Formation Of Intestinal Microbiota Research Articles

Formation of the infant's intestinal microbiota depending on the delivery method: long-term consequences and correction options: A review

Many studies have been devoted to human microbiome. It has been shown that the microbiome has a significant effect on almost all the vital functions of the host organism. The article addresses the role of various factors in newborns' intestinal microbiota formation. The main emphasis was on the delivery method since the intestinal microbiota of children born via vaginal delivery differs from those born by cesarean section. The microbiota of the mother's intestine and vagina greatly influences the formation of the intestinal microbiome. The delivery method affects not only the formation of the intestinal microbiota but also, indirectly, the development of the newborn's immune system. Changes in the intestinal microbiota associated with surgical delivery probably affect the formation of a newborn infant's immune system. Lack of colonization by the mother's flora during delivery may contribute to a greater risk of infectious and non-communicable diseases. Correcting the microbiota of children born by cesarean section using probiotics (mono- or multistrain probiotics) is essential. When prescribing a probiotic, it is important to choose a well-studied strain shown to be safe, with a positive experience in newborns, and approved for use in children from birth.

Modern View on the Formation of Intestinal Microbiota in Children of the First Year of Life

During pregnancy, the maternal microbiome influences the development of the fetus and generally creates the prerequisites for the formation of the infant microbiome. Currently, the study of external factors on the formation of the microbiome, including the influence of the mother's microbiome on the formation of the infant's microbiome, remains relevant. The purpose of this review: to provide up-to-date data on the development of the intestinal microbiota of a child at the early stages of its formation and the factors influencing this process. Research of publications were conducted in search engines as PubMed, eLibrary.ru, Google Scholar. The selection of publications was carried out in accordance with the purpose of the review. We analyzed current data on the infant gut microbiome and concluded that the infant gut microbiome is affected by maternal age, maternal overweight, obstetric history, gestational age, mode of birth, work performed during pregnancy, place of residence, diet during pregnancy and lactation, illness and antibiotics. All these factors affect the state of the maternal microbiome itself and affect the microbiome of the child through breastfeeding. The intestinal microflora of the newborn is largely dependent on the state of the mother's microbiome, it is mainly through breast milk. The microbes of our body control all life processes, as well as the stability of the internal environment.

Profiling intestinal microbiota of Metaplax longipes and Helice japonica and their co-occurrence relationships with habitat microbes

Intestinal microbiota plays key roles in maintaining the health and homeostasis of the host. However, information about whether the formation of intestinal microbiota of wild aquatic animals is associated with habitat microbes is not fully understood. Here, intestine samples were collected from two wild crab species and sediment samples were collected from the habitat environment. The total DNA of each sample was extracted, and the V3–V4 regions of 16S rRNA were sequenced using the MiSeq platform. The purpose of this study was to investigate the composition and diversity of intestinal microbiota and habitat microbes, and bacterial community relationships between wild crab intestine and habitat sediment. In the present study, the composition and diversity of intestinal microbiota of the two crab species were different from the habitat microbes. In contrast, a similar composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota were observed between two crab species. Moreover, the bacterial community relationships between crab intestine and habitat sediment were associated with intestinal regions. Further network analysis revealed that the network structure of the intestinal microbiota was not only associated with intestinal regions, but also with the crab species. Additionally, although the compositions of bacterial functions were similar between crab intestine and sediment, no significant correlation in bacterial functions was observed between crab intestine and sediment. The findings of the present study would contribute to understanding the relationship between intestinal microbiota of wild aquatic animal and habitat microbes, and providing new insights into the intestinal microbiota of wild aquatic animals.

Роль пробіотиків у формуванні мікрофлори в дітей, що вигодовуються штучними сумішами

У статті представлені сучасні уявлення про значення грудного молока в процесі первинного бактеріального заселення травного тракту в дітей. Відображено особливості девіації становлення мікробіоти кишечника при вигодовуванні дітей штучними сумішами і ризик виникнення асоційованих із мікробіотою порушень стану здоров’я у дітей. Представлені докази профілактичної дії бактерій Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, що запобігає виникненню гострих інфекційних захворювань респіраторного і травного тракту і алергічних захворювань.

The Experience of Using Fermented Milk Formula Supplemented with B. lactis (BB12) in Infant Nutrition

It’s generally known that early switching over to formula feeding leads to a number of long-term problems associated with functional disorders of the immature gastrointestinal tract and intestinal microbiota. Despite the ongoing process of compositional improvement of baby formula realized by manufacturers, it is not always possible to find the proper formula included basic functional ingredients. We have evaluated the efficacy of fermented milk formula for infants and studied its effect on the composition and formation of intestinal microbiota. The study included children under the age of 4 months being formula-fed by the studied fermented milk formula. The control group included children receiving standard infant milk formula. While taking fermented milk formula, the reduction in the incidence of intestinal colic, and normalization of defecation are stated in all children with functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. It is shown that feeding by fermented milk formula leads to elimination of imbalances in intestinal microbiota (the ratio of opportunistic and bifido-/lactoflora), and helps to improve the concentration of secretory IgA in the feces.

Changes in Korean Adult Females’ Intestinal Microbiota Resulting from Kimchi Intake

Intestinal microbiota can be changed by diet and its composition is directly related to an individual’s health. In the present study, the effects of kimchi as a synbiotics on adult females’ intestinal microbiota were examined. One hundred male and female study applicants were invited to apply; of those 12 females met the study criteria and were chosen as study participants. The 12 females were divided into a low kimchi intake group (15 g/day, 15% of the average Korean daily kimchi intake) and a high kimchi intake group (150 g/day) based on the amount kimchi intake, and they were provided with boarding for 7 days. To analyze the intestinal microorganisms, feces samples from 12 female participants were obtained. The 16S ribosomal RNA genes of the microorganisms in those samples were examined using customized microarray chips to identity 702 species of intestinal microorganisms in 17 phyla. In the high kimchi group, the percentage of 16 species of microorganisms, including Gammaproteobacteria containing many pathogenic microorganisms decreased to less than half the percentage and the percentage of 18 species microorganisms, including 6 species of kimchi-dominant fermenting microorganisms, such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides, increased to at least twice. Changes in the intestinal microbiota based on kimchi intake were examined hourly for 7 days using quantitative real-time PCR. Among the 12 species of kimchi-dominant microorganisms, 3 species of lactic acid bacteria, including Leuconostoc mesenteroides, increased in the high intake group. These study results indicate that kimchi intake affected the formation of intestinal microbiota. Although personal differences were observed in the individual participants, kimchi was shown to affect the formation of intestinal microbiota and to be beneficial as a healthy synbiotics.