Formation Of New Subjectivities Research Articles

The impact of the digital technological revolution on the development of crisis management theory

Purpose: is to identify the main directions of changing the theory of crisis management of companies under the influence of digitalization based on the analysis of technological transformations in the economy and institutional prerequisites.Methods: to achieve the purpose of the study, methods of logical, institutional and statistical analysis of economic phenomena and financial and economic data of industrial and digital companies, economic comparative studies using the provisions of various theories are used. The theoretical basis of the research is the synthesis of the theory of technological revolutions by Perez C., the new institutional economic theory, the concept of scientific research programs by Lakatos I.Results: the formulated hypotheses of the study on the need to change the «protective shell» of the theory of crisis management under the influence of factors of the digital transformation of the institutional economy are proved. The changes are associated with the formation of new subjects – digital companies, the transformation of the nature of crises and anti-crisis tools in the context of the digital revolution. The institutional nature of business crises in the context of technological revolutions has been established, due to the discrepancy between the speed of development of the economic institutions and technologies.Conclusions and Relevance: the digital revolution is having a significant impact on business. Its adaptation to digital technological conditions requires the development of the new and improvement of existing institutions. These changes challenge the theory of management, which must adapt its basis to the new technological needs of the business. Сrisis management plays an important role in this: the rapid development of digital technologies is accompanied by the crisis factors, the nature of most of which is institutional in nature. However, to date, despite the obvious need, the directions of transformation of the theory of crisis management have not been determined at the scientific and theoretical level. According to the results of the study, the key artifacts of the digital economy have been identified that determine the directions of transformation of the theory of crisis management by transforming its «protective shell». The institutional nature of the prerequisites for such a transformation is proved. The results of the study determine the future directions of the development of the theory of crisis management.

New Subjects of Constitutional Law in the Digital Age

The development of modern public relations shows the formation of new subjects of constitutional law, since the content of mutual relations between them is increasingly moving into the digital space, where updated constitutional values arise. The current legal regulation is much more conservative and cannot respond to the rapidly developing relations in this area in a timely manner. Indirectly it can be confirmed by the fact that the programmatic regulation is gaining popularity when the state is trying to influence or at least predict the future through projects, plans, complexes of planned activities, etc. In this regard, theoretical approaches are proposed to optimize classical legal regulation. The main purpose of the paper is the application of the author’s theory of relations of subjects of constitutional law to assess public relations through establishing the presence of new subjects and conditions for their mutual influence. The expediency of this activity is due to the desire for subsequent proposals of a theoretical nature in order to develop a system of legal and regulatory framework. The list of tasks of the work is determined by those spheres of public relations that are selectively considered in the paper, namely high-tech medicine, the Internet space, the system of education and upbringing of youth, ensuring and protecting human rights in the electoral process, etc. Of course, this list is not exhaustive. The author analyzes phenomena regulated by law and that take place in foreign countries and the international practice of transnational corporations. This indicates the use of a comparative legal method. The key result of the conducted research is the proposal to revise the established rules for the analysis and systematization of public relations implemented in the digital space or otherwise related to it. Regulatory legal regulation should also be reoriented to this.

The system of subjects of intellectual property law in the conditions of the cyberspace formation

The article is devoted to identifying the system of subjects of intellectual property law in the conditions of the formation of cyberspace. The topic of the article covers the subject composition of intellectual property legal relations. The purpose of the article is to define the system of subjects of intellectual property law, taking into account the virtual and digital aspect.
 The research methodology consisted of a system of general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge. The application of the dialectical method has made it possible to establish that digital law is developing as a complex institution that gravitates towards private law. Thanks to the use of the formal legal method, it has been stated that the author and co-authors have the right to create their own virtual identity in the digital environment, which can be the object of intellectual property legal relations, in particular copyright. Based on the application of methods of analysis and synthesis, it has been determined that modern subjects of intellectual property law are divided into primary, derivative and auxiliary.
 It has been proven that the development of cyberspace has a direct impact on the formation of new subjects of intellectual property law. The author in cyberspace has the right to: create their own virtual identity, which will be the object of intellectual property legal relations; to place their own results of creative, scientific, intellectual work. Derivative subjects of intellectual property rights are persons who acquire property rights to the already created, existing result of creative, intellectual, scientific work in a material and/or virtual environment. Auxiliary subjects of intellectual property law perform an auxiliary function regarding the implementation of state intellectual property policy, creation of an object of intellectual property law, registration of property rights to these objects, stimulation of creative activity, and more.
 The results of the article can be used in scientific works in the field of intellectual property law, as well as by lawyers when identifying the subject structure of intellectual property legal relations.
 It has been concluded that there is an actual problem of identification of the virtual author, the relationship of virtual identity with a real person, the place of digital law research in the legal system, in particular, it is proposed to determine it by the institute of intellectual property law.

