Speech Information Research Articles

Fuser: An enhanced multimodal fusion framework with congruent reinforced perceptron for hateful memes detection

As a multimodal form of hate speech on social media, hateful memes are more aggressive and cryptic threats to the real life of humans. Automatic detection of hateful memes is crucial, but the images and texts in most memes are only weakly consistent or even irrelevant. Although existing works have achieved the initial goal of detecting hateful memes with pre-trained models, they are limited to monolithic inference methods while ignoring the semantic differences between multimodal representations. To strengthen the comprehension and reasoning of the hidden meaning behind the memes by combining real-world knowledge, we propose an enhanced multimodal fusion framework with congruent reinforced perceptron for hateful memes detection. Inspired by the human cognitive mechanism, we first divide the extracted multisource representations into main semantics and auxiliary contexts based on their strength and relevance, and then precode them into lightly correlated embeddings with unified spatial dimensions via a novel prefix uniform layer, respectively. To jointly learn the intrinsic correlation between primary and secondary semantics, a congruent reinforced perceptron with brain-like perceptual integration is designed to seamlessly fuse multimodal representations in a shared latent space while maintaining the feature integrity in the sub-fusion space, thereby implicitly reasoning about the subtle metaphors behind the memes. Extensive experiments on four benchmark datasets fully demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our architecture compared with previous state-of-the-art methods.

WaveVC: Speech and Fundamental Frequency Consistent Raw Audio Voice Conversion

Voice conversion (VC) is a task for changing the speech of a source speaker to the target voice while preserving linguistic information of the source speech. The existing VC methods typically use mel-spectrogram as both input and output, so a separate vocoder is required to transform mel-spectrogram into waveform. Therefore, the VC performance varies depending on the vocoder performance, and noisy speech can be generated due to problems such as train-test mismatch. In this paper, we propose a speech and fundamental frequency consistent raw audio voice conversion method called WaveVC. Unlike other methods, WaveVC does not require a separate vocoder and can perform VC directly on raw audio waveform using 1D convolution. This eliminates the issue of performance degradation caused by the train-test mismatch of the vocoder. In the training phase, WaveVC employs speech loss and F0 loss to preserve the content of the source speech and generate F0 consistent speech using the pre-trained networks. WaveVC is capable of converting voices while maintaining consistency in speech and fundamental frequency. In the test phase, the F0 feature of the source speech is concatenated with a content embedding vector to ensure the converted speech follows the fundamental frequency flow of the source speech. WaveVC achieves higher performances than baseline methods in both many-to-many VC and any-to-any VC. The converted samples are available online.

Privilege and Prejudice: Han Victimhood and Legitimizing Islamophobia in China

Abstract Islamophobia, along with other forms of alt-right discourse and hate speech, is a well-documented phenomenon in the Euro-American world. Despite increasing scholarly attention in the West, however, research on Islamophobia in authoritarian regimes is more limited. Using content analysis of key online Islamophobic accounts, this paper shows that there are two distinct types of Islamophobic narratives in the Chinese cyberspace: a “confessional” narrative attributed to Uyghur authors, and a warning narrative specifically for Han readership, cautioning them about the hidden dangers posed by the Hui. This paper explores how these Islamophobic pieces share a Han-centric gaze where the Han, the majority-dominant group in China today, are placed in both a saviour role in terms of the Uyghurs, and a victim role as underdogs coming under attack from the Hui. The successful assimilation of the Hui has led to suspicion and narratives of betrayal, despite state efforts to promote Hui assimilation as a successful example of ethnic harmony. Whereas the Uyghurs are welcomed and accepted as long as they are willing to admit Han superiority, the Hui are rejected based on their perceived threat to Han dominance.

Implementasi Kebijakan Program Strategis Nasional pada PT. Waskita Karya

This research examines the implementation of PT's National Strategic Program. Waskita Karya specializes in the construction of the Depok-Antasari toll road. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze how PT. Waskita Karya as the implementing agency for the construction of the Depok-Antasari toll road implements the policy, knows and analyzes the supporting and inhibiting factors for implementing the policy, as well as the efforts made to overcome the factors inhibiting implementation. This research was designed using 4 indicator dimensions, namely: communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure. The method used is qualitative-descriptive which produces descriptive data in the form of speech or writing and behavior that can be observed from people or subjects. The techniques used to collect data are: observation, interviews, documents and audio-visual material by testing the validity of the data through the triangulation method based on sources, methods and theories. The informants in this research are: Secretary to the Minister of State-Owned Enterprises, Independent Commissioner of PT. Waskita Karya, Operational Director of PT. Waskita Karya, as well as Nur Afni and Novis Radhyan as community users of the Depok-Antasari toll road. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the obstacle to implementing the National Strategic Program policy in the construction of the Depok-Antasari toll road is land acquisition, which apart from consuming a lot of budget, also wastes time. The problem of land acquisition specifically occurs because there is a lot of overlapping land ownership in the community, so they have to wait for a court decision to determine who actually owns the land rights. Researchers suggest that time space needs to be given to the Land Registration Agency (BPN) to disseminate information to the public about land ownership simultaneously so as not to waste time in implementing policies.

Bentuk Tindak Tutur Ekspresif Tokoh Dalam Novel Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan 2 Karya Asma Nadia

This study aims to describe the forms of expressive speech acts of characters in the novel Heaven Yang Not Missed 2 by Asma Nadia. This type of research is qualitative research. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The data needed in this study is in the form of utterances used by characters in the novel Heaven Yang Not Missed 2 by Asma Nadia. The source of the data in this study is the novel Heaven that is Not Missed 2 by Asma Nadia. The technique of collecting data for this research is that the first technique used in this research is the basic technique of observing free engagement or SLBC. The second is note-taking technique. Third, taking inventory of data related to expressive speech acts in the novel Heaven Yang Not Missed 2 by Asma Nadia. The data validation technique in this study is the triangulation technique. The results of this study are that there are several forms of expressive speech acts in the novel Heaven Yang Not Missed 2 by Asma Nadia, namely in the novel Heaven Yang Not Missed 2 by Asma Nadia.

AI Based Identification of Inappropriate Language

Abstract: In the current digital era, the widespread use of online communication has raised the demand for automated systems that can recognize and block hate speech, improper language, and objectionable information. The usefulness of three different machine learning algorithms—Decision Trees, Random Forest, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and others—in determining if a given text contains objectionable language is investigated in this work. While LSTM and represent state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms capable of processing unstructured text input, Random Forest and Decision Trees are standard machine learning techniques that rely on organized feature engineering. This study compares different algorithms in an effort to shed light on their advantages and disadvantages in dealing with the changing demands of online content moderation. Our results show each model's accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score.

Mapping the scientific knowledge and approaches to defining and measuring hate crime, hate speech, and hate incidents: A systematic review.

Mapping the scientific knowledge and approaches to defining and measuring hate crime, hate speech, and hate incidents: A systematic review.

The secret of speech: Executive extraversion and firm innovation performance based on telephone communication

Innovatively departing from conventional methodologies such as questionnaires, interviews, or text analysis, this study introduces a single-gender speech personality measurement approach to identify extraversion traits in executives from a speech perspective. Central to the research is how executive extraversion influences firm innovation performance. The research samples are derived from the audio recordings of performance conference communication calls held by Chinese listed companies on the Wind 3C conference platform. Through hierarchical regression analysis, empirical results demonstrate an inverted U-shaped relationship between executive extraversion and firm innovation performance (measured by R&D personnel input, R&D expenditure, and patent applications). The study also reveals that situational factors, including the proportion of shareholding by pressure-resistant institutional investors, incentive compensation, and equity concentration, significantly moderate the inverted U-shaped relationship. This research provides compelling evidence of the importance of executive extraversion in firm innovation performance and offers a new perspective on the mechanisms through which executive extraversion influences firm innovation performance. The single-gender speech personality recognition method allows researchers to effectively utilize executives’ speech information in the big data era. The research viewpoint and findings contribute beneficially to the Upper Echelons Theory and offer actionable insights for leveraging executive traits to bolster innovation.

