Formal Concept Research Articles

Gender differentiation and its connection to linguistics

According to Wilhelm von Humboldt, the founder of the philosophy of language, the formation of objects and concepts in our minds, as well as everything we receive from the outside, is achieved through language. Our understanding of the world is possible through the use of culture and language. That is, if there were no language, there would be no intelligence. Because of the culture and intelligence, we acquire through language, each person exists as a reflection of the prevailing worldview. Each stage of cultural development is connected and comprehended through language. Language is not a tool for describing the known, but a tool for discovering the unknown. The true power of language lies in its constructiveness.

НЕЙРО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ И КОГНИТИВНО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ МЕРЧАНДАЙЗИНГА

This article is of a review and analytical nature and is devoted to the problems of applying modern discoveries of neuroscience (neurobiology, neurophysiology, neuroeconomics) in managing customer behavior. In particular, a multipolar model of customer behavior is proposed, combining the emotional-sensory and cognitive-psychological fields of irrationally rational consumer behavior. The authors found that purchasing decisions by visitors to points of sale can be made at three levels: 1) at the emotional and sensory level, dictated by neurobiological processes and being irrational, which are taken unconsciously during the direct neuro-communication interaction of the product and the visitor in the trading halls; 2) at the level of automatic decisions based on empirical experience that are rational – consciously reflective (objective experience) or irrational - unconsciously reflective (subjective experience), while the constancy of the product’s place in the space of the trading floor is a necessary condition for the formation of experience and the manifestation of such behavior; c) at a high cognitive level based on complex cognitive-psychological processes caused by the need to think about and justify rational decisions. They are aimed at reducing the qualitative, financial or other risk that can cause cognitive dissonance, and visitors are characterized by resistance to merchandising tools used at points of sale. The obtained results make a definite contribution to the development of the theory of neuromarketing and contribute to the formation of the neuro-cognitive concept of merchandising. The main provisions of the article may be of practical importance in applied research in the development of new neuromarketing and merchandising tools.

Pedagoški pristupi koji povezuju muziku i matematiku

The starting point of the publication is considering methods of music education that ephasize an early music stimulation and the possibility of their implementation and integration in the formation and development of initial mathematical concepts. Aspiration to connect two seemingly incompatible disciplines, music and mathematic, opens questions whose goal is to find adequate pedagogical approaches that would be in the function of music and mathematics education and achievement, but also the overall development of children. Applying the method of theoretical analysis, a comparison was made among different conceptual approaches, the results of the conducted research and the authors' conclusions. Considering the aforementioned questions, it was concluded that the considered methods emphasize the importance of an early development in the formation of a person and start from the premise that the potential and the environment enable the children to build themselves. Organizing an environment that allows children the freedom by acting through organized and spontaneous activities in kindergarten and school can contribute to children's musical and mathematical development. Connecting musical and mathematical contents with each other, as well as connecting them with everyday activities and setting learning situations in a context that is close and familiar to children, and with the contents of other areas of education and upbringing, provides the basis for successful learning of music and mathematics. Pedagogical implications are contained in aforementioned recommendations for a proper approach to connecting musical and mathematical content and creating a stimulating environment. Future research should be focused on examining and improving the competencies of professionals - teachers and pre-school teachers, which would be in the function of music and mathematics education and achievement, but also the overall development of children.

INCLUSIVE ECONOMY: THE FINANCIAL ASPECT OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION

Introduction. Currently, the world economy is experiencing rapid and significant changes that require new approaches to the development and management of economic systems. One of the important directions of these changes is the concept of an inclusive economy, which tries to ensure equal access to economic opportunities and resources for all members of society, including the least protected sections of the population. An inclusive economy aims to create the conditions under which economic growth and development are accessible and beneficial to all, not just privileged groups. In the conditions of globalization, the need to take into account the financial aspect of an inclusive economy becomes obvious. Global financial markets and institutions have a significant impact on resource allocation, access to capital, and economic opportunity. It is therefore important to consider how financial instruments, policies and strategies can be adapted to ensure greater economic and social inclusion. That is why the financial aspect of an inclusive economy covers access to financial services, including credit, investment, insurance and other financial instruments, which are critical to support economic participation and social integration. It also includes the development of financial policies that help reduce social inequality and improve the living conditions of all citizens. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need to take into account the financial aspect of the development of an inclusive economy in the context of globalization. Results. The presented paper examines the main components of an inclusive economy, the role of globalization in the formation of the modern concept of an inclusive economy. The need to take into account the specifics of the financial aspect of the development of an inclusive economy in the context of globalization is also substantiated. A methodical approach to the development of an inclusive economy, taking into account the financial aspect, is proposed. Conclusions. The financial aspect of an inclusive economy is gaining particular importance in the context of globalization, when financial systems and markets are becoming more and more interconnected and complex. Globalization, on the one hand, opens up new opportunities for economic development and financial investment, and on the other hand, creates challenges that can increase inequality and social gaps. Analysis of the financial aspect of an inclusive economy in the context of globalization allows us to identify key problems and opportunities for improving financial access and equality. This includes assessing the impact of global financial trends on local economies, analyzing the effectiveness of financial instruments and policies, and developing recommendations for creating more inclusive financial systems. Thus, the study of the financial aspect of the inclusive economy in the context of globalization is important for the formation of strategies that will promote economic development, reduce social gaps and ensure sustainable and equal economic growth.

The emergence and historical formation of the morpheme concept in the Azerbaijan language

The emergence and historical formation of the morpheme concept in the Azerbaijan language

Renal distress syndrome in surgery and uronephrology: concept, pathogenesis, basics of prevention and correction

Based on objective criteria of the structural and functional state of the kidneys in various urgent surgical and uronephrological pathologies (peritonitis, pancreonecrosis, intestinal obstruction, urinary peritonitis, acute purulent secondary pyelonephritis) to identify and prove the general pattern of development of renal changes, their influence on the pathogenesis of homeostasis disorders at the organizational level and to form the evidence base of a new symptom complex - renal distress syndrome in surgery and uronephrology; to establish the effectiveness of Remaxol in its correction. Experimentally on 60 mongrel dogs with acute peritonitis, pancreatitis, intestinal obstruction of varying severity, the state of renal function, including detoxification, was assessed based on the assessment of the inflow-outflow difference in the level of toxins and in the parenchyma of organs - the composition of lipids, the activity of peroxidation of membrane lipids and phospholipases. Clinical and laboratory studies included patients with acute peritonitis (48), acute pancreatitis (18), intestinal obstruction (21), acute purulent secondary pyelonephritis (19). Patients with peritonitis (20) underwent standardized therapy (the first subgroup) or with the inclusion of Remaxol (28) (the second subgroup). In the experiment and in the clinic, in acute surgical and some urological diseases with a different nature of the inflammatory process, there is a significant decrease in renal function. The recorded acute renal injury is combined with a pronounced membrane-stabilizing process in the tissue structures of the kidneys, the degree of which is associated with the severity of the disease. In order to correct and stabilize the indicated changes, Remaxol was used. The drug increased kidney tolerance to trigger pathogenetic agents, which improved the functional status of the kidneys. These data confirm the significance of the studied molecular mechanisms in kidney damage in urgent pathology. Experimental and clinical evidence has been obtained for the formation of a new concept - a symptom complex in acute surgical and uronephrological diseases of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space called renal distress syndrome. Renal distress syndrome in surgery and uronephrology is a set of pathological processes of the body, the most important manifestation of which is the progression of endogenous intoxication due to a violation of the functional status of the kidneys as a result of membrane-stabilizing phenomena of organ cells due to oxidative stress and phospholipase activity.

Means of Representing the Concept of “Travel” as a Concept in Russian, English and Chinese Linguocultures

The article is devoted to the features of the use of means of representing the concept of “travel” as a concept in Russian, English and Chinese linguistic cultures. The empirical basis for the analysis were the texts of literary works of Russian, English and Chinese authors of the 18th century. The choice of this period was made due to the absence of intensive globalization in that time, including linguistics, which allows one to speak about the minimal impact of the external environment on the formation of the same concept and the maximum level of reflection in it of the national specifics of the represented linguistic cultures. Fundamentally different linguistic cultures were chosen as the basis for the study: Russian, English and Chinese. The study reveals the need to use an interdisciplinary approach in linguistics, the possibilities of which can be realized through the study of verbal representatives of the concept in question in languages of different structure. The research is using methods of content analysis, comparative analysis, synthesis, and modeling. A comprehensive analysis consisting of three stages was carried out. At the first stage, the categories of the concept were described, denoting journey, end points, means of transportation, units of measurement, which made it possible to identify the semantic volume of the concept, i. e. its core zone. At the second stage, a contextual analysis of additional features of this concept was carried out, which are determined by the peculiarities of the geographical location and social structure of the three countries. At the third stage, the peripheral zone of the concept under consideration was explored, revealing its representation using expressive means. At the end of the study, it was proven that national linguocultural features determine the specificity of the means of representing the concept of “travel” in the works “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow” by Alexander N. Radishchev, “Journey to the West” by Wu Cheng’en and “Robinson Crusoe” by Daniel Defoe.

The Origins of Yugoslav Communist Ideology: Theoretical Authorities and Revolutionary Experience

The article presents a critical examination of the various perspectives on the genesis and underlying factors of the Yugoslav model of socialism. The hypotheses regarding the non-Marxist theoretical origins, which are currently regarded as unproven, are subjected to analysis. In addition, practical experience, particularly the establishment of people’s committees during wartime, which could have contributed to the formation of the original concept, is taken into account. Particular emphasis is placed on the perspectives of Yugoslav Marxists who were instrumental in developing the theory of self-managed socialism. However, the primary factor that compelled them to devise an original conceptual framework was the Soviet-Yugoslav conflict that commenced in 1948. In the context of confrontation with the Stalinist USSR, Yugoslav communists selected elements of practical experience (both Yugoslav and global experience since the Paris Commune) and the ideas of the Marxism-Leninism classics in an anti-Stalinist manner, which largely determined the results of the selection. This enabled the creation by 1950 of a sufficiently coherent system of ideas, which was then tested in the course of practical transformations.

Bases for the formation of models and concepts of social responsibility of enterprises

Introduction. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a multidimensional concept that integrates social, environmental, and economic aspects into the strategy of enterprises. Modern CSR models are gaining importance not only as an ethical obligation but also as a factor of competitiveness and reputation, given the increasing interest of consumers, investors, and society in socially and environmentally responsible business initiatives. Purpose of the article. To establish a theoretical framework for understanding the concept of CSR, systematize approaches to its definition, explore the evolution of CSR, and develop a structured approach to its implementation, considering interdependencies between external and internal factors. Research methods. The study employs a theoretical and methodological approach based on the works of leading scholars. Methods used include abstract-logical (for analyzing the evolution of the issue), theoretical generalization (for uncovering the essence of CSR), as well as observation, comparison, clustering, and economic analysis. Results. The article explores the stages of CSR development, analyzes key principles, models, and approaches for implementing socially responsible activities. The role of CSR in enhancing enterprise competitiveness, building a positive image, and ensuring sustainable development is identified. Special attention is given to the practical aspects of CSR implementation in the context of globalization and growing regulatory requirements.

The algorithm for articulating meanings of entrepreneurship as a social concept

The development of social sciences based on positivism led to a multiplicity of social concepts’ definitions. The study aims to operationalize a constructionist approach to the formation of concepts’ meanings in specific place and time. The study used metadata of articles on entrepreneurship from OpenAlex with the “entrepreneurship as” search syntagm. The resulting sets of authors’ operational metaphors and analogies were analyzed semantically and contextually; social cartography was used to study the distribution of meanings within discourse. The results of the study are: (1) identification and schematic modeling of social concept`s sense as an outcome of discourse consolidation process through basic metaphor detection; (2) the notion explication and schematic modeling of the concept`s meaning as an interplay of complementary tensions within discourse; (3) the construction of a generalized model of articulation and dispersion of the social concept’s meanings based on the interaction of discourse’s metaphors and its tenseness.

СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ФАКТОРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ИСТОРИКО-АНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ КОНЦЕПЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ МЕНТАЛЬНОСТИ

The article analyzes the influence of socio-historical factors on the formation of concepts of the history of mentalities as a direction of historical anthropology – modern philosophy of history, their theoretical and cognitive features. The methodology of this work includes the principles of complementarity, structurality and dialogicality. The following methods were used in the study of the problem field of labor: philosophical hermeneutics, systemic-structural, interdisciplinary. The development of theoretical approaches to historical anthropology as a modern philosophy of history found its manifestation at the stage of the history of mentalities, to which the theoretical approaches formulated in the studies of J. Le Goff made a significant contribution. In their space, ontological, epistemological and axiological factors have been formed, which are important for the further dynamics of historical and anthropological concepts.

Analysis of Formal Concepts for Verification of Pests and Diseases of Crops Using Machine Learning Methods

Analysis of Formal Concepts for Verification of Pests and Diseases of Crops Using Machine Learning Methods

Constructing Knowledge Graph in Blockchain Teaching Program Using Formal Concept Analysis

Constructing Knowledge Graph in Blockchain Teaching Program Using Formal Concept Analysis

Инжиниринг привилегий в задаче построения ролевой политики разграничения доступа

The problem of role engineering is extended by the subproblem of permissions engineering. It is assumed that discretionary access control is specified in the information system. To build a role-based security policy, a technique based on algorithms for formal concept analysis is proposed. Based on the access matrix, a Galois lattice is constructed, the nodes of which are interpreted as possible permissions. Criteria for choosing the optimal set of permissions are determined and a heuristic algorithm for solving the problem is discussed.

A new incremental pipeline for concept formation driven by prior knowledge: Application on the AI Act domain

In the Ontology Learning research domain, despite recent advancements, the performance of current non or semi-supervised approaches for concept formation remains sub-optimal, particularly from a single, small-sized corpus for a specialized domain. In order to answer the performance drawback, this paper introduces a novel pipeline, called CO-ISSC (Core Ontology-based Incremental Semi-Supervised Clustering), for concept formation towards ontology learning. This pipeline uses a PLM (Pre-trained Language Model) and combines in an incremental manner a semi-supervised dimension reduction technique and a clustering technique, guided by core concepts as prior knowledge to align results with the ontology domain. Its incremental nature enhances prior knowledge and boosts its performance. The CO-ISSC pipeline’s performance is evaluated on the recent and significant AI Act text established by the European Union, which aims to ensure the safety, transparency, and non-discrimination of AI systems. To this end, we manually built a benchmark terminology for the AI Act domain given that no reference model exists yet. The results demonstrate promising performance of the CO-ISSC pipeline, outperforming baseline non-supervised or semi-supervised approaches such as DBSCAN, similarity measure based approaches, support vector machines and ANN.

International legal framework of healthcare regulation

Under the influence of economic globalization and demographic changes, healthcare challenges have gradually been integrated into the agenda of international intergovernmental organizations, emphasizing their importance in the socio-economic well-being of the population and sustainable development. Increase in the frequency of new infectious pandemics registration and other global systemic threats has influenced analysis of possible directions for the development of international legal regulation of the healthcare sector in the scientific literature and documents of international organizations. In the presented article, the author systematizes the main threats and challenges in the field of health protection and their role in rethinking the concept of human security. The author carried out a comprehensive analysis of global health and global health governance concept formation. The article systematizes the main actors of international relations involved in the regulation of healthcare. Summarizing doctrinal sources, a critical analysis of international healthcare law as a new branch of international law is presented. The article is based on international treaties, resolutions of international intergovernmental organizations, as well as documents of other actors of international relations were studied and scientific studies of national and foreign experts in international health regulation and international health relations. Based on the results of the study, a conclusion is presented on the formation of “international health law” as a new branch of international law. The author systematizes the main sources of “international health law”, as well as a list of the main international actors involved in the regulation of this area.

A survey of LLM-augmented knowledge graph construction and application in complex product design

In the field of complex product design, deploying knowledge graphs (KGs) has become a promising trend due to its strength on exploiting and applying the large-scale, complex, and specialized domain knowledge. In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have also attracted much attention due to their outstanding performance in natural language understanding and generation. However, in the research of complex product design dominated by domain knowledge, few studies involve LLMS and KG at the same time. To fill this gap, we survey 42 articles published in the last four years, focusing on three key questions. The combination of LLM and KG in specific applications in complex product design is deeply discussed. The analysis reveals how these techniques facilitate data collection, design concept formation and design process optimization and proposes a technical framework combining LLM and KG for complex product design domain. In addition, we identify key challenges and propose directions for future research. As an explorative survey paper, this paper provides insightful ideas for implementing more specialized domain knowledge graph in complex product design field.

Venn Diagrams Tasks for Concept Formation in the Elementary School

Opportunities to use Venn diagram tasks for concept formation in elementary school are presented. The results of solving such tasks by students in 3rd and in 4th grade in the online competition "VIVA Mathematics with a computer" organized by the Institute of Mathematics and Informatics of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences were analyzed. An illustration was made with similar tasks from other subject areas, inverse tasks were discussed, the role of computer models for their compilation and the competitions for their distribution.

An Ethics of Sanctions? Attempt and Critique of the Moral Justification of Economic Sanctions

In this article, I raise the question of whether economic sanctions are morally legal. I present the jus ad bellum principles and the Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE) as the theoretical basis for analyzing the ethical foundations of this political instrument. I show that economic sanctions are an instrument of war, that can be morally legitimized through the DDE and the just war principles. Using the example of the EU-sanctions against Russia I show how proponents of the DDE justify the use of economic sanctions and what negative side effects result from their application. From a critical perspective, I want to show that this kind of moral justification is wrong. My critique is based on the assumption that the individual intention of an acting person/government can be misdirected by various external factors. As the groupthink concept illustrates, dissenting opinions are neglected in the consensus-building process. In addition, advisors, experts and employees influence the opinion of government officials to a considerable extent. This leads to the formation of specific moral concepts. This is particularly evident regarding the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine. The Russian government has created its own moral code based on historical events, individual opinions and fantasies of maintaining power. This is contrary to the moral codes of Western states. The difference in moral concepts also results in different intentions to act. These different views make it difficult to evaluate sanctioning procedures as morally good or bad. Consequently, the mere focus on intention is insufficient as an assessment standard for the moral status of an action.

The Secular State: An Epistemological Approach to The An-Na’im’s Political Thought

This article aims to reveal the political thoughts of Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im regarding the concept of a secular state. The material object of this study is An-Na'im's political thought in the form of a secular state concept which is reviewed using epistemology as its formal object. The results of this study explain that: first, the basic assumption of An-Na'im's political thought is a post-secularist worldview. Second, the paradigm is anthropocentric positivism. Third, the framework is constitutionalism, human rights, and citizenship. All these three are used by An-Na'im primarily to make sharia relevant to the context of a modern state. Viewed from an Islamic perspective, the epistemology of An-Na'im's political thought is problematic because after all, post-secularism is still rooted in the principle of separation of state and religion. Making post-secularism a basic assumption is a form of confusion in perspective. Making anthropocentric positivism a paradigm also means placing human knowledge as the main truth. Likewise, framing sharia within the framework of constitutionalism, human rights, and citizenship is a step that has the potential to ignore aspects of the maslahat contained in sharia.