Attachment Formation Research Articles

Non-enzymatic and non-invasive glucose detection using Au nanoparticle decorated CuO nanorods

Non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors have been fabricated using hydrothermally grown CuO nanorods on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates. The sensing performance has been increased by several times after attaching Au nanoparticles with CuO nanorods. The formation of CuO nanorods and attachment of Au nanoparticles were confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study. The Au decorated CuO nanorod electrodes demonstrated glucose sensitivity of 2009 μAmM-1 cm-2, in the linear detection range 5 μM to 1.325 mM, with detection limit of 0.17 μM. Such Au decorated sensing electrodes are highly selective and exhibited long-term stability. Non-invasive glucose detection has been demonstrated using human saliva samples. The sensitivity of the sensor for salivary glucose detection was found to be 1740 μAmM-1 cm-2. Our present study demonstrated the promising use of Au decorated CuO NR electrodes for low cost, non-enzymatic, non-invasive diabetes monitoring application.

Aeromonas hydrophila biofilm, exoprotease, and quorum sensing responses to co-cultivation with diverse foodborne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria on crab surfaces

The effects of dual species interactions on biofilm formation by Aeromonas hydrophila in the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes were examined. High-performance liquid chromatography and liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry were performed to identify N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) molecules secreted by monocultures and dual cultures grown in crab broth. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was performed to observe attachment and biofilm formation. P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens inhibited biofilm formation by A. hydrophila on the crab surface, without affecting their own biofilm-forming abilities. Dual biofilms of S. Typhimurium, L. monocytogenes, or P. carotovorum did not affect A. hydrophila biofilm formation. Exoprotease, AHL, and AI-2 levels were significantly reduced in dual cultures of P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens with A. hydrophila, supporting the relationship between quorum sensing and biofilm formation. Dual-species biofilms were studied in their natural environment and in the laboratory.

“No voice or vote:” trauma-coerced attachment in victims of sex trafficking

ABSTRACTTrauma-coerced attachment (TCA)—often referred to as trauma bonding— has been noted and documented across various abusive contexts. TCA involves a powerful emotional dependency on the abusive partner and a shift in world- and self- view, which can result in feelings of gratitude or loyalty toward the abuser and denial or minimization of the coercion and abuse. The current study investigated TCA in a sex-trafficking context. Former victims of sex trafficking (N = 14) were interviewed for approximately 2–4 h using a semi-structured interview guide. An adaptation of grounded theory was utilized to code the interview transcripts for coercive control tactics, intermittent reward and punishment, and self-reported feelings, responses, and resistance/compliance toward the abuser. Coercive control tactics were present in all 14 narratives; intermittent reward and punishment was present in 10; and TCA emerged in varying severities (i.e., a continuum, rather than a dichotomy, of attachment). In addition to these findings, the current work proposes a systematic framework from which to study TCA, separating the processes involved in the formation of the traumatic attachment (i.e., implementation of coercive control tactics) from the outcomes of those tactics (i.e., dependency and adoption of abuser’s worldview).

Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on Textured Breast Implant Shell Materials

BackgroundBacterial biofilms have been implicated with breast implant complications including capsular contracture and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. The actual mechanisms for either are still under active investigation and are not clear. Due to their increased surface area, implants with textured surfaces may harbor greater biofilm loads than those with smooth surfaces.MethodsBiofilm formation on the outer surface material was compared using implants with various surface areas and roughness, including Natrelle® (Smooth), SmoothSilk®/SilkSurface® (Silk), VelvetSurface ® (Velvet), Siltex®, and Biocell®. The roughness and surface area of each material were assessed using non-contact profilometry. Bacterial attachment (2 h) and biofilm formation (24 h) were evaluated for Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Ralstonia pickettii over nine independent experiments using a CDC biofilm reactor and viable plate counts (VPCs) as well as confocal scanning laser microscopy. VPCs of the textured implants were compared relative to the Smooth implant.ResultsSurface areas increased with roughness and were similar among the three least rough implants (Smooth, Silk, and Velvet) and among the roughest implants (Siltex and Biocell). Overall, VPC indicated there was significantly more bacterial attachment and biofilm formation on the Siltex and Biocell implants than the Silk or Velvet implants, although there were differences between species and time points. CSLM confirmed the formation of thicker biofilms on the implants with rougher surface textures.ConclusionThis in vitro study confirmed that implant surfaces with rougher texture, resulting in more surface area, harbored greater biofilm loads than those with smoother surfaces.No Level AssignedThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Abstract 3559: Galectin-1 upregulates CXCR4 in glioblastoma through upregulation of CXCR4 via NF-κB activation

