Modern View on the Formation of Intestinal Microbiota in Children of the First Year of Life

Abstract

During pregnancy, the maternal microbiome influences the development of the fetus and generally creates the prerequisites for the formation of the infant microbiome. Currently, the study of external factors on the formation of the microbiome, including the influence of the mother's microbiome on the formation of the infant's microbiome, remains relevant. The purpose of this review: to provide up-to-date data on the development of the intestinal microbiota of a child at the early stages of its formation and the factors influencing this process. Research of publications were conducted in search engines as PubMed, eLibrary.ru, Google Scholar. The selection of publications was carried out in accordance with the purpose of the review. We analyzed current data on the infant gut microbiome and concluded that the infant gut microbiome is affected by maternal age, maternal overweight, obstetric history, gestational age, mode of birth, work performed during pregnancy, place of residence, diet during pregnancy and lactation, illness and antibiotics. All these factors affect the state of the maternal microbiome itself and affect the microbiome of the child through breastfeeding. The intestinal microflora of the newborn is largely dependent on the state of the mother's microbiome, it is mainly through breast milk. The microbes of our body control all life processes, as well as the stability of the internal environment.