Principle of equality of subjects of land ownership: problems of legal regulation

The formation of new subjects of land ownership in Ukraine undoubtedly requires the formation of a modern mechanism for legal support of such entities, coordination of their interests both among themselves and with state and self-governing institutions that ensure land protection and protection of land rights property. Therefore, at the present stage of reforming land ownership relations, the content of the principle of equality of subjects of land ownership acquires special significance. The presented work analyzes the relationship between land ownership of the Ukrainian people and other subjects of ownership, the results of which concluded that the principle of equality can not be applied to the Ukrainian people as a subject of land ownership because the ownership of the people applies to all lands within the state border of Ukraine. The article develops the provisions of scientific research that considers the right of ownership of the land of the Ukrainian people as a primary and absolute right that applies to all lands of Ukraine. The peculiarities of exercising the right of ownership within certain forms are also revealed, which differs in a number of key criteria: functional purpose, mechanism of acquisition and realization, order of termination. Therefore, it is concluded that the subjects of land ownership (certain legal forms) have a slightly different scope of rights in the exercise of certain powers, due to the different level of public and private interests. Considerable attention is paid to the equality of subjects of land ownership, which is realized through legal mechanisms of protection of property rights, and is reflected at the level of the Constitution of Ukraine on protection of rights of all subjects of property rights, inadmissibility of illegal deprivation of property Code of Ukraine, on non-interference of the state in the exercise of citizens, legal entities and territorial communities of their rights to own, use and dispose of land. Attention is paid to ensuring the right to protection of land, which applies equally to all subjects of land ownership.

МОЖЛИВОСТІ ДІДЖИТАЛІЗАЦІЇ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД І СМАРТ-СПЕЦІАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЇХ РОЗВИТКУ В УМОВАХ РЕФОРМИ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ

The directions, levers of expansion of digitalization of spheres of activity of territorial communities and local self-government bodies in Ukraine, which in the conditions of reforms of decentralization and administrative-territorial system received a considerable volume of powers, considering available technological, institutional, financial preconditions, are investigated. The experience of local self-government bodies in expanding the range of application of digitalization of territorial communities for their smart specialization and finding sources of funding for digital infrastructure development projects is studied. Thus, a significant proportion of them plan to create e-registers of their resources (human (demographic), natural, land, real estate, business, recreational and tourist, etc.) for a number of reasons: i) as a result of administrative reform (consolidation of the district network) there is a need for redistribution between district councils of reorganized districts (490 units before) and consolidated newly created ones (136 units now); ii) decentralization reform continues with the redistribution of powers between local executive bodies and district councils and between them and the united territorial communities in the newly created districts; iii) the process of transformation of project territorial communities (1473 units) into united territorial communities by creating new ones or joining existing united territorial communities is still underway; iv) powers are redistributed between the new bodies of local self-government and territorial subdivisions of the central bodies of executive power within the framework of their transformation into bodies according to the type of prefectures (for control of observance of the legislation). Difficulties of succession of legal entities with the transfer of property, land exist due to the fact that new self-government bodies were created after the local elections of October 25, 2020, and legislation on succession has not been adopted (exists in the status of the draft Law of Ukraine), while changes to the Budget Code of Ukraine with the new administrative-territorial structure of Ukraine and the formation of new subjects of power at the level of united territorial communities have been introduced by law. The digitalization of the territorial communities is also particularly important during the COVID-19 pandemic, when sectors that meet the basic needs of modern man are moving online, minimizing the need to leave home to live, do business and be productive.

Application of Digital Technologies in the Sphere of Corporate Relations

The aspects of the formation of the development of digital technologies and their role in jurisprudence and economics, the impact on the formation of new subjects of legal regulation, including in the field of corporate relations, are considered. The application of smart contracts to ensure security in the field of corporate relations is analyzed. It is concluded that there is a connection between the level of distribution of smart contracts and the economic feasibility of its technical services and applications.

Cuban Realism, or the Novel as a Democratic Fiction: Abilio Estévez’s Los palacios distantes

In the last decades, attention to post-Soviet Cuban fiction has often intimated that this body of literature is the aesthetic counterpart to socialism’s exhaustion and that its narrative is likely to follow a telos of disenchantment. This article argues that counter to such a paradigm and in the wake of the Special Period, Cuban fiction registers the formation of new subjectivities as it opens a space for a new politics through a non-mimetic form of realism that points to writing’s democratic capacity. Taking as an example Abilio Estévez’s 2002 novel Los palacios distantes, this article points to the novel’s suspension of dystopian causality and argues that textual interruptions in the novel afford the repartitioning of the limits of the sayable, visible and possible with respect to socialist ideology. This article draws attention to the politics of aesthetics in post-Soviet Cuban fiction, while also attributing this politics of form to the broader relation of aesthetics to politics.

Pedagogies of Non-self as Practices of Freedom

This paper assumes that educators are now involved in a struggle for their souls and for the souls of their students. The idea of the soul in this case is not the religious one, but the soul invoked by Foucault (1977) to name that aspect of self, (subjectivity, psyche) that ‘exists, or is produced … within the body … or born … out of methods of punishment, supervision and constraint’ (p. 29). Neoliberalising social policy not only aims to transform structures and enact new technologies of control but also involves the transformation of values and cultures, and hence the formation of new subjectivities. With that in mind this paper argues for an education understood as experiments with alternative modalities of self-formation (spirituality) that are responsive to the key challenges of our times. The paper experiments with as aphoristic style and hence is structured through six fragments that provide various takes on this problematic, including: an autobiographical moment; a brief rendering of Foucault’s genealogy of the relationship between truth and the subject; Hadot’s genealogy of philosophy; various definitions of spirituality; and an account of Buddhist epistemology that distinguishes knowing and realization. The paper concludes by arguing for a Buddhist inspired pedagogy that is defined in terms of the relationships between teacher, student and realization. From such a perspective, it is not identity work that is the ethico-political project of our times, but of learning how to quite literally get free of our self (ego).

Angry youth or realistic idealist? The formation of subjectivity in online political participation of young adults in urban China

This article examines the formation of Chinese young people’s political subjectivity through exploring their everyday online political participation. Drawing on qualitative data collected from 31 Chinese young people, it identifies three dispositions apparent in their online participatory activities in different circumstances: ‘angry youth’, ‘powerless cynics’, and ‘realistic idealists’. Reflecting their accounts of these participatory activities, these dispositions as manifestations of subjectivities are shaped by the contingent participatory circumstances of the young people and are connected to their previous history of participation. Their online political participation serves as a vehicle for the formation of their subjectivity in the distinctively Chinese context. In this way, the internet facilitates the formation of the subjectivities of young people by providing a space for them to interact with other collective subjectivities, enabling a new form of engagement within which the formation of new subjectivities can develop.

Art and the Subject in Revolutionary Cuba

This paper explores the ways in which alternatives to capitalist social relations have manifested themselves in the cultural field in Cuba. Its approach is consistent with Don Mitchell's insistence on a “focus on the material development of the idea (or ideology) of culture”(1995: 102), insofar as culture is considered a central part of the ideological development of the Revolution. Cuba's multifaceted conception of culture is not confined to the field in which creative endeavours are undertaken. Creative activity is understood as a process of social production, with human happiness as its end product, which implicates culture in both education and emancipation. While considering the formation of new subjectivities through culture, this paper elaborates the huge effort that was made by the revolutionary government to ensure that both culture and creativity were accessible to all. In the process, it offers a glimpse of ways in which the traditionally discrete categories of artist and audience have been redefined.

A Discourse Analysis of Denmark’s Public Health Policy Concerning Overweight among Pregnant Women

A recent Danish public health report classified being overweight during pregnancy as a chronic disease, marking a discursive shift from its previous classification as a risk factor for complications in maternal and foetal health. This discursive shift is considered a breach in the discursive field. Health care professionals’ approach to governing overweight pregnant women is affected by this breach in the discursive field. Thus, overweight pregnant women have become an issue for medical experts, who are encouraged to use stricter rhetoric when addressing them. This shift also renders pregnant women subject to interventions by medical experts. The aim of this article is to critically analyse recommendations for how health professionals should govern these high-risk individuals and to discuss the implications of such governance for overweight pregnant women. In this study, overweight is classified as BMI ≥ 30 and severe obesity is classified as BMI ≥ 35 on the basis of pre-pregnancy weight. The theory of social construction and the concept of governmentality are applied in a discourse analysis of the prevention of overweight among pregnant women in Denmark. Using a discursive approach, this study analyses central governmental documents that discuss obesity prevention. Three forms of freedom (as discipline, as solidarity and as autonomy) are transferred to three forms of governing and constitute the conceptual framework. The main finding is that public health programmes encourage governing through solidarity, including a palette of autonomy-making, responsibility-making and disciplinary technologies, to promote physical health. Public health programmes conjure an image of overweight individuals as strongly burdened subjectivities. The implications for overweight pregnant women are the formation of new subjectivities, engagement in patient associations, the threat of exclusion from communities and social citizenship and other forms of stigmatization.

The Nation and its Politics: Discussing Political Modernity in the ‘Other’ South Africa

This article is an attempt to reflect on nationalist politics and its accompanying political imaginations in South Africa, in the process questioning the assertion of a single ‘rainbow nation’, by locating the ways in which community is imagined in post-apartheid South Africa. It looks at the ‘other’ South Africa, which has yet to realise the gains of political modernity. For these citizens of South Africa, modernity is but a distant project. Its consequences in most parts of this ‘other’ South Africa have been not only extreme poverty, social marginality or political exclusion, but also the emergence and formation of new subjectivities and collective agency. This article seeks to theorise the modern political subject in the ‘other’ South Africa that has not actively participated in the project of modernity and globalisation. In the process, it seeks also to examine how citizen–subject positions are being constituted – particularly in the interaction between state and non-state actors, as a precursor to a future study of the broader interplay of citizenship, governmentality and political subjectivity in contemporary South Africa.

One Life for Sale: Youth Culture, Labor Politics, and New Idealism in China

In recent years, China's labor market deregulation and increasing unemployment and underemployment have hit Chinese youth particularly hard. How are Chinese urban youth responding to these new labor conditions? This article argues that they are not only creating new forms of work by engaging in affective labor but also creating a “new idealism”—a sense of hope for their future rooted in commercial activity and conditioned by state supervision that results in the formation of new subjectivities. This article provides a close reading of Chen Xiao's story, a young unemployed college graduate who started to sell her “remaining life time” online in 2008. For a small fee, Chen would do whatever her clients requested within reason, and she blogged about her daily activities. Her services, especially her charitable activities, aroused much public attention and inspired imitators nationwide. I contend that selling remaining life time should not be ignored as ephemeral “fast-food” popular culture or assumed to be an escapist tactic of the youth. Instead, it is a creative experiment that young urban Chinese adopt to confront their present realities: precarious employment conditions, unfulfilled social value, unraveled solidarity, and uncertain self-worth. The allure of selling remaining life time lies in its capacity to reconcile the seemingly incompatible discrepancies between the market economy's need to profit from engaging workers' subjectivities, the state's desire to produce depoliticized yet self-enterprising citizens, and the individual's desire for meaningful work and life. Ultimately, Chinese youth developed a “new idealism” that enables them to imagine and create a viable social order that fits within China's unique labor context. However, this idealism is problematic, as it fails to directly address structural inequalities and fails to acknowledge the fact that youths' novelty has become the new engine of future capitalist accumulation in postreform China.

Louise Bourgeois’ Technologies of the Self

ABSTRACTIn this article, I demonstrate how Louise Bourgeois used her artworks not only to better understand herself but also to cultivate a self capable of taking control of and reshaping the material of her past. Exploring her artworks in the context of Michel Foucault's understanding of technologies of the self, I both contribute to the appreciation of Bourgeois’ work and show how visual artworks can be used to understand, cultivate, and transform aspects of the self. Foucault's understanding of our subjectivity, as formed and deployed by power tactics, suggests the need for the formation of new subjectivities as a tactic of resistance. While his view of subjectivity as contingently created allows for the possibility that it could be different, his understanding of the conditions of its creation in terms of power tactics seems to constrain the possibilities for alternative subjectivities. I argue that artworks can help us understand the contingency of our subjectivity and illustrate how something new can be created out of existing conditions, in ways that may disrupt those very conditions. Further, in addition to bringing us to an awareness of the possibility of creating new subjectivities, artworks can directly contribute to this process for both artists and audience members. Turning to Foucault's own understanding of Stoic writing practices as a means of knowing and controlling the self, I use Bourgeois’ work to illustrate how artworks can operate as technologies of the self, which work directly on the self, extending Foucault's understanding of the role of writing to consider the particular contribution that visual artworks can make. I explore how the visual form, sculptural medium, and materials of Louise Bourgeois’ works contribute to their operation as technologies of the self which can allow one to relate to oneself differently.

Construction of consent: Everyday life and spatial strategies of neoliberalism

In this paper the authors analyze the neoliberalism through its spatial strategies in daily life. We assume that, despite the fact that it is impossible to find a consistent theoretical determination of neoliberalism and that there is no unique strategy of the application of neoliberal practices, hegemonic discourse of neoliberalism is articulated through the urban practices which in daily life are imposed as something ?natural?, as a ?normalizing? discourse - as hegemonic common sense. Furthermore, the authors provide evidence for the hypothesis that global presence of gentrification as a key spatial strategy of neoliberalism is a strategy for the renewal of the urban geography of class power as well as the presupposition for future class conflicts. Neoliberalism signifies radicalization of theoretical assumptions of classical liberalism and reproduction of them in everyday life, through the strategies and practices of established social relations. In conclusion, it is stated that this self-reproduction of neoliberalism has simultaneously influenced the erosion of class subjectiveness as well as other forms of traditional collective subjectivenesses and contributed to the possibility of the formation of new subjectivities of resistance.

<b>Pétalas de sangue: natureza, violência e redenção no Quênia pós-colonial

This paper analyzes the process of domestication of the African natural environment, as portrayed in Kenyan writer and critic Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s Petals of Blood (1991), in order to understand how the novel represents the relation between cultural domination and the economic exploitation of the land and the work force, carried out by the British in Kenya, and detect, in the characters’ trajectories, the existence or not of forms of agency capable of minimizing the impacts of colonialism. My claim is that the novel builds a dialectics between violence and redemption, woven in the narrative through the formation of new subjectivities and the asymmetrical co-existence of different modes of life, to which the natural environment presents opposed values.

Transgressing urban utopanism: autonomy and active desire

.It has been extensively argued by theorists of liberal globalization as well as by radical theorists such as situationists and anarchists that as the site of the concentration of capital, the city is the primary site for the formation of new subjectivities, new rights‐claiming practices and the intensification of resistance as the starting point for an alternative, inclusionary urban citizenship. This article contends that by dismissing or separating rural and agricultural practices, such theories express a contradiction that can best be understood not as a struggle between rural and urban utopias, but between two different approaches to utopianism – hegemonic, associated with statist practices; and critical, associated with autonomous practices. The article considers emergent free spaces within the UK, including intentional communities, autonomous social centres, radical housing co‐operatives and eco‐villages, both in urban and rural areas, as specific instances of materialized utopias that are becoming autonomous, allowing us to think beyond dominant spatial formations by offering alternative futures whilst simultaneously engaging in resistant practices in the present. Voices of interviewed practitioners and observations of practices in these spaces are brought into dialogue with theory, highlighting gaps and weaknesses and opening space for further theorizing and new imaginings. This offers possibilities for a critical‐autonomous conception of utopianism that does not take existing spatial formations for granted.

The entrepreneurial researcher: Re-formations of identity in the research marketplace

This article seeks to consider the nature and impact of managerialism on Higher Education with particular reference to research. Managerialism will be addressed here primarily as a transmission system of economic rationalism into the body politic of the university, by that it is meant that competitiveness is assumed to improve performance and only the financial calculation of benefit is recognised. This agenda is developed through consideration of the changing management of research work and draws on the wider literature on work and organisations to look at the impact of changing material conditions and social relations on the identity formation of researchers. In general, the article seeks to promote reflexivity both in the style of presentation and in the focus on research and managerialism in Higher Education. The salience of Barry Troyna's strictures about reflexivity (Troyna, 1994) is acknowledged but it is suggested that if we seek to understand how the values and cultures of the public sector are being transformed, in particular through the formation of new subjectivities, then our own experience as workers within higher education offers a valuable and useful resource. It is also possible that subjecting this process to self-critical scrutiny may alert us to its invidiousness and so assist in the retrieval and re-formation of alternative formations of research work. For some of us, including the author, this may extend into consideration of the effects of managerialism on our own identities as managers and on our own management practice.

School Knowledge for the Masses: World Models and National Primary Curricular Categories in the Twentieth Century.

Part 1 The worldwide institutionalization of primary school curricula: background - a perspective on the curriculum sand curricular research description of the curriculum database and the methodologies employed knowledge for the masses - world models and national curricula, 1920-1986 the origins and expansion of primary school curricula - 1800-1920 variant forms - cases of countries with distinct curricula. Part 2 Studies of specific subject areas: language instruction in national curricula, 1850-1986 - the effect of the global system a comparative and historical analysis of mathematics and science curricula, 1800-1986 the evolution and organization of the social science curriculum values education in the curriculum - some comparative empirical data the formation of new subjects in mass schooling - 19th century origins and 20th century diffusion of art and physical education conclusion - accounting for a world curriculum.