Abstract Background: Despite aggressive treatment, including surgical resection, radiation and chemotherapy, over 90% of glioblastoma (GB) patients experience tumor recurrence. This may be due to high migratory potential, abnormal angiogenesis, molecular heterogeneity and a strong immunosuppressive environment. An earlier report from our laboratory demonstrated that GB cells express high levels of carbohydrate-binding galectin protein: galectin-1 (Gal-1). However, the role of galectin-1 in GB remains elusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether galectin-1 promotes tumor progression through upregulation of CXCR4 via NF-κB in in vitro GB models. Methods: To investigate the molecular mechanisms of Gal-1 on tumor progression, we used RT-PCR and western blots techniques. Gal-1 was stably over-expressed in the U118 and U87MG cell line. Gal-1 (+/-) sub-clones were assayed for attachment, proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Results: Gal-1 protein expression was assessed in human GB cells. We found increased Gal-1 protein expression in human GB cells and tissue. To investigate the effects of Gal-1 silencing on angiogenesis in vitro, we collected conditioned media from Gal-1-knockdown U118 and U87MG cells then applied this to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) culture to analyze endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Proliferation rate, migrating capability, and tube formation decreased significantly when HUVECs were cultured with concentrated conditioned media from Gal-1-knockdown cells. This data suggests that Gal-1 in GB cells may promote tumor angiogenesis both in vitro and co-culture. Results showed that silencing of Gal-1 in U118 and U87MG cells significantly repressed CXCR4 expression at the mRNA level and protein levels. To further explore the role of CXCR4 in GB cells, CXCR4 knockdown resulted in significant inhibition of cell migration and clonogenic ability in vitro. Thus, Gal-1 might upregulate CXCR4 expression to promote tumor progression. A previous laboratory study indicated that NF-κB promotes cancer cell motility by upregulating CXCR4 expression. Luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the involvement of NF-κB in Gal-1-induced CXCR4 expression in U118 and U87MG cells. NF-κB luciferase activity was significantly decreased in Gal-1-knockdown cells. Moreover, decreased CXCR4 promoter activity and protein expression in Gal-1-knockdown cells were observed. This data indicates that Gal-1 might modulate CXCR4 expression via NF-κB activation. Conclusion: Our in vitro cell culture results suggest that upregulation of galectin-1 and CXCR4 might at least in part explain the aggressive infiltrative biology of GB and the Gal-1-CXCR4 axis may serve as a therapeutic target. Further studies in different animal models are warranted. Citation Format: David Cachia, Rachel Malley, William A. Vandergrift, Sunil Patel, Gabriel A. Rabinovich, Arabinda Das. Galectin-1 upregulates CXCR4 in glioblastoma through upregulation of CXCR4 via NF-κB activation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3559.

결혼이주여성이 경험하는 자녀교육의 실태에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study is to analyze the reality of marriage immigrant women` A total of 320 married immigrant women with children were analyzed for their child-rearing status, relationship with their children, their children`s education problems, and their children`s education satisfaction as sub-factors. Results show that the average number of children is 1 or more, ranging from 0 to 4years and from 7 to 12years. The cost of child care and education is higher than the income level. The relationship with children was high in attachment formation, and the lack of understanding of Korean language and difficulty in contents of curriculum were found in helping children`s homework. The problem of children`s education problems of marriage immigrant women was found to be the problem of unaccompanied children`s bullying(17.2%), child-rearing and private education expenses. The marriage migrant women`s educational satisfaction of children was generally high, however, their satisfaction with their children`s school record and life attitude was low. In Busan area, the higher the age and the marriage year, the higher the satisfaction of child education. Therefore, it is necessary for the marriage migrant women to improve the education satisfaction of their children by expanding the specialized field of multicultural education by developing the interest of community and differentiated customized educational programs.

미주 한인체전 참여자의 참여경험이 지역사회애착과 사회적 연결감 형성에 미치는 영향

미주 한인체전 참여자의 참여경험이 지역사회애착과 사회적 연결감 형성에 미치는 영향

Mechanistic kinetic models describing impact of early attachment between Chlorella vulgaris and polyurethane foam material in fluidized bed bioreactor on lipid for biodiesel production

The fundamental mechanism of early attachment between Chlorella vulgaris microalgae cells and polyurethane foam support material was unveiled prior to the kinetic study and optimization of operational bed packing volume in fluidized bed bioreactor. All aiming to enhance the lipid accumulation for sustainable biodiesel production. The two-step early attachment mechanism was found starting with the short-range Lewis acid-base interaction before the cells migrating toward the surface of support material induced by the electrostatic attractive force. This mechanism was mainly propelled by the chemisorption stemming from the interactions of cell-to-cell repulsion and cell-to-support material attraction. The electrostatic attractive interaction transpired on the surface of support material was also maneuvering the kinetics of formation of early attachment as reflected by the zeta potential trend via the sequence of pH 9 < pH 7 < pH 5 > pH 3. The rapid early attachment formation in pH 5 culture medium in fluidized bed bioreactor had led to the highest weight of attached growth microalgae biomass attainability as opposed to the other pH mediums. By exploiting the pH 5 culture medium, the maximum yields of microalgae biomass, lipid and later biodiesel were harvested from the bioreactor packed with 6% (v/v) of polyurethane foam support material, confirming optimum packing volume. These yields were initially observed increasing with the increase of packing volume due to the increasing surface area of support material; and unfortunately, decreasing after 6% (v/v) of packing volume due to the congestion factor.

Is childbirth-induced PTSD associated with low maternal attachment?

Few studies examined maternal attachment in childbirth-related postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (PP-PTSD). We studied 685 postpartum women, assessing for PP-PTSD, non-childbirth PTSD, maternal attachment, pre-birth, birth, and post-birth factors. Attachment was lower in PP-PTSD than in non-childbirth PTSD and no PP-PTSD. Hierarchical regression showed that PP-PTSD predicted less maternal attachment above and beyond pre-birth psychiatric conditions, acute distress in birth, and lack of breastfeeding. Childbirth-induced posttraumatic stress may interfere with the formation of maternal attachment, warranting screening of at-risk women.

Gene expression of Dio2 (thyroid hormone converting enzyme) in telencephalon is linked with predisposed biological motion preference in domestic chicks

Filial imprinting leads to the formation of social attachment if training is performed during a brief sensitive period after hatching. We found that thyroid hormone (3,5,3′-triiodothyronine, T3) acts as a critical determining factor of the sensitive period in domestic chicks. Imprinting upregulates gene expression of the converting enzyme (Dio2, type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase) in the telencephalon, leading to increased brain T3 content. If systemically applied, T3 facilitates imprinting in aged chicks even after the sensitive period is over. Imprinting is also associated with the rapid development of visual perception. Exposure to motion pictures induces a predisposed preference to Johansson’s biological motion (BM), and those individuals with higher BM preference are more easily imprinted. Here, we examined whether Dio2 expression is also linked with BM predisposition. Chicks were trained by a rotating red block, and tested for imprinting (experiment 1) and BM preference (experiment 2). To examine the time courses of behavioural and physiological processes, Dio2 expression in telencephalon was compared among three groups: naïve control chicks, and chicks trained for a short (0.5 h) or long period (2 h). In experiment 1, higher Dio2 expression appeared in the 2-h group than in the 0.5-h/control groups, but it was not correlated with the individual imprinting score. In experiment 2, a significant positive correlation appeared between Dio2 expression and BM preference in 2-h-trained chicks. Memory priming by T3 is therefore functionally linked to BM preference induction, leading to successful imprinting to natural objects even when they are initially exposed to artificial objects.

The effect of decellularized tissue engineered constructs on periodontal regeneration.

To evaluate the effect of decellularized tissue engineered constructs on cell differentiation in vitro and periodontal regeneration in vivo. Periodontal ligament cell (PDLC) sheets were loaded on polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds and then decellularized. Constructs were assessed for their effect on allogenic PDLC and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation in vitro, as evaluated by gene expression of bone and periodontal ligament tissue markers post-seeding. Expression of MSC marker STRO-1 was assessed by immunostaining. Decellularized constructs were evaluated in a rat periodontal defect model to assess their biocompatibility and tissue integration. Microcomputed topography (μCT) and histological assessment were performed to assess the regenerative potential of the constructs at 2 and 4weeks postoperatively. There was upregulation of bone marker gene expression by PDLCs especially on the 14th day. MSCs lacked bone markers expression, but showed increased collagen I marker expression on day 14. STRO-1 expression by the MSCs decreased over the three timepoints when seeded on decellularized sheets. Histological assessment demonstrated the biocompatibility of the decellularized constructs in vivo. More new attachment formation was observed on the decellularized constructs compared to scaffold only controls. Decellularized tissue engineered constructs are capable of inducing cell differentiation in vitro and have the potential to facilitate periodontal regeneration in vivo.

Characterization and evaluation of graphene oxide scaffold for periodontal wound healing of class II furcation defects in dog.

IntroductionThe 3-dimensional scaffold plays a key role in volume and quality of repair tissue in periodontal tissue engineering therapy. We fabricated a novel 3D collagen scaffold containing carbon-based 2-dimensional layered material, named graphene oxide (GO). The aim of this study was to characterize and assess GO scaffold for periodontal tissue healing of class II furcation defects in dog.Materials and methodsGO scaffolds were prepared by coating the surface of a 3D collagen sponge scaffold with GO dispersion. Scaffolds were characterized using cytotoxicity and tissue reactivity tests. In addition, GO scaffold was implanted into dog class II furcation defects and periodontal healing was investigated at 4 weeks postsurgery.ResultsGO scaffold exhibited low cytotoxicity and enhanced cellular ingrowth behavior and rat bone forming ability. In addition, GO scaffold stimulated healing of dog class II furcation defects. Periodontal attachment formation, including alveolar bone, periodontal ligament-like tissue, and cementum-like tissue, was significantly increased by GO scaffold implantation, compared with untreated scaffold.ConclusionThe results suggest that GO scaffold is biocompatible and possesses excellent bone and periodontal tissue formation ability. Therefore, GO scaffold would be beneficial for periodontal tissue engineering therapy.

Investigating formation of ‘place attachment’ at pasar lama communities, Kota Tangerang

Place attachment as bonding between people-meaningful places) has been researched quite broadly. Part of this interest stems from the awareness that people–place bonds have become fragile as urbanization, increased mobility, and encroaching environmental problems threaten the existence of/and the connections to, places influences sense of attachment in Pasar Lama, Kota Tangerang. Despite its stauts as a Chinatown, the amount of Chinese inhabitant in Pasar Lama is only 1/5 compared to then total number of Native. Therefore an investigation is needed whether the advances of Kota Tangerang and increasing number of people affecting the formation of place attachment at Pasar Lama Communities. The analysis were conducted through eight factors, such as: physical, social, cultural, personal, memories and experiences, place satisfaction, interaction and activity features, and time factor. Qualitative method (ethnography approach) participatory observation and in-depth interview used as the method of research. The informant of this research are the local figure, local citizen, and local authority. Research concludes that the rapid development of Kota Tangerang and the number of citizens do not significantly affect the formation of place attachment, since both communities in Pasar Lama are considered having high attachment. The other factor is, Place Attachment is valued in contribution, a qualitative value instead sheer number of population. These contributions can be seen in the social, cultural and religious aspect based on factors on Place Attachment.

Mineralization Induction of Gingival Fibroblasts and Construction of a Sandwich Tissue-Engineered Complex for Repairing Periodontal Defects.

BackgroundThe ideal healing technique for periodontal tissue defects would involve the functional regeneration of the alveolar bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament, with new periodontal attachment formation. In this study, gingival fibroblasts were induced and a “sandwich” tissue-engineered complex (a tissue-engineered periodontal membrane between 2 tissue-engineered mineralized membranes) was constructed to repair periodontal defects. We evaluated the effects of gingival fibroblasts used as seed cells on the repair of periodontal defects and periodontal regeneration.Material/MethodsPrimitively cultured gingival fibroblasts were seeded bilaterally on Bio-Gide collagen membrane (a tissue-engineered periodontal membrane) or unilaterally on small intestinal submucosa segments, and their mineralization was induced. A tissue-engineered sandwich was constructed, comprising the tissue-engineered periodontal membrane flanked by 2 mineralized membranes. Periodontal defects in premolar regions of Beagles were repaired using the tissue-engineered sandwich or periodontal membranes. Periodontal reconstruction was compared to normal and trauma controls 10 or 20 days postoperatively.ResultsPeriodontal defects were completely repaired by the sandwich tissue-engineered complex, with intact new alveolar bone and cementum, and a new periodontal ligament, 10 days postoperatively.ConclusionsThe sandwich tissue-engineered complex can achieve ideal periodontal reconstruction rapidly.

The importance of early life experiences for the development of behavioural disorders in domestic dogs

Abstract Behavioural disorders are a major reason for euthanasia and sheltering of pet dogs. The prevention and treatment of behavioural disorders requires a better understanding of the underlying causes. Early life experiences, such as maternal care, attachment and socialisation, have long lasting and serious consequences for the behavioural and physiological development of an individual. The complex interplay between these factors is likely to have consequences for the future dog-owner bond and the vulnerability to develop behavioural disorders. Here, we summarise the current literature on the interactions between maternal care, attachment formation, and the sensitive socialisation period and their potential consequences on adult dog behaviour. Based on the findings we highlight gaps in knowledge and provide suggestions for future research which are necessary to formulate recommendations for pet dog breeding and socialisation.

