Word Form Research Articles

Stylistic Analysis of Francis Bacon’s Selected Essays

This paper is an attempt to analyze stylistically Bacon’s essays. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the writing style of Francis Bacon in the following selected essays (Of Studies, Of Revenge, OF Ambition, and Of Marriage and Single Live). Researchers analyzed the writing style of Bacon in these essays, specifically the aphoristic style. One of the most crucial characteristics of Bacon’s essays style is aphorism. It is a style which specified by the direct, straightforward, pithy and concise language. Apart from this, utilitarianism which is another feature of Bacon’s essay style, has been clarified clearly. Utilitarianism is a philosophy of thought that maintains and supports that the foremost actions are those that create the most happiness for the greatest number of people. In fact, researchers have found some elements regarding the selected essays such as didacticism, mannerism as well as worldly wisdom that introduce Francis Bacon as a utilitarian writer. Moreover, other crucial elements of Bacon’s essays such as quotations, impersonality, as well as paragraphs have been analyzed very briefly in this paper. Actually, this study is based on qualitative research. The research design was the textual analysis in order to analyze the text. The main instrument was the text of Francis Bacon’s selected essays. The data were in the form of lines, sentences, phrases and words. To analyze the text, the researchers have used steps such as paraphrasing, analyzing, identification and classification. Finally, the result of this study shows the writing style of Francis Bacon which is based on aphoristic, utilitarianism and other significant elements, like the usage of impressive quotations, unique paragraphs and Bacon’s objectivity regarding his essays.

Kajian Psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud Berbasis Novel Karya Tulus Setiyadi untuk Menangani Kecemasan

Anxiety is one of the most common psychological problems experienced by everyone. The novel Kasrimpet Piweling and Puspita Rinengga by Tulus Setiyadi is one of the literary works that raises the issue of anxiety for its characters. Therefore, this research will discuss the anxiety of the main character in the novels Kasrimpet Piweling and Puspita Rinengga by Tulus Setiyadi using the psychoanalytic view proposed by Sigmund Freud. This research aims to explain the anxiety experienced by the main character in both novels. The theory used in this research is Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis theory. Data collection with literature study method using library techniques, reading, recording and classification. Data analysis is done by looking at the personality structure, anxiety and ego defense mechanisms used by the characters. This type of research is literary research using descriptive method. The research data are in the form of words, phrases, clauses, sentences, narration from the narrator, characters' speech, and characters' actions related to ego defense mechanisms in Kasrimpet Piweling and Puspita Rinengga novels. The data collection techniques in this research are as follows: (1) conducting a literature study, (2) reading and understanding the novel, (3) marking the parts of the novel that indicate id, ego, and super ego (4) identifying the main characters and additional characters in the novel, (5) recording the data in the novel.

Developmental surface dyslexia and dysgraphia in a child with corpus callosum agenesis: an approach to diagnosis and treatment

ABSTRACT We present a case study detailing cognitive performance, functional neuroimaging, and effects of a hypothesis-driven treatment in a 10-year-old girl diagnosed with complete, isolated corpus callosum agenesis. Despite having average overall intellectual abilities, the girl exhibited profound surface dyslexia and dysgraphia. Spelling treatment significantly and persistently improved her spelling of trained irregular words, and this improvement generalized to reading accuracy and speed of trained words. Diffusion weighted imaging revealed strengthened intrahemispheric white matter connectivity of the left temporal cortex after treatment and identified interhemispheric connectivity between the occipital lobes, likely facilitated by a pathway crossing the midline via the posterior commissure. This case underlines the corpus callosum’s critical role in lexical reading and writing. It demonstrates that spelling treatment may enhance interhemispheric connectivity in corpus callosum agenesis through alternative pathways, boosting the development of a more efficient functional organization of the visual word form area within the left temporo-occipital cortex.

Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka dalam Mewujudkan Pendidikan yang Berkualitas di SDN 154 Tulekko Kebupaten Bulukumba

The main problem in this research is what is the level of implementation of the independent curriculum in realizing quality education at SDN 154 Tulekko Regency. Bulukumba. This research aims to determine the implementation of the independent curriculum in realizing quality education at SDN 154 Tulekko Regency. Bulukumba. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research, namely the data collected is in the form of words, images, not numbers. The samples used were the principal, homeroom teacher of classes I and IV and 2 students of classes I and IV. The instruments used to collect data were observation, interviews and documentation. Based on the results of research conducted by researchers regarding the implementation of the independent curriculum in realizing quality education at SDN 154 Tulekkon, Bulukumba Regency. The results obtained from the school community, namely the principal, homeroom teacher and representatives of students in grades 1 and 4, were used as informants in this research. Implementation of the Independent Curriculum at SDN 154 Tulekko, Bulukumba Regency. The implementation system is gradual, so the first year is grades 1 and 4. The second year follows grades 2 and 5. The implementation of the independent curriculum at SDN 154 Tulekko, Bulukumba Regency, which needs to be prepared, of course there is cooperation or collaboration between the school, be it the principal, teachers or students. . In this case, IKM program planning. Factors that become obstacles or obstacles in implementing independent learning at SDN 154 Tulekko, Bulukumba Regency are limited resources and difficulties in formative assessment.

Bentuk Campur Kode Ke Luar Dalam Novel Fall In Love With Senior Karya Sonya Nadila : Kajian Sosiolinguistik

Writers often use external code mixing when writing dialogue in youth genre novels. This is because teenagers often use foreign terms when speaking. This research aims to identify and describe the forms of outward mixing in the novel Fall in Love with Senior by Sonya Nadila. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method which focuses more on collecting and analyzing data involving words, narratives and descriptive images. The data collection technique used is the read and record technique. Steps to collect and analyze data include reading the novel "Fall in Love with Senior" carefully, identifying words and phrases that are forms of outward code mixing, and recording the data collected for further analysis. The results of the research show that there are 15 data regarding external code mixing in the form of words and phrases. The purpose of using external code mixing is to express praise, emphasize emotional expressions, provide motivation, and as a form of terms that are often used by teenagers.

Analisis Penerapan Etika Bisnis Islam dalam Transaksi Jual Beli Ikan Basah di Pasar Simpang Tiga Kecamatan Luhak Nan Duo Kabupaten Pasaman Barat

This research aims to find out how the application of Islamic business ethics in buying and selling transactions by wet fish traders in the Simpang Tiga market. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. This type of descriptive qualitative research is research where the aim is to provide descriptions of a fact, and properties related to the phenomenon being studied. This qualitative research has the aim of producing data in the form of oral words and how behavior is being observed. This research was conducted through direct observation and interviews with market managers as well as fish traders and fish buyers in the Simpang Tiga market, Luhak Nan Duo District, West Pasaman Regency. The results of this study are the implementation of buying and selling wet fish in the Simpang Tiga market carried out by traders on Friday at 07.00 to 18.00. At the time of the implementation of the transaction of buying and selling wet fish, there are still many traders who leave Friday prayers in order to continue trading and cheating by reducing the scales where the average reduction in scales is 0.10-0.15kg. The review of Islamic business ethics in the implementation of buying and selling wet fish in the Simpang Tiga market is not in accordance with the principles of Islamic business ethics, such as the principle of oneness (tawhid), the principle of justice, the principle of honesty, the principle of responsibility and the principle of freedom. The fraud committed by traders aims to get more profit.

Pemeroleh Tataran Fonologi Anak Usia 3 Tahun Serta Kerancuan Bahasa Yang Dialami: Kajian Psikolinguistik

This study aims to describe the acquisition of phonology in three-year-old children and the language confusion they experience. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The data collