Formation of the infant's intestinal microbiota depending on the delivery method: long-term consequences and correction options: A review

Abstract

Many studies have been devoted to human microbiome. It has been shown that the microbiome has a significant effect on almost all the vital functions of the host organism. The article addresses the role of various factors in newborns' intestinal microbiota formation. The main emphasis was on the delivery method since the intestinal microbiota of children born via vaginal delivery differs from those born by cesarean section. The microbiota of the mother's intestine and vagina greatly influences the formation of the intestinal microbiome. The delivery method affects not only the formation of the intestinal microbiota but also, indirectly, the development of the newborn's immune system. Changes in the intestinal microbiota associated with surgical delivery probably affect the formation of a newborn infant's immune system. Lack of colonization by the mother's flora during delivery may contribute to a greater risk of infectious and non-communicable diseases. Correcting the microbiota of children born by cesarean section using probiotics (mono- or multistrain probiotics) is essential. When prescribing a probiotic, it is important to choose a well-studied strain shown to be safe, with a positive experience in newborns, and approved for use in children from birth.