Formal Concept Research Articles

Concept Formation Processes of Area and its Formula with GeoGebra: Case of Rectangle

This research aims to investigate the construction of the area of rectangle with GeoGebra and how students can formulate it. It focuses on describing the cognitive process involved in constructing this concept and how technology mediates such a process. The research was conducted in a classroom with 5th grade students in a secondary school and was designed qualitatively as a case study. A readiness test was prepared to determine the preliminary knowledge of the students about the concept of area. The teaching process was carried out with the activities based on GeoGebra. Considering the test results, researcher observations, and teacher views, five voluntary participants were selected, and we had three interviews with each of them. The obtained data from the teaching process and interviews were analyzed according to APOS theoretical framework. The results of the research demonstrate that one of the participants could not conceptualize the area as an object as the number of unit squares that cover the area without any space, while two of the participants could not conceptualize the formula of area of rectangle as an object. The students generally had difficulty in encapsulating the concept of the area and its formula. Area conservation and unit concept are important for conceptualizing the concept of area by realizing the covering feature of it, and understanding the dimension relationship is significantly effective in conceptualizing its formula.

Computer Supported Accessible Dexterity-Based Board Games

Board game accessibility analyses conducted by the Meeple Centred Design project have identified a number of problem areas where there exist no accessible intersection of disability and game design paradigm. While there exist fun and innovative board games for most players, making use of most game mechanisms, there exists no identified dexterity game accessible to those with physical impairments. Indeed, it is hard to imagine what form a game of that nature might take. In this paper, we outline a technological solution making use of computer vision, digital representation, and accessible game design. In its proof of concept form, it serves as a way of making the game Crokinole playable by mixed-needs groups. Future work will generalise this solution to work for a wide array of flicking and pushing based dexterity games, along with investigating how existing digital accessibility support tools can be leveraged to expand the demographic that can benefit from this approach.

Contribution of Social Sciences in Strengthening the Character Education of Elementary School Students

One of the objectives of social studies education is to form good citizens. To be a good citizen, every student must have good character as well. This implies that social studies education must be able to contribute to shaping student character. In this study, we will review the role of social studies education in strengthening character education in elementary schools. This research uses a library research approach. Sources of data are obtained from research results that have been published in scientific journals, books, and legislation related to the education system. The results of the study show that social studies education has a very important role in strengthening character education in elementary schools. The role of Social Studies Education in character building is to contribute in the form of basic values, concepts, and rules in shaping student behavior both in the school environment and in the community environment.

Counter Cyber Terrorism Governance In Indonesia

Information and communication technology has a significant impact on various aspects. Its developments affect daily life, and also give a new color to the political-security dynamics, especially in Indonesia. This depends on the purpose of using information and communication technology, which if not regulated, will become a double-edged sword. The typology of threats is also increasingly varied and transforming, including in the context of security threats in the form of terrorism which involves many dimensions ranging from religion-based terrorism to cyber-based terrorism. The state's response to cyber terrorism as a new security threat phenomenon is examined in this paper in a balanced way using an inward-looking and outward-looking perspective. By using qualitative research methods and descriptive research types, the existing data related to what has been done by Indonesia are interpreted into the form of a governance conception in the context of countering cyber terrorism. Indonesia has identified domestic conditions to be able to optimize its resources. At the same time, Indonesia is also trying to improve its capabilities by conducting international cooperation. So that the governance of countering cyber terrorism in Indonesia still leaves several problems that need to be resolved, such as institutional barriers including organizational culture which is the key to coordination between institutions related to countering cyber terrorism in Indonesia.

An indicator-based sustainability assessment framework in manufacturing organisations

Several tools and methodologies were developed for manufacturing organizations to evaluate their sustainability performance. However, the growing number of methods and tools casts some doubt upon the applicability, efficiency, and capability of those methods by real manufacturing companies. Therefore, tools that offer a standard assessment of the sustainability performance of the organization with a systematic view are much needed. On the other hand, tools are not only expected to qualitatively assess sustainability but to be capable of recognizing the opportunities that help manufacturers have a more sustainable organization. To that point, the present study will focus on the following questions: “How can we help manufacturing organizations in terms of assessing sustainability?” and “How can we help manufacturing organizations discover opportunities to reach a better state of sustainability?”. To respond to the questions, the study will use the indicator-based sustainability assessment framework that has been previously introduced by the authors and to develop a composite sustainability indicator. As a contribution to the literature, knowledge extraction and formalisation methods like Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) and Association Rule Mining (ARM) are employed in the development process of the composite Indicator. In fact, FCA and ARM helped create a novel method to select and weigh and aggregate indicators and therefore develop a composite sustainability index. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed framework will be examined by a real case company.

Effect of Terminal Levy Contribution on Local Original Revenue

The study aims to find out: the contribution of the Wamengkoli Wara terminal levy to regional revenue. Quantitative research is the chosen research methodology. Both secondary and primary data are used. Contribution analysis is used in data analysis. The sampling method uses saturated samples over a period of 5 years, or from 2018 to 2022. All data needed to collect data based on research in the form of concepts, definitions, or theories that can be applied to explain the problem to be discussed through this research. The Regional Revenue Office, the Transportation Office, and in this case customers are secondary data sources. The study findings show that: The average contribution of the wamengkoli wara terminal levy to Regional Original Revenue during 2018-2022 is 1.63% This shows that the contribution of the terminal levy is still considered insufficient due to several things such as the COVID-19 pandemic and inter-district rental car/motorbike bus users prefer to raise and drop off passengers outside the terminal. In general, passengers who travel back and forth have private vehicles that are not collectible to the terminal Central Buton Regency is still a new pemekaran area, so the volume of terminal service users is still lacking.

A Novel Back-Propagation Neural Network for Intelligent Cyber-Physical Systems for Wireless Communications

Wireless sensor networks, which play a significant role in monitoring complex environments that change rapidly over time, were used in the Artificial Intelligence method. External factors or the device designers themselves are both responsible for this complex behavior. Sensor networks often use machine learning techniques to adapt to such conditions, eliminating the need for excessive redesign. Cyber-physical systems (CPS) appeared as the promising option for improving physical-virtual interactions. The quality of the system containing processing information is primarily determined by the system function. There are many benefits obtained while combining Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) in buildings. In CPS-based indoor environment has various design schemes containing measurement and intelligent buildings in the control system consisting of detection, tracking, execution, and communication modules. The Multi-Agent System (MAS) is the smallest control unit that simulates among neurons and it flexibly provides the information. To mimic the interactions between human neurons, multi-agents are used. In this paper, the CPS’s information world is built on the fundamental principle of granular formal concepts and the theory of granular computing is investigated. The calculation module is used by Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) for pattern recognition and classification by environmental information. Various parameters namely the normalized root mean square error, peak signal-to-noise ratio, mean square error, and the mean absolute error are chosen as the objective assessment criteria to assess the benefits of the proposed method and the effectiveness of the proposed system is proven.

Концепція публічного управління в умовах формування публічно-сервісної держави

The article is devoted to the problem of forming an updated concept of public administration in the conditions of the formation of a public service state in Ukraine. The article analyzes the main prerequisites for the formation of the updated concept of public administration, the historical aspects of the birth of the relevant ideology, the formation of a philosophical and scientific idea regarding the terminological outline of the relevant concepts dedicated to the improvement of management processes in the state. Special attention is paid to the process of debureaucratization of management processes, strengthening of their flexibility, result-orientedness, involvement of the public in them. It is noted that the updated concept of public administration is being formed in the conditions of the formation of a public-service state in Ukraine and the establishment of "people-centrism" as a new philosophy of administrative-legal relations and interaction between the state and its citizens. It has been found that the establishment of "people-centeredness" as a new philosophy of administrative-legal relations and public management presupposes the predominance of the interests of man and society over the interests of the state. Special attention is devoted to the peculiarities of the normative and legal framework of modern public administration, to the search for ways to transform modern legislation in this area. It was found that the ideas of digitalization of the process of providing administrative services, creation of a single state web portal for their provision, rationalization and minimization of the list of documents and procedures used to obtain administrative services became important ideas enshrined in the current legislation of Ukraine. The role of the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine in the process of forming the updated concept of public administration in Ukraine is characterized. The importance of further work on the implementation of the "Digital State" project, which is actively implemented through the convenient online system "Action", was emphasized. Among the effective tools, the approval of which requires further support from the state, the services for providing electronic permit documents through the "Diya" portal, the electronic court system, electronic voting, etc., are mentioned.

