federal Device of Russia; the need to adopt a model law on federal territories determining the mechanism for the allocation of the federal territory from the subject of the federation, the general principles for the construction and organization of the federal territory, the system of its bodies, interaction with federal and regional authorities; Availability of public authorities in the territory of public-legal education "Sirius" of signs of both government agencies and a local government body, their belonging to the independent type of public authorities.

Revitalization of urban industrial areas based on sustainable development principles

The article considers the formation of industrial territories in the structure of a historical city and the need to revitalize them in modern conditions on the basis of an integrated approach. Its goals and main objectives of revitalization are given. The problem of the industrial “belt” of the historical city, in particular, the “Grey Belt” of Saint Petersburg, and the potential of depressed former industrial areas in the structure of the city are shown. Examples of reconstruction and adaptation for the new functions of New Holland Island, the revitalization of a part of the territory of the Sevkabel Port plant into public space, and the Loft Etagi Project in the industrial zone in St. Petersburg are described.

Toropets in the Territorial and Administrative System of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Moscow State at the End of the 15th — 16th Century

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the territorial, administrative and settlement structure of Toropets and Toropets uezd at the end of the 15th — 16th centuries. During the period when Toropets was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, it was influenced by its peripheral position and its status as a state settlement, direct tax collection and at the same time maintaining relative independence. Communal traditions inherited from the Old Russian period were also preserved. The involvement of both urban and rural population in crafts activities was recorded, which influenced the formation of special territories (perevaras) in the Toropets uezd. The territories of volosts and a perevaras according to the scribe book of 1540 were localized. The territories of perevaras were within the borders of volosts. The inhabitants of the volosts and the townspeople of Toropets owned the side honey trees. In the city, the yards of shabry are recorded — the collective landowners, and in the county, on the territory of the crossing — the “nest” of settlements under a generalizing name, which served as a means of identifying the object of taxation. After Toropets joined the Moscow state, these features remain. However, the community land ownership and honey craft gradually decline throughout the 16th century.

Механизмы ускоренного экономического роста регионов Дальнего Востока

Introduction. At present, the issues of the Far East accelerated economic development remain in the focus of the state attention. Among the key mechanisms of state policy is the formation of advanced development territories (ADT). The article sets the task of studying the impact of the institutional measures taken on the welfare and the population’s life quality in the Far Eastern territories. Particular attention is paid to studying migration processes and analyzing the economic activity of the Far East population. The purpose of the article is to study the effects of implementing mechanisms for accelerated economic growth, as well as assess their impact on the life quality in the Far East regions. Methods. The authors use the following methods: economic and mathematical modeling, computational and analytical methods, comparative and spatial analysis. Scientific novelty of the research. For a comprehensive assessment of the regional well-being, the authors propose to supplement the multiplicative model based on the A. Sen’s extended welfare function with a composite ecological index. It takes into account the ecological conditions of human life, which are an important aspect of well-being. The authors obtain ecologically adjusted indicators of well-being for the eastern regions of the Russian Federation and study their dynamics, as well as the relations with the data on the population’s migration activity during the formation of new institutions of advanced development in the East of the country. Results. The authors find out that most of the Far Eastern territories are still lagging behind the average Russian level in socio-economic development. The results of assessing the level of well-being of regions on the basis of a multiplicative model without taking into account the environmental factor show that the most prosperous areas are raw materials-based territories. It is shown that the role of environmental factors in the life quality in the Far Eastern territories of Russia is very significant - the ecologically adjusted level of well-being is noticeably lower than the indicator that does not take into account this aspect of well-being. The authors reveal that socio-economically disadvantaged regions with difficult natural and climatic living conditions have very high rates of migration outflow. Their coefficients of migration loss reflect the presence of a crisis in economic development, which has been increasing in recent years. An analysis of trends in economic activity shows a relationship between the dynamics of the number of employed and the implementation of ADT projects in the Far Eastern territories. Conclusions. The conclusion is that the measures taken by the state for the advanced economic development of the eastern territories of the country have not yet had a noticeable positive impact on the welfare and life quality in the Far East regions.

РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ РАССЕЛЕНИЯ И ТЕРРИТОРИИ С ПРЕФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНЫМИ РЕЖИМАМИ: ПРИНЦИПЫ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ И РАЗВИТИЯ

The presence in the newest Russian urban planning practice of special objects of professional activity - local urbanized formations is revealed. Their appearance is due to the adoption of new regulatory legal acts in various sectors of activity, significantly expanding the scope of the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation. They establish general requirements for the formation of territories with preferential development regimes and their subsequent use, which contain the prerequisites for significant changes in the state of territorial objects and their systems. However, to date, they are not fully used either at the stage of developing urban planning documentation, or at the stage of its implementation. Urban planning practice indicates the need to establish the relationship between the properties and characteristics of regional systems of settlements and local formations, depending on environmental factors. As a result of the analysis and systematization of modern experience in the implementation of projects for the development of local territories, the influence of the activity of their urban development on the parameters of the functioning of regional systems has been established. The revealed dependence is proposed to be used in the development of model schemes for the reorganization of regional systems, which characterize their susceptibility to the emergence of new centers of urban development. The expediency of using the developed theoretical models in the process of improving the methodology of territorial planning has been substantiated. Purposeful planning of local territories in settlement systems is presented as forecasting the emergence of new foci of development through a comprehensive assessment and consideration of the available resource potential. Thus, it ensures the regulated development of the territory. This is expressed in the achievement of the predicted parameters of changes in the state of regional settlement systems, corresponding to the conditions and requirements of their functioning. The main difference between the proposed methodology and traditional approaches lies in the simultaneous provision of the stability of the formed spatial structures and the innovation of the forms of regional systems due to the activity of local formations.

ПРИНЦИПЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ОБЪЕКТОВ ЭТНОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО ТУРИЗМА С УЧЕТОМ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ НА ПРИМЕРЕ БЕЛГОРОДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The problems of planning the organization of territories and objects of ethnographic tourism, taking into account the landscape features of the regions of the Russian Federation, in particular the Belgorod region, are relevant. The study developed regional principles for planning ethno-tourist spaces on the example of the Belgorod region. The object of research is the territories favorable for the development of ethnographic tourism objects within the Belgorod region, the subject of research is the influence of regional historical and cultural features on the formation of ethnographic tourism territories.
 As a result of the study, based on the analysis of world and national experience in the design of ethnographic tourism objects, their typological and historical-cultural analysis, the principles of organizing ethnographic tourism objects were developed. These principles take into account such regional features of the cultural landscapes of the Belgorod region, as the principle of preservation of the cultural landscape, the principle of authenticity of the recreated environment, the principle of symbolic exposure, the principle of stylistic unity and the multi-level principle. The use of the developed principles will allow us to preserve the identity and originality of the environment, reduce anthropogenic pressures on valuable landscape areas, increase information content and determine the gradual immersion in the concept of a tourist site.

The impact of long-term construction subjects and industrial areas on the geoecology of cities and development of depressed urban spaces

The matter of formation of depressive territories as well as their environmental impact and impact on the urban system environment is considered in this article. Such territories traditionally include agrarian and industrial, extracting (focal) and old industrial ones. The signs of "depressiveness" are the following: availability of the abandoned, destroyed or half-ruined structures, having different level of moral and physical deterioration, in the territory. It is noted in the article, that the long decrease in the indicators of quality of the environment is observed on depressive spaces, and that the term "depressive" is used in relation to the spaces in city planning and ecology more and more often. At the same time, as the author specifies in the article, when studying the matter of depressive spaces (especially from the ecological and town-planning positions) they very seldom mention one more version of such spaces, e.i. the subjects of construction in progress (long-term construction subjects). Negative impact of unfinished constructions on the quality of life in the cities has multidimensional character. Some of their aspects emerge at considerable distance from the abandoned buildings. That was the purpose of carried out research of some subjects of construction in progress and the territories adjoining to them. Besides, complex information analysis on the abandoned city buildings, existing in other countries was carried out. According to the received results, the classification of subjects of construction in progress was developed. The stages of their degradation and the impacts on living conditions of urban population, accompanying them, were identified. The need of complex hazard assessment of unfinished constructions as the uncontrollable degrading coupled human-environment systems is proved.

Historical Trends’ Analysis of Urban Planning (on the Example of Siberian Cities

Modern large cities are a combination of many interdependent processes that allow us to establish the laws of their interaction and importance. The relationship between materials, economic, geopolitical, natural structure of a city comes to the fore, since, an imbalance in their functioning can be noted at the cities’ development stage, which directly affects the city comfort. The issue of modern spatial planning, focusing on factors and aspects of urban development, the search for contradictions in relation to traditional models is highlighted in the study. It should be borne in mind that it is impossible to completely exclude traditional methods, and it’s worth focusing on the combination of accumulated experience and innovative means, in order to avoid the formation of depressive territories, peripheral residential areas, a separate dilapidated housing stock, and building logical spatial relationships.

Проблемы судебных споров о статусе территорий общего пользования

The article provides an analysis of judicial practice regarding the status of public realm. The author points out the existence of “wide” and “narrow” approaches to the interpretation of the issue of the formation of such territories and criticizes the “narrow” approach based on the requirement to draw up a site with building lines in the territorial planning documents. According to the author, it is incorrect to make the implementation of subjective public right, including the right to use public spaces, dependent on the execution (non-fulfillment) by an official of formal actions that the holder of rights cannot influence. Information about the building lines should be assessed by the court along with other evidence. In such cases, the court should base its findings on a key feature of public realm: its use by an unlimited number of persons in the common interest.

Space structure features of the Couple’s retreat garden in the context of traditional private gardens of Suzhou

The article is devoted to the study of the Couple’s retreat garden’s spatial elements. The paper considers the history of the territory formation. One of the most important personalities in the history of the garden is Shen Bincheng. It was he who made the estate in the way we know it today. The garden was created under the influence of the Qing Dynasty culture. However, it is very different from other “classical” gardens of the Suzhou city and the Jiangnan region. The planning structure of the garden has been studied in detail. It consists of three sections: Western garden, central district and Eastern garden. The object under consideration is unique, since the garden part is divided into two zones in it, each of which is not large in the area and the center of each site is a stone mountain. The The Couple’s retreat garden can be more attributed to landscape gardens, which are created for the observation from the outside and are not intended for various kinds of interactivity.