Presentation of a clinical case of the logopenic form of the syndrome of primary progressive aphasia in the onset of Alzheimer’s disease

A description of a clinical case of the logopenic form of the syndrome of primary progressive aphasia in the onset of Alzheimer’s disease is presented. The disease manifested itself in the form of speech and writing disorders, a sharp disorder in labor skills with the preservation of self-service and orientation, affective fluctuations, in connection with which it was supposed to diagnose cognitive functions, psychopathological changes and instrumental research. Differential diagnostics with mental spectrum diseases, various neurodegenerative diseases, vascular lesions of the brain were carried out. However, the nature, as well as the existing features of cognitive impairment and speech impairment of the manifestation of the disease, suggested a logopenic warrant of the PPA syndrome, and the presence of a general cognitive decline and disease progression in a short time was Alzheimer’s disease with an atypical onset.

Research on the application of English short essay reading emotional analysis in online English teaching under IoT scenario

AbstractSpeech‐emotion analysis plays an important role in English teaching. The existing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can fully explore the spatial features of speech information, and cannot effectively utilize the temporal dependence of speech signals. In addition, it is difficult to build a more efficient and robust sentiment analysis system by solely utilizing speech information. With the development of the Internet of Things (IoTs), online multimodal information, including speech, video, and text, has become more convenient. To this end, this paper proposes a novel multimodal fusion emotion analysis system. Firstly, by combining convolutional networks with Transformer encoders, the spatiotemporal dependencies of speech information are effectively utilized. To improve multimodal information fusion, we introduce the exchange‐based fusion mechanism. The experimental results on the public dataset indicate that the proposed multimodal fusion model achieves the best performance. In online English teaching, teachers can effectively improve the quality of teaching by leveraging the feedback information of students' emotional states through our proposed deep model.

Gender Representation in Directive Speech Acts of Teachers: A Study on Indonesian Language Learning in Automotive Vocational High Schools in Pasaman District

This study aims to examine gender representation in directive speech acts of Indonesian language teachers in Pasaman Regency Automotive Department Vocational Schools. Included in the type of qualitative research, this research applies descriptive analysis method. The research data is in the form of directive speech of male teachers and female teachers in Indonesian language learning at SMK Department of Automotive Pasaman Regency. It can be concluded that Indonesian teachers use various forms of directive speech acts, such as directions, orders, and instructions to students. Variants of the use of directive speech acts also show variations between male and female teachers, with three dominant variants commonly used by male teachers and five variants commonly used by female teachers. The results also reveal that female teachers tend to use the speech act of ordering or commanding as the dominant form, although they also show a sense of solidarity by using the speech acts of suggesting and advising. On the other hand, male teachers are more inclined to the direct approach and commanding without preamble. This difference reflects the complexity of the relationship between men's and women's language and thinking in the learning context.

A Map of Students' Language Impoliteness: A Phenomenological Study

Recently, researchers have witnessed an alarming phenomenon related to the violation of language politeness among students. This study aims to describe the map of students' language impoliteness in Indonesia. The research data is in the form of students' speech. The focus of this research is unmannerly speech which is studied by phenomenological study by using Culpeper's impoliteness strategy. The phenomenological steps taken are observation of the phenomenon of impoliteness, formulating problems, collecting data, analyzing data, and preparing reports. The research findings show that students use three politeness violation strategies, namely direct politeness violation, positive politeness violation, and negative politeness violation. The phenomenon found is the strategy of impoliteness by using four forms, namely delivering impolite speech directly, speech uttered based on consideration of the interlocutor, considering the location, and the situation of the conversation between the speaker and the interlocutor. This research can contribute to education, especially for teachers to always educate and guide students to speak politely. With a better understanding of the phenomenon of violations of students' language politeness, it is hoped that appropriate preventive and intervention measures can be taken to minimize the forms of language impoliteness that can be carried out by a teacher or parent.

