Formal-dogmatic Method Research Articles

МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ ПРАВОВОГО ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ: ІНСТРУМЕНТАЛЬНІ ЗАСАД

The article is devoted to the methodology of legal research: instrumental foundations. The article, which is a continuation of the material presented by the author in the previous issue of the journal on the conceptual, structural and philosophical-ideological foundations of the methodology of legal research, reveals the instrumental foundations of the latter. Such foundations are the three levels of methodological knowledge (groups of methods): general philosophical (universal), general scientific and special. The general philosophical (universal) level is represented by such methods as dialectical and formal-logical, where the first allows disclosing the internal content of constantly changing social and legal relations, the other contributes to the logical ordering of the research process and mental design of its results. Inside the group of general scientific methods, the special attention is paid to the system method, because it is a cognitive tool for comprehensive study of certain aspects of the multilevel hierarchically constructed outside world based on the system. One of the most important subsystems of the social system as a whole is law, which in a certain “static” plan is cognized by means of a structural method, and in a certain “dynamic” plan - by means of a functional method. In some cases, institutional, synergetic and hermeneutic methods are added to them. The most numerous is the group of special cognitive methods, which is divided into two subgroups: a) special methods of legal science and b) special methods borrowed from other sciences. The main method of jurisprudence is a legal (formal-dogmatic) method, by means of which the study of a certain legal phenomenon is carried out on the basis of dogmatic perception of the information contained in the legal act. This method is objectively used most in the study of certain problems of specific branches of law (constitutional, administrative, criminal law, etc.), resulting in a certain legal model - the stable statutory system of norms that should regulate certain social relations. These legal models are not always adequately manifested in practice and therefore in the cognition of state-legal phenomena cannot be limited to the formal-dogmatic method, and in order to avoid one-sided results, it is necessary to use other methods - those that allow taking into account the practice of social life of the studied phenomena. Among such methods: hermeneutic, comparative legal (comparative) method, as well as special methods of other sciences: political science, history, sociology, psychology, mathematics, etc. Involvement of the last-mentioned methods is a sign of the current stage of development of science studies and a necessary condition for the development of any science, including law. The expansion and complication of the subject of jurisprudence requires from a researcher an “interdisciplinary” approach to his knowledge, the use of not the method itself (in generalized form) of one or another science, but some of their research tools.

Legal Effects of Unenforceability or Invalidity of an Agreement for a Denominated in or Indexed to a Foreign Currency Mortgage Loan in The Light of Judicial Decisions

An introduction of mortgage currency loans to the banks offers, particularly the indexed to a foreign currency and denominated in a foreign currency loans, based on agreements containing abusive clauses which lead, in the consumer/borrower's individual relations, to the violation of his legal and economic interest and on the financial system level to the creation the risk of its instability (systemic risk). In many European countries, in Hungary for instance, the problem was solved ex post on the statutory level by the legislator’s interference. In others, for example in Romania, such statutory solutions were contested by the constitutional courts. In the remaining ones, such as Poland, Spain or Austria, the problem was left to be solved within the individual cases by the civil or arbitration courts. The latter solution requires however the development of lines of jurisprudence solving the contentious legal issues resulting from the complicated legal relations that occurred between the banks and the consumers/borrowers. Given the above, the author undertook to analyse the judicial decisions of the European Court of Justice, Polish common courts and the Supreme Court in order to indicate these nodal issues which often evoke the discrepancies in jurisprudence, as well as to present the possible solutions. The importance of the issue is crucial not only to the economic condition of the households and financial results of particular banks, but also to the stability of the whole financial sector. The implementation of the research goal adopted in this article requires the application of legal research methods, such as in particular the general theoretical method and the formal-dogmatic method.

