Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices (IKSP) have gained significant attention over the past decade, moving from the periphery to the forefront of sustainable development discussions. Until recently, there was limited evidence to support the effectiveness of IKSP-based interventions. However, since the early 1990s, research in this field has flourished, resulting in a substantial body of information that addresses various aspects of IKSP. Despite this progress, the field remains in its early stages, and there is a scarcity of reliable sources that can compile and integrate this vast body of knowledge, making it more accessible and valuable. This paper provides a concise and comprehensive overview of IKSP research and assessment, heavily relying on field cases and current theory and practice discussions. By examining thriving agricultural, health, and environmental conservation interventions among indigenous communities in the Philippines, the paper highlights the practical benefits of IKSP. For instance, the Ifugao rice terraces illustrate sustainable agricultural practices, while traditional herbal medicine and integrated health practices demonstrate the value of indigenous health systems. Environmental conservation efforts, such as the Aeta’s fire management techniques and the T’boli’s sustainable fishing practices, further underscore the importance of IKSP. The paper also incorporates a wealth of literature, including research findings from the first, second, and third International IKSP Conferences sponsored by the University of the Philippines, Manila, and the University of Ahmad Dahlan. These findings present critical positions advanced by indigenous peoples, helping to improve the design, delivery, monitoring, and evaluation of research programs for IKSP. The recommendations aim to enhance the integration of IKSP into formal education systems and policy-making processes, thereby promoting cultural preservation and environmental sustainability. By thoroughly synthesizing existing research and practical examples, this paper contributes to the growing recognition of IKSP as a vital component of sustainable development strategies, fostering resilience and well-being in Indigenous communities.