Research and Development in the Field of Creating Materials, Technologies and Safety Equipment

Technologies for the manufacture of microwave electromagnetic shields based on powdered carbon, foil and composite multilayer materials are presented. Technological methods for their manufacture and shielding properties are described, and the main mechanisms leading to increased shielding properties are considered depending on the manufacturing technology, composition and alternation of composite layers. It is shown that the values of the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range 2–17 GHz for the shields considered reach a value of (–20) dB. Microwave absorbers with a reflection characteristic lower than (–10.0) dB (down to (–52.0) dB) in the frequency band 8.0–12.0 GHz are developed, and the electrophysical parameters, composition and concentration of components of the composite materials for such microwave absorbers are determined. The systems for active protection of speech information that use combined masking signals consisting of “white” noise and speech-like signals as masking signals, along with “white” noise are considered. Criteria have been developed for the approach to selecting speakers and audiences when assessing speech intelligibility to solve problems of protecting speech information and methods for experimental studies of speech intelligibility against a background of masking acoustic noise. Technologies for the formation of nanocomposites based on carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles of ferromagnetic materials are presented to increase the degree of coherence of the spin texture at macroscopic distances, increase the degree of security of electronic products to strong magnetic fields and noise immunity. It has been shown that at certain concentrations of ferromagnetic nanoparticles, micromagnetic parameters increase, ensuring high performance of active elements in magnetic fields. The role of carbon in this case turns out to be decisive. The presented results seem promising for use in the creation of anechoic chambers, partitions for separating indoor zones intended for the location of electronic devices, products for protecting humans from the effects of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range, and the formation of combined masking signals in the form of “white” noise for devices protection of speech information, composite coatings to level out the effects of a constant magnetic field on electronic products.

ŞAGİRDLƏRİN ŞİFAHİ NİTQİNİN İNKİŞAFINDA MONOLOJİ VƏ DİALOJİ NİTQİN NƏZƏRİ ƏSASLARI (Alman dilinin materialları əsasında)

Theoretical Foundations of Monology and Dialogicity of Speech in the Development of Oral Speech Speakers (on the basis of German language materials) Summary It is very important that the development of speech is included in the educational process. In particular, it is important to develop a speech culture when teaching the language in higher educational institutions. When teaching speech culture, you need to focus on two types of speech and make students feel comfortable in both types. Methods of expression, appearance, purpose of communication, conditions, etc. There are a number of features (oral speech, written speech, formal speech, stage speech, public speaking, literary speech, indirect speech, indirect speech, organized and unorganized speech, etc.) that differ in different parameters from each other. In the process of training, a future specialist should gain theoretical knowledge and practical skills in constructing monologic speech and dialogic speech. Key words: skills, monologue speech, dialogic speech, speech development, new technologies

A Socio-Pragmatic Study of Honorific Expressions in ''Pride and Prejudice''

Honorific expressions are mostly common used in literature, specifically in novels. They have occupied an important role within the domain of socio-pragmatic studies of language. They refer to one form of speech that signal social deference, through conventionalized understandings of some aspects of the form-meaning relationship. Honorific expressions have not been studied sufficiently from a socio-pragmatic perspective, particularly in literature. The problem is, therefore, honorifics have not received an adequate analysis and significant attention from a socio-pragmatic perspective, specifically in literary text. Hence, this study attempts to answer the following questions: what is the relationship between honorification and politeness? That is, are honorifics necessarily utilized to indicate politeness or not"? Is there a relationship between the honorific expressions and the sociolinguistic variables like, age, social distance, educational degree and social status in the movie ''Pride and Prejudice''? This paper aims at identifying these honorific forms that are manifested socially and pragmatically with reference to theory of intimacy/status and the theory of politeness. Besides, it attempts to investigate the relationship between the positive and negative politeness strategies and the functions of different categories of honorifics that are used by some public characters in movie 'Pride and Prejudice'. It also sheds light on the effect of different sociolinguistic variables in interpreting and identifying the honorific expressions. The finding of this study reveals that context and other sociolinguistic factors are an effective factors and have an important role in providing a full understanding of the intended meaning of honorific forms. Substantially, this paper shows that how the choice of honorific expressions is utilized differently depending on particular socio-pragmatic aspects.

The rhetoric of torture in Henri Alleg’s La Question

ABSTRACT Drawing essentially on David Spurr’s The Rhetoric of Empire (1993), this article discusses the discursive mechanisms that accompany the practice of torture as described in Henri Alleg’s La Question (1958). Examining the relation between these mechanisms and the broader discourses of colonialism and subjection, it shows that the inscription of colonial power on the injured and dehumanised body of the tortured is paralleled by the verbal denigration of these victims, reduced to a state of infantilism or, worse, animality, through verbal reflexes such as animalistic adjectives and tutoiement – a form of speech which consists in the use of the singular form of the second person (you) and which is usually reserved for children and those deemed not worthy of respect. More importantly, it argues that, rejecting both the victim status and the dehumanisation to which his jailers attempt to reduce him, Alleg shapes his own empowering rhetorical strategies, in turn debasing the torturers, ridiculing them, or mocking the colonial myths of chivalry and racial superiority. Instead of the latter, Alleg proposes a discourse of humanism and interracial brotherhood that conquers the violence he endures.

Analysis Of Politiety Principles In Zenius Indonesian Learning Videos In The Playlist “It's CLEAR!”

Language politeness is something important in the communication process. The principle of politeness is everything related to the rules in speech acts. In this case, the principle of politeness has a very important role so that communication goes well and can be accepted by the speech partner so that both speakers are able to understand the topic being discussed. The analysis of language politeness in this study was in the form of five videos, each of which lasted approximately ten minutes. The purpose of this research is to find out and describe the principles of politeness in the language used in the “Jelas Deh!” program. The method used is through a theoretical approach in the form of thimble studies in the principle of politeness in language. Researchers used data collection techniques, the data collected in the form of oral speech as the object of research in a conversation. Then proceed by using the listening technique and note-taking technique. In this analysis, ten kinds of thimbles were found, including generosity, wisdom, appreciation, simplicity, apology, forgiveness, consensus, opinion, sympathy, and feelings. In this analysis, it was found that a total of 76 data on the use of thimbles were complied with.

Dalia Mogahed expressing woman’s language features during her Islamic lecture Body Image: Reality and Standard

Differences between men's and women's language use are due to the structure of the language, social norms, or the people in society who use the language. Holmes also explained that standard speech forms usually refer to women and femininity. A theory mentioned a particular woman's speech pattern that suggested fragility, unsureness, and unimportance. This research aimed to investigate the features used by Dalia Mogahed in her Islamic lecture Body Image Reality and Standards to prove the theory. The research method in this study is categorized as qualitative research since the descriptive data in this study is presented in spoken or written words by people. The researcher found 6 out of 10 features used by Dalia; they are lexical hedges, tag questions, rising intonation, empty adjectives, intensifiers, and hypercorrect grammar. It can be concluded that women in majority prefer using feminine features to bargain the position in the society.

Analisis Tindak Tutur Asertif Guru dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia

This study aims to describe the assertive speech acts of teachers in Indonesian language learning. This research design is qualitative research with a descriptive design. The research data used in the form of teacher's speech acts in the form of assertive speech acts in Indonesian language learning at SMPN Neg. 2 Pangkajene. The research data is used in the form of human instruments, namely the researchers themselves, with the tools of data collection guidelines. Data analysis in this study includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion/verification. Based on the results of the study, the findings were obtained in the form and function of assertive speech acts of teachers in Indonesian language learning at SMP Negeri 2 Pangkajene. There are six, namely: function of stating, function of proposing, function of boasting, function of complaining, function of reporting, function of agreeing, and function of protesting.

Professional Development Among Preschool Teachers: Meta-Conversations About Peer Counseling

This article aims to analyze discourse about professional development in preschool, represented by knowledge movements in meta-conversations about peer counseling. Empirically, this article presents a case study based on audio recordings of focus group discussions on peer counseling. The underlying study highlights findings in the form of various speech acts as markers for central discourse among preschool teachers. Habermas’ theory of communicative action is used as a framework for analyzing the preschool teachers’ statements, showing that the concepts of lifeworld and system are central in their discussions. The study highlights knowledge movements pertaining to learning and becoming part of the community, knowledge movements that threaten professional aspects, and dynamics between the participants’ everyday lives and the system. Peer counseling in groups appears to be a crucial transformative learning activity in the preschool setting studied. The findings presented can contribute to bridging preschool teachers’ everyday lives and the system they function within and can be used to improve the education of preschool teachers.