Formation and disruption of bonds between caregivers and institutionalized children.

to understand the perspective of caregivers about the formation and disruption of bonds with institutionalized children. a qualitative research that used as a theoretical framework the Attachment Theory and the Symbolic Interactionism, and the Grounded Theory as methodological framework. Participating in the study were 15 female caregivers of children aged zero to three years, from a child care institution in the south of Brazil, from April to July 2015. three categories were elaborated: "Experiencing the formation of bond and attachment"; "Disrupting with the established bonds and detaching"; "Learning how to work with formation and disruption of bond". we need to think of ways to minimize the negative effects formation and disruption of bonds. In this sense, active listening and the offer of psychological support favor the sharing of experiences and the emotional strengthening of the female caregivers.

In vitro reconstitution of lateral to end-on conversion of kinetochore-microtubule attachments.

During mitosis, kinetochores often bind to the walls of spindle microtubules, but these lateral interactions are then converted into a different binding mode in which microtubule plus-ends are embedded at kinetochores, forming dynamic "end-on" attachments. This remarkable configuration allows continuous addition or loss of tubulin subunits from the kinetochore-bound microtubule ends, concomitant with movement of the chromosomes. Here, we describe novel experimental assays for investigating this phenomenon using a well-defined in vitro reconstitution system visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Our assays take advantage of the kinetochore kinesin CENP-E, which assists in microtubule end conversion in vertebrate cells. In the experimental setup, CENP-E is conjugated to coverslip-immobilized microbeads coated with selected kinetochore components, creating conditions suitable for microtubule gliding and formation of either static or dynamic end-on microtubule attachment. This system makes it possible to analyze, in a systematic and rigorous manner, the molecular friction generated by the microtubule wall-binding proteins during lateral transport, as well as the ability of these proteins to establish and maintain association with microtubule plus-end, providing unique insights into the specific activities of various kinetochore components.

Качество привязанности и способность к эмпатии в подростковом возрасте

We present a review of recent empirical studies of different family factors influencing the development of empathy in children and adolescents that confirm the close relationship between empathy and attachment in adolescents. Parental sensitivity to the child’s condition proves to be the basis for secure attachment and empathy development during adolescence. Parenting style is considered as one of the most important factors influencing the development of empathy and the formation of secure attachment. We describe J. Stern’s conceptual model linking empathy and attachment, and the results of empirical studies confirming this model. Conclusions: the quality of attachment and empathy in adolescents are linked; parenting style mediates and defines this link between empathy and attachment; empathy and attachment have a common phylogenetic ground, that is, parental sensitivity to the child’s moods and needs. Psychoeducation with parents or couples planning to have children should be aimed at developing the ability to form a secure attachment with a child.

Analysing The Concept of Place Attachment in The Context of Spatial Factors: Kuzguncuk, Istanbul

In contemporary globalised cities it has become increasingly important, for those of us who live in monotonous so-called cloned -environments, to find a sense of place we can identify with . When ties between inhabitants and places are disrupted, people are estranged from their neighbourhoods. As a result, not only people’s relations with places are harmed, but also their social relations are affected, leading to isolation, alienation and socio-economic disruption. The causes of these relations are analysed through the concept of place attachment. Since the 1970s, research on place attachment has grown considerably. These studies are mostly focused on sense awareness and affectiveness, with the physical attributes of places accorded lesser attention (Lewicka, 2011). In a similar vein Christopher Alexander (et al, 1977) has asserted that, when studying place attachment, influences associated with human feelings only comprise ten percent of total influences, while the rest derive from the physical characteristics of places. And yet these are the least examined objects of study. In this context, the aim of this paper is to examine more closely the spatial qualities of places in the formation of place attachment. For the study, a long-established neighbourhood of Istanbul, Kuzguncuk , has been chosen to analyse the works of Christopher Alexander, Kevin Lynch, Jane Jacobs and John Montgomery. As a result, a matrix showing the spatial/physical qualities which have allowed the inhabitants of Kuzguncuk to develop a stronger attachment to their neighbourhood will be presented.

The Neurobiology of Attachment: From Infancy to Clinical Outcomes.

Attachment theory was developed by John Bowlby in the 1950s. He defined attachment as a specific neurobiological system that resulted in the infant connecting to the primary caretaker in such a way to create an inner working model of relationships that continues throughout life and affects the future mental health and physical health of the infant. Given the significance of this inner working model, there has been a tremendous amount of research done in animals as well as humans to better understand the neurobiology. In this article the neurobiology of early development will be outlined with respect to the formation of attachment. This article will review what we have begun to understand as the neurobiology of attachment and will describe how the relationship with the primary caretaker affects the infant in a way leading to neurobiological changes that later in life affect emotional responses, reward, and perception difficulties that we recognize as psychiatric illness and medical morbidity.