The role of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court in strengthening the international legal order

The article examines the special role of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court in strengthening the international legal order. This analysis was carried out through the prism of the study of certain issues: the concept of "Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court" and his place in the system of international criminal justice; the powers of the Prosecutor at certain stages of the proceedings in the International Criminal Court; the principles of strategy and priority in the activities of the Prosecutor. Historical, system-structural, analysis and synthesis, comparative legal, formal-legal, and formal dogmatic methods were used in the research. In the article was made conclution that that the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court has a preventive effect on international crimes, because the work of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court is aimed not only at punishing perpetrators of international crimes, but also at preventing the commitment of such crimes in the future. It is emphasized that such activities of the Prosecutor ultimately have a positive effect on strengthening the international legal order.

The concept of constitutional pluralism as the fundamental basis for the development of the European Union legal order

The objective of this article is to analyze the concept of constitutional pluralism as a methodological basis for the construction of the legal system of the European Union. In particular, attention is paid to investigating the particularities of the interaction and operation of the different constitutional legal systems within the legal sphere of the European Union, studying the constitutional collisions derived from the interaction of European Union law and the law national of the Member States. Dialectical, comparative legal, historical, systemic-structural and formal dogmatic methods were used in the research. The article concluded that the national constitutional courts of the Member States of the European Union can give priority to their constitutional rules only if those rules are clear and reflect substantial constitutional obligations. However, in any case, in order to maintain the coherence of the legislation of the European Union and the national legislation of the Member States, it is necessary to amend the national Constitutions of the Member States of the European Union.

Współpraca międzynarodowa i transgraniczna polskich uczelni w prawie i praktyce

The aim of the research was to identify conditions and forms of international and cross-border cooperation of Polish higher education institutions (HEIs). In order to achieve the goal, the formal-dogmatic method was applied, analyzing the literature on the subject, the law (mainly Polish law), as well as various statements and press releases. A request for public information was also used. The article was divided into three parts. The first one concerns the conditions of international and cross-border cooperation of Polish HEIs. The next part covers the forms of cooperation identified by the author, and the last one refers to the formula of the European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation as a form of international and cross-border cooperation of HEIs. The results of the research show that international and cross--border cooperation of Polish HEIs is based primarily on national law, which, however, is characterized by high variability, which does not favour building stable relations. The cooperation of HEIs takes various forms, from non-institutionalised to quasi institutionalised and institutionalised. Polish HEIs are trying to join the internationalization process, and the availability of external funding is conducive to gradual institutionalization of international and cross-border cooperation of HEIs. There is a scarcity of studies on the subject, therefore the article may be of great cognitive value to legal science, especially in Poland, but also abroad (for scholars conducting comparative research).

Modernization of Prosecutorial Research Methods to Ensure the Rule of Law in the Budgetary Sphere

The article discusses methods of post-classical scientific research used in Specialty 12.00.11. The author argues for the preservation of historical and legal, comparative-legal, and formal-dogmatic methods and constitutionally protected, rights-based methods in the study of prosecutorial activity in the public sector.

Entropy of property in Western and Russian legal doctrine and practice

The subject of the study is a phenomenon of an “entropy” of property, its interpretation, socio-economic conditionality, genesis of its development in European and Russian doctrine, reflection of a construct of “separated” property in the legislation. “Entropy” of property is a situation when both entities are owners, but in different areas of relations: the first person is the owner in relation to third parties, and the second-in relation to the first The goal of this scientific research is to find out reasons of the existence of phenomenon of “entropy of property” in European and Russian legal doctrines, to identify common and specific features of this phenomenon. Methodology. The authors use the general scientific method, including dialectics, comparative analysis, formal logic, historical method. A number of specific methods pertaining to the legal science were used as well: the formal dogmatic method was applied for analysis of ownership within the institute of property rights; the logical legal method was applied to study general tendencies of development of the institute of property rights; the legal comparative method was used to study European and Russian legislation on ownership and other property rights. The main scientific results. The Western legal doctrine of “entropy of property” has quite a long history of development, unlike the Russian. Specific features of the Russian doctrine are result of its historical, political and cultural characteristics. The phenomenon of “entropy of property” has both positive and negative consequences, which requires pluralistic approach to its assessment. “Reunification” of ownership rights on the land plot and other objects located on it, is a result of socio-economic and legal factors and deserves positive assessment. Property rights as elements of titular possession are not based only on law, but may be created by contract as well. Conclusions. The European and Russian legal doctrines on the “entropy of property” have both common and specific features. The common features are: existence of “absolute” ownership, limited property rights, trends of reunification of “separated” property etc. The specific features are: absence of “trust” in the Russian legal system; excessive fragmentation of right of ownership as a large “bundle” of rights; absence of situations when one person may simultaneously hold statuses of owner and holder of a limited property right in the Russian legislation.

Rules of criminal liability for corruption offences and their prevention

The objective of the article is to conduct a comparative legal study of Ukrainian and international standards of criminal liability for corruption offences and their prevention. The research methodology includes the following methods: system-structural method, formal-dogmatic method, historical method, grouping method, comparative-legal method, legal modeling method and others. As a result, the peculiarities of anti-corruption regulatory-legal provisions and police practice in the states analyzed are clarified, with the selection of relevant positive and negative trends, principles of construction of anti-corruption policy, specificity of the conceptual apparatus, etc. Emphasis is placed on the need to further harmonize Ukrainian legislation with international agreements and the practice of their implementation. It is concluded that negative trends in foreign countries have been found to be the result of non-compliance with relevant commitments to combat and prevent corruption.

Legal technologies as instruments of civil aviation safety improvement in conditions of the fight against COVID-2019

Purpose of the paper is to determine current issues and prospective directions of the legal technologies’ use for civil aviation safety improvement and future development under modern COVID-2019, post-pandemic challenges and conditions of the new world’s order. By using the dialectical method, the current conceptual framework and issues of the legal technologies as instruments of civil aviation safety improvement have been formulated. The formal-dogmatic method contributed to the development of the authors’ explanation of the current state, issues, challenges, and practical role of the legal technologies for the further improvement of civil aviation safety under the fight against COVID-2019. In the paper modern challenges to the legal technologies’ use for civil aviation safety improvement in pandemic and post-pandemic conditions have been analyzed. Prospects of the legal technologies’ effective implementation for the future civil aviation safety improvement in conditions of pandemic, post-pandemic and new world’s order have been suggested.

Mandatory Disclosure Rules (MDR) and the Professional Secrecy of a Tax Advisor

Mandatory Disclosure Rules (MDR) have been introduced to the Polish legal system and have been in force since 1 January 2019. It is a regulation imposing an obligation of disclosing tax planning schemes to fiscal administration bodies, and its purpose is to protect the tax system against tax evasion and dishonest lowering of public levies. This regulation introduced significant changes in the scope of practising the profession of a tax advisor with a particular consideration of a change made in the professional secrets of a tax advisor. These changes gave rise to many controversies and doubts both in the doctrine as well as among the tax advisors’ self-governing council. The newly-introduced institution may have a negative impact on the practical aspects of performing the profession of tax advisor. The aim of the work is to discuss and analyse the Mandatory Disclosure Rules in terms of professional confidentiality of a tax advisor, as well as to indicate the practical effects of the introduced amendment. The scientific article uses the formal-dogmatic method, analysing the legal text and its interpretation, including jurisprudence.

Prawo do bycia offline jako podstawowe prawo pracownika

The right to disconnect as an employees’ fundamental right The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the associated possibilities for the employers to order employees to perform their work remotely has caused the widespread perception of the employee’s right to be offline outside its working hours (also referred to as a “right to disconnect”) as a fundamental right. This article contains a synthetic analysis of the institution of remote working as the main source of threat to employees’ rights as well as considerations with regard to proposed solutions aimed at protecting the employee against such threat. On the one hand, remote work has a protective function being instrumental in safeguarding the continuity of businesses and the employee’s workplace despite the pandemic, but on the other hand, it significantly interferes with the private sphere and may lead to violations of the regulations on working time. The European Parliament’s proposals on the right to be offline should be assessed positively, although they undoubtedly only guarantee an absolute minimum level of protection. The analysis was carried out following the formal dogmatic method also taking into account comparative tools.

Postanowienia komisarza wyborczego dotyczące jednostek samorządu terytorialnego

Przedmiot badań: Przedmiotem artykułu jest charakterystyka postanowień komisarza wyborczego odnoszących się do jednostek samorządu terytorialnego. W obowiązującym stanie prawnym wy­stępują wątpliwości, czy postanowienia komisarza wyborczego mają charakter aktów stosowania, czy stanowienia prawa, które mogą być traktowane jako źródła prawa. Problematyka ta jest istotna zarówno w kontekście samodzielności samorządu terytorialnego oraz klasyfikacji aktów pochodzą­cych od komisarza wyborczego przez pryzmat prawnych form działania administracji.
 Cel badawczy: Celem badawczym jest pytanie o charakter prawny postanowień komisarza wy­borczego dotyczących samorządu terytorialnego.
 Metoda badawcza: W artykule została zastosowana metoda formalno-dogmatyczna. Artykuł obejmuje analizę regulacji prawnych upoważniających komisarza wyborczego do wydawania postanowień dotyczących jednostek samorządu terytorialnego zawartych w ustawach samorzą­dowych, kodeksie wyborczym oraz ustawie o referendum lokalnym. Artykuł uwzględnia także przegląd stanowisk doktryny oraz orzecznictwa sądów administracyjnych w tej materii.
 Wyniki: Na podstawie przeprowadzonych w artykule rozważań zostały sformułowane następujące konkluzje odnoszące się do postanowień komisarza wyborczego dotyczących jednostek samorządu terytorialnego: są to akty publicznoprawne o charakterze obligatoryjnym, które z punktu widzenia ich charakteru prawnego tworzą kategorię niejednolitą. Występują postanowienia komisarza wybor­czego będące aktami stosowania prawa o charakterze indywidualnym i konkretnym, które wykazują cechy zbliżone do aktów administracyjnych (np. postanowienie o stwierdzeniu wygaśnięcia manda­tu wójta czy radnego). Występują również postanowienia komisarza wyborczego wykazujące cechy właściwe dla aktów stanowienia prawa o charakterze powszechnie obowiązującym (postanowienia w sprawie tworzenia obwodów głosowania oraz okręgów wyborczych). Ta kompetencja komisarza wyborczego wywołuje wątpliwości z punktu widzenia zgodności z Konstytucją, która nie upoważ­nia tego organu do wykonywania funkcji prawotwórczych.

On the place of digital technologies in the system of public financial control

The article examines the legal aspects of the transformation of the system of public (state and municipal) financial control, observed in the process of the ongoing transition of the Russian state to the digital economy and digital public administration. The existing prerequisites for the construction of a new paradigm of control in the field of public Finance are considered and the main new (digital) mechanisms used in the activities of regulatory authorities are analyzed. The work mainly involved the formal-dogmatic method of research and the method of referring to the borderline branch of legal Sciences. As part of the second method, some works on Civil and Labor law were analyzed in terms of the use of new digital technologies. It was concluded that digitalization allows to conduct state (municipal) financial control at a completely new level, but it also entails new problems (risks), the identification and elimination of which is yet to be implemented.

Compensation to the Acquitted Person in International Criminal Law

INTRODUCTION. The practice of modern international criminal courts and tribunals raises serious questions about the proper enforcement of the rights of the accused. Among these rights, the accused's right to compensation is highlighted. Compensation is given to the accused (regardless of the verdict) for violation of his procedural rights and fundamental human rights and compensation to the acquitted person.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The analysis of ensuring the human right to compensation in the event of an unjust sentence is carried out on the basis of international human rights treaties, treaties on the creation of international courts, including appeal to the travaux preparatoires of the Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the practice of international criminal courts and tribunals, especially the ICC, as well as the International Tribunal for Rwanda and the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. The study was conducted using general scientific methods of cognition (in particular, analysis and synthesis), as well as comparative legal, historical legal and formal dogmatic methods. To achieve the corresponding conclusions, various methods of interpretation of the rule of law are used, in particular, grammatical, systematic, teleological, harmonic, etc.RESEARCH RESULTS. In the activities of international criminal courts and tribunals, a violation of the accused’s right to a hearing within a reasonable time is systemic, including due to the absence of any procedural deadlines on the one hand, and the absence of any rules (or their non-application) to restore the rights of the accused and punishment of the party who committed the violation of these rights. This situation poses serious problems of ensuring the rights of specific accused (including justified), but also the development of modern international criminal procedural law and international human rights law.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. National legislation and international human rights instruments provide for the right of an acquitted person to compensation. In international criminal courts, this issue, however, is addressed in different ways. The statutes of international criminal courts ad hoc created by the UN Security Council do not mention the right to compensation for an accused or acquitted person. At the same time, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda recognized that the absence of a reference to law in the Statute of the Tribunal does not mean that the persons concerned do not have the corresponding right. At the same time, this recognition did not have practical consequences. The Statute of the International Criminal Court recognizes the right to compensation, however, does so to a limited extent. Thus, in international criminal courts and tribunals, the provision of the human right to compensation (primarily compensation to an acquitted person) is performed at a lower level than that established in international human rights treaties.

Уголовная ответственность за преступления, связанные с незаконным оборотом наркотических средств и психотропных веществ: состояние и перспективы

The purpose of the work is to assess the state of the criminal legislation on responsibility for crimes related to the illegal circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The subject of the research was criminal legislation, judicial practice and doctrinal sources. Methodology: the author used general scientific research methods, as well as a special legal formal dogmatic method. Conclusions: the author of the study, defining the current state of affairs in the field of criminal law combating illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their analogues in our country, notes the inconsistency and illogicality of the work of criminal law institutions in establishing responsibility for some crimes in this area, and also draws attention to the fact that the determinants of such a problem originate in an insufficiently objective assessment by the legislator of the current state of affairs. Scientific and practical significance: the necessity of taking measures aimed at differentiating the provisions of criminal legislation in this area, as well as introducing such a concept as «illegal drug business» into the current legislation is substantiated.

Praktyka indygenacyjna w szlacheckiej Rzeczypospolitej w świetle konstytucji sejmowych i instrukcji sejmikowych w latach 1588–1793

Przedmiot badań: Przedmiotem badań jest instytucja indygenatu w szlacheckiej Rzeczypospoli­tej. Nadanie przez monarchę indygenatu obcemu szlachcicowi było równoznaczne z uzyskaniem szlacheckiego obywatelstwa. Przysługiwał osobie, która go uzyskała, ale też jej potomstwu. In­dygenowani nie podlegali ograniczeniom tak jak osoby nobilitowane. Wyróżniamy dwa rodzaje indygenatu: a) za zasługi wojskowe, cywilne; b) honorowy, o nadaniu którego decydowały wzglę­dy polityczne. Indygenat otrzymało ok. 404 osób, co stanowi od 0,089 do 0,073% ogółu szlachty, przy szacowanej liczbie tego stanu 450 000 a 550 000 osób. Liczba ta nie mogła mieć większego wpływu na społeczność szlachecką. Instytucja przyciągała uwagę szlachty, która była żywo za­interesowana tym, kto aspiruje do obywatelstwa szlacheckiego. Elitarność stanowa szlachty, jej status oddziaływał na obcą szlachtę, która podejmowała starania, by wejść w jej szeregi.
 Cel badawczy: Instytucja indygenatu nie doczekała się całościowego opracowania w literatu­rze. Przeważają badania o charakterze prozograficznym. Problemy takie jak: a) kształtowanie się procedury nabywania indygenatu; b) charakter monarszej prerogatywy rozdawniczej w okresie elekcyjnym nie zostały dotychczas opracowane. 1
 Metoda badawcza: Indygenat nie był instytucją normowaną przez jeden akt prawny. W związku z tym, aby przedstawić tę instytucję, posłużyliśmy się analizą przepisów konstytucji sejmowych i instrukcji sejmikowych okresu lat 1573–1793 metodą formalno-dogmatyczną.
 Wnioski: Wyniki badań ukazują, żeby otrzymać indygenat w Rzeczypospolitej, musiała być do­trzymana określona procedura, zaś zainteresowany musiał spełnić określone warunki formalne i materialne. Osobie, której nadano indygenat i spełniła ona wymagania, kancelaria królewska wydawała dyplom poświadczający indygenację. Z prerogatywy monarszej nadanie stało się ak­tem dokonywanym pod kontrolą sejmu i sejmików.

Regulation of state publishing

Thepurposeofthearticleistoanalyzethenationallegislationontheregulation of state policy in the publishing industry of Ukraine and to form conclusions on the improvement of legislation on the regulation of relations in the field of publishing. To characterize the main sections of the study, the authors set themselves the goal to substantiate the current areas of restructuring of state regulation of relations in the field of publishing and analyze the features of the scientific reception of the problem of interaction between the state and the publishing industry. Methodology. The methodology of work consists in the use of the dialectical method of cognition of state and legal phenomena, the formal-dogmatic method, the structural-functional method, the method of comparative-legal research, the comparative-historical method. These research methods made it possible to analyze the peculiarities of the publishing system in the country and to investigate the state of legal regulation of publishing for the period of independence of Ukraine. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is that the main legal acts on the regulation of publishing are characterized, the main legislative, economic and cultural problems of national book publishing at the present stage are identified, the statistics of publishing production in Ukrainianand Russian are studied. The basic principles of regulating the activity of publishing houses are also highlighted, the main ones being the freedom and abolition of censorship, independence from central and local political and state bodies. Conclusions. In order to unquestionably provide constitutional guarantees for freedom of speech in Ukraine, free expression of views and beliefs, as well as to continue the process of improving the legislative support of the publishing sphere, conducting a policy of book publishing support, promoting a positive image of the state, legislation, international legal standards, the European Convention on Human Rights.

A CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT AS A REGULATOR OF RELATIONS IN A CONSTRUCTION SPHERE

Objective: to explore the legal nature of contractual relations in the construction industry. Methods of research: general and special methods of knowledge of legal phenomena were used in the work. In particular, the application of the system-functional method helped to determine the functional purpose of the contract of construction contract. Using the formal-dogmatic method of research, the most important legal constructs of the contract of construction contract were identified. The comparative-legal method was used when comparing the normative-legal acts of Ukraine and foreign legislation in the sphere of regulation of contractual relations by state order. Results: the ways of improving the legal regulation of contractual relations in construction were determined, the content of contractual relations in the construction industry was analyzed. Discussion: modern market relations in the construction industry cannot be imagined without a contract, because the shortcomings of the contractual regulation reduce the ability to protect the rights of the contracting party. The economic necessity and legal complexity of the construction contract with its complex system of contractual relations, necessitates its detailed legal regulation. The problems of normative-legal regulation and practice of application of the contract of construction contract were justified by the rapid development of the construction industry. It is determined that the contract of construction contract means the contract, by virtue of which the contractor undertakes the obligation to perform the construction works specified in the contract within the term specified by the contract, and the customer is obliged to accept the result of the works, to pay for it, and to create the contractor necessary for the execution of the works conditions in accordance with the terms of the contract. It is obvious that the regulatory and legal aspects of the industry require a systematic and perfect scheme for managing the situations that arise during the activity. It is stated that today it is necessary to create conditions for the use of internationally recognized forms of construction contracts, international customs, recommendations of international organizations as mechanisms for overcoming the defects of legal regulation of contractual relations in construction. Today, the legislation does not impose specific requirements on the contracting authority (such activity is not subject to licensing or certification), but at the same time it imposes serious powers on it and places fairly rigid liability. However, this situation can be remedied by improving the term «construction contractor» in Ukrainian legislation and forming a clear definition and systematization of the construction contractor’s functions with a division into their own functions and those that can be delegated. The problems and risks involved in the implementation of construction contracts in Ukraine remain an open question in the current state of the country.

Zawezwanie do próby ugodowej – uwagi wybrane na tle nowelizacji Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego ustawą z dnia 4.07.2019 r.

Przedmiot badań: Przedmiotem badań są zmiany dotyczące zawezwania do próby ugodowej wprowadzone w oparciu o nowelizację Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego ustawą z dnia 4.07.2019 r., która weszła w życie dnia 7.11.2019 r.
 Cel badawczy: Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie oraz próba dokonania oceny zmian odnoszą­cych się do zawezwania do próby ugodowej wprowadzonych w oparciu o nowelizację Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego ustawą z dnia 4.07.2019 r., która weszła w życie dnia 7.11.2019 r. Na mocy omawianej nowelizacji wprowadzony został bowiem nowy wymóg formalny pisma wszczynającego postępowanie pojednawcze, polegający na konieczności przedstawienia w jego treści propozycji ugodowych (art. 185 § 11 k.p.c.). Niezamieszczenie przedmiotowych propozycji w treści wniosku o zawezwanie do próby ugodowej będzie skutkowało zwrotem pisma – po uprzednim wezwaniu do jego uzupełnienia (przy odpowiednim zastosowaniu regulacji z art. 130 k.p.c.). W oparciu o komen­towaną nowelizację zmieniona została równocześnie wysokość opłaty od wniosku o zawezwanie do próby ugodowej – aktualnie od pisma wszczynającego postępowanie pojednawcze pobierana będzie piąta część opłaty (art. 19 ust. 3 k.s.c.u.). Wysokość przedmiotowej opłaty będzie zatem w realiach konkretnej sprawy najpewniej zdecydowanie niższa w porównaniu do opłaty, jaka musiałaby być uiszczona w razie wniesienia pozwu – nie będzie ona już jednak tak preferencyjna jak dotychczas.
 Metoda badawcza: Badania zostały przeprowadzone w oparciu o metodę dogmatycznoprawną.
 Wyniki: Przeprowadzone rozważania prowadzą do następujących wniosków. Z jednej strony wprowadzone zmiany mają niewątpliwie zapobiec nadużywaniu instytucji postępowania pojed­nawczego w celu przerwania biegu terminu przedawnienia. Powinny również wywrzeć pozytywny wpływ na efektywność analizowanego postępowania. Z drugiej jednak strony omawiane mody­fikacje mogą doprowadzić do znaczącego i relewantnego spadku zainteresowania zawezwaniem do próby ugodowej.

СТРУКТУРА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ УКРАЇНИ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the structure of the state economic policy of Ukraine implementation. The research uses a wide range of general and special legal methods and techniques of scientific research, in particular: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction; comparative legal, structural-functional, formal-dogmatic methods. As a result of the study, the author substantiates the scientific position that determining the structure of economic policy of Ukraine and its elements, ensuring their coordinated interaction is a priority in the effective functioning of this area of public policy of Ukraine. Unfortunately, the current model of Ukraine's state economic policy in Ukraine is not able to ensure its effectiveness. As a model, it is proposed to take the one developed by German scientists, which provides for the consistent interaction of such elements of the structure of public policy as a strategy, a plan, the implementation of the plan and a report on the implementation of the plan. This model of implementation of economic policy of Ukraine should be the basis for public administration of the economy of Ukraine. Legal support of public administration by economic policy of Ukraine needs to be streamlined and strengthened. According to the author, this goal can be achieved through the adoption, first of all, of the National Strategy for Economic Development of Ukraine, which will become a strategic document. It should specify the purpose, goals, strategic objectives and principles of state economic policy of Ukraine. Based on it, plans for the implementation of this National Strategy should be developed as tactical documents. They should identify step-by-step measures to implement this strategy. Keywords: economy, state policy, administrative law, a structure, legislation.