Scale-preserving automatic concept extraction (SPACE)

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have become a common choice for industrial quality control, as well as other critical applications in the Industry 4.0. When these CNNs behave in ways unexpected to human users or developers, severe consequences can arise, such as economic losses or an increased risk to human life. Concept extraction techniques can be applied to increase the reliability and transparency of CNNs through generating global explanations for trained neural network models. The decisive features of image datasets in quality control often depend on the feature’s scale; for example, the size of a hole or an edge. However, existing concept extraction methods do not correctly represent scale, which leads to problems interpreting these models as we show herein. To address this issue, we introduce the Scale-Preserving Automatic Concept Extraction (SPACE) algorithm, as a state-of-the-art alternative concept extraction technique for CNNs, focused on industrial applications. SPACE is specifically designed to overcome the aforementioned problems by avoiding scale changes throughout the concept extraction process. SPACE proposes an approach based on square slices of input images, which are selected and then tiled before being clustered into concepts. Our method provides explanations of the models’ decision-making process in the form of human-understandable concepts. We evaluate SPACE on three image classification datasets in the context of industrial quality control. Through experimental results, we illustrate how SPACE outperforms other methods and provides actionable insights on the decision mechanisms of CNNs. Finally, code for the implementation of SPACE is provided.

VYGOTSKY’S PERSPECTIVE ON CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT IN THE CHILD AND THE ROLE OF INSTRUCTION IN IT

This theoretical paper maps down the process of concept development from Vygotsky’s theory of concept formation, the steps involved in the concept formation and the role of instruction in it. Vygotsky distinguished between lower order thinking and higher order thinking and he classified concepts into everyday concepts and scientific concepts. Scientific concepts are higher order cognitive processes as it is learnt by a child in a mediated process, in contrast to everyday concepts which are learnt through everyday experiences. Moreover, he gave the concept of the zone of proximal development and its role in the development of scientific concepts. This paper provides a detailed description of the process of concept development and the role of instruction in it. KEYWORDS: Concepts, everyday concepts, scientific concepts, zone of proximal development

Link prediction on bipartite networks using matrix factorization with negative sample selection.

We propose a new method for bipartite link prediction using matrix factorization with negative sample selection. Bipartite link prediction is a problem that aims to predict the missing links or relations in a bipartite network. One of the most popular solutions to the problem is via matrix factorization (MF), which performs well but requires reliable information on both absent and present network links as training samples. This, however, is sometimes unavailable since there is no ground truth for absent links. To solve the problem, we propose a technique called negative sample selection, which selects reliable negative training samples using formal concept analysis (FCA) of a given bipartite network in advance of the preceding MF process. We conduct experiments on two hypothetical application scenarios to prove that our joint method outperforms the raw MF-based link prediction method as well as all other previously-proposed unsupervised link prediction methods.

Maxims in the artistic discourse of Olga Kobylyanska

The purpose of the article is to analyze the maxims regulating family and domestic relations in the artistic discourse of the prominent Bukovinian writer in terms of syntactic organization, verbal content and semantic diversity. The relevance of the scientific article is determined by the need to study individual verbal manifestations in the artistic discourse of the Bukovіnian writer for the formation of a coherent cognitive-pragmatic concept of her artistic discourse. Research methods. In the article as the main general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis are used, as well as linguistic – descriptive, structural methods and method of component analysis. The novelty of scientific research lies in deepening the study of the artistic discourse of O. Kobylyanska. In addition, the analysis of the maxims in O. Kobylyanska's texts has not yet been the subject of linguistic analysis. Conclusions. Maxims are autosemantic, relatively independent statements based on popular common sense, the writer's intellectual level and precedent phenomena. The class of maxims consists of paremias, which include author's modifications of paremias, sayings based on folk mythologems and author's maxims. Maxims function in the text as a separate statement or as part of the context. Folk paremias function as precedent phenomena in the form of a simple sentence. Author's maxims can take the form of identification sentences. Often, maxims are included in the constructions of vocations, taking the form of direct speech. We fix the author's maxims in the form of a rhetorical question and an exclamatory sentence. In the artistic discourse of O. Kobylyanska, a considerable group of maxims regulates family and household relations. Among them, certain thematic groupings can be distinguished: maxims of an instructive nature, maxims about love, gender characteristics, about women, about married life etc.

Connecting concept lattices with bonds induced by external information

In Formal Concept Analysis (FCA), L-bonds represent relationships between L-formal contexts. Choosing the appropriate bond between L-fuzzy formal contexts is an important challenge for its application in recommendation tasks. Recent work introduced two constructions of bonds, given by direct products of two L-fuzzy formal contexts, and showed their usefulness in a particular application. In this paper, we present further theoretical and experimental results on these constructions; in particular, we provide extended interpretations of both rigorous and benevolent concept-forming operators, introduce new theoretical properties of the proposed bonds to connect two concept lattices given external information, and finally present the experimental study of the upper bounds.

The Logic of Homophily Dynamics in Heterogeneous Networks: Axiomatization, Model Checking and Validity Checking

Social networks have received considerable attention from the modal logic community. In this article, we study and characterize one of the most important principles in the field of social networks. Homophily, which means similarity breeds association, reveals the nature of social organization. In order to be able to express similarity and association together, we generalize the basic network and then define the heterogeneous network. The heterogeneous network is also defined to provide a good foundation for the use of logical approaches. The Logic of Homophily LHG,M that we propose in this article is based on Computation Tree Logic and Formal Concept Analysis. LHG,M describes the homophily dynamics of the heterogeneous networks at a specified similarity coefficient. Furthermore, we not only axiomatize the LHG,M and prove that the axiom system LHG,Mn is sound and complete, but we also prove that the model checking and the validity checking for LHG,M are both PSPACE-complete.

“Adieux à Bach”

"The Capriccio sopra la lontananza del fratello dilettissimo, BWV 992 was written not only in youth and in search of compositional identity, but also in a period when several meanings and musical genres overlapped under the term of capriccio. Moreover, among specialists, there is still no full agreement on the date and dedicatee of Bach’s work. Who departures and from whom? Is he a family member or a friend? Due to the extra-musical program of the movements’ subtitles, besides the formal and rhetorical analysis psychology-related concepts might help to highlight these questions. However, by farewell sometimes new perspectives open, and other possible influences and models become clear either, within family for a father’s son (Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach) or outside of it, in a composer generation distance (Ludwig van Beethoven). Keywords: J. S. Bach, capriccio, programmatic keyboard music"

Analytical Dependence of the Probability of Masking Objects on the Density and Dispersion of the Aerosol

With the existing method for evaluating the effectiveness of masking objects with aerosols, two parameters are used: the length and width of an invisible smoke screen with a probability of at least 50 %. Both parameters were obtained during the practical tests of aerosol masking means. However, they are insufficient for assessing the masking ability of an aerosol cloud as a spatial formation. The purpose of this work is to reveal the analytical dependence of the probability of objects masking on the density and dispersion of the aerosol. Мaterials and methods. An extended approach was used to estimate the probability of masking at any theoretical value of the flux density (integral concentration, g/m2) of aerosol along the line of sight, taking into account its dispersion, by calculating the formation of a probability field from 5 to 95 % over the entire spatial structure of the aerosol cloud. The method used is the simulation on a PC of the dependence of the share of space occlusion for the observer (the eyepiece of an optical device) by aerosol particles of a given dispersion and flux density, which we took as the probability of masking. Discussion. It is shown in the article, that the resulting analytical expression as a result of processing the accumulated simulation results on a PC fully corresponds to the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law, which is a generalization of many years of practical field and laboratory experiments with aerosols in the air and dispersed particles in solutions. The obtained probability values allow us to obtain a generalized efficiency criterion in the form of a new concept - the reduced masking zone. This term is mathematically analogous to the reduced impact zone, which is used to assess damage caused by munitions. Conclusion. For a full assessment of the effectiveness of aerosol countermeasures, the reduced masking zone must be calculated for all possible lines of sight (observation of an object): horizontally, vertically, and along inclined paths. This condition reflects the method of using modern weapons such as Javelin anti-tank systems, which are aimed at the target mainly horizontally, and the final trajectory before the impact is a «hill». The theoretical difference between the values of vertical and horizontal masking screens, obtained by the authors using a new method for calculating the parameters of an aerosol cloud, is presented in the illustrations to the article.

Scalability and Performance of Microservices Architectures

The inevitability of continuous evolution and seamless integration of dynamic alterations remains a paramount consideration in the realm of software engineering. This concern is particularly pronounced within the context of contemporary microservices architectures embedded in heterogeneous and decentralized systems composed of numerous interdependent components. A pivotal focal point within such a software design paradigm is to sustain optimal performance quality by ensuring harmonious collaboration among autonomous facets within an intricate framework. The challenge of microservices evolution has predominantly revolved around upholding the harmonization of diverse microservices versions during updates, all while curbing the computational overhead associated with such validation. This study leverages previous research outcomes and tackles the evolution predicament by introducing an innovative formal model, coupled with a fresh exposition of microservices RESTful APIs. The amalgamation of Formal Concept Analysis and the Liskov Substitution Principle plays a pivotal role in this proposed solution. A series of compatibility constraints is delineated and subjected to validation through a controlled experiment employing a representative microservices system. The suggested approach is poised to enhance the development of more sustainable microservices applications and elevate the efficacy of DevOps practices engaged in the creation and upkeep of microservices architectures.

Exploring progressive mental model representation of core physiology concepts in physician assistant students through word frequency and association analyses.

A well-developed mental model is crucial for effectively studying physiology core concepts. However, mental models can be difficult for students to represent and for instructors to evaluate and correct. Systems modeling as a visualization cognitive tool may facilitate mental model development. On the other hand, evidence of mental model development may also be represented verbally, in writing, and therefore, be evaluated. In this study, analysis of writing prompt completions illustrated progress in physician assistant student mental model formation of physiology core concepts, such as homeostasis and cell-cell communication, over time. Two cohorts of physician assistant students were invited to voluntarily submit completions of writing prompts five times over 16 months. Sessions included submissions pre- and post-small group systems modeling participation. Word frequency and word association cluster dendrogram analyses were conducted on submissions using the tm text mining package in R to provide insight into progressive changes in core concepts of word use and associations. Students demonstrated expanded core concepts systems thinking over time. This was apparent through the increased use of systems process terms, such as homeostasis, in submissions immediately following systems modeling activities. Students also increasingly included terms and associations emphasizing cell-cell communication and systems integration. The inclusion of these concepts within student mental models was demonstrably enhanced by participation in systems modeling activities.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study applies text mining, an artificial intelligence form of natural language processing, to evaluate a series of physiology student-written prompt completions. Text mining of student writing in physiology has not yet been reported in the literature. Through the application of this technique, longitudinal trends in student development of mental models of core concepts were identified and visualized through word frequency distributions and cluster dendrograms.

M-FCCL: Memory-based concept-cognitive learning for dynamic fuzzy data classification and knowledge fusion

Concept-cognitive learning (CCL) is an emerging field for studying the representation and processing of knowledge embedded in data. Many efforts are focused on this field due to the interpretability and effectiveness of the formal concept (not pseudo concept). However, the standard CCL methods cannot tackle continuous data directly. Although the current fuzzy-based CCL (FCCL) is a straightforward approach to discovering the knowledge embedded in continuous data, it does not sufficiently utilize the native advantage of concepts in simulating the cognitive mechanism. Then it causes it to be incomplete and complex cognition. Inspired by the memory mechanism, this paper combines the recalling and forgetting mechanisms with CCL, called memory-based concept-cognitive learning (M-FCCL). Specifically, a cosine measure is introduced to describe the relationship of samples and construct cosine-similar granules to learn the concept. Subsequently, a fuzzy three-way concept based on the cosine similar granules is defined to represent and discover knowledge. Furthermore, two memory mechanisms are borrowed for the process of concept cognition for dynamic data classification and knowledge fusion: concept-recalling can enhance the effectiveness of concept learning, and concept-forgetting can effectively reduce the complexity of concept cognition. Finally, some experiments are compared with other methods on 16 benchmark datasets to show that M-FCCL achieves superior performance. Specifically, on these datasets, the proposed M-FCCL method achieves 17.02% and 18.54% classification accuracy gain compared with some advanced CCL mechanisms and popular classification methods.

What Is a Policy Framework? An Attempt at Conceptualization

The term “policy framework” is frequently used. Surprisingly, however, there are no definitions for it; nor have there been any systematic attempts to conceptualize or clarify what a policy framework is. The fact that in spite of its ubiquitous use the term is not defined might signify that its meaning is considered self-evident. In reality, however, as we will show in this article, this is not the case – far from it. Even if it were, the place of the term “policy framework” in the public policy vocabulary and as a concept in the cognitive universe of public policy is too important to dispense with the task of defining it explicitly. The present article outlines a rationale for the conceptualization of the term and an approach towards achieving it. The main justification for attempting a definition of the concept is the need for cognitive hygiene. Methodologically, this research is inspired by the thinking of Sartori (1970) and scholarship surrounding his ideas on concept formation. Indeed, the paper does not aim to ‘reinvent the wheel’ in public policy, but strives to extract the meaning of “policy framework” from already existing definitions, implicit if not explicit, and, in this way, to systematize pre-existing scholarship by providing empirical references to current policy frameworks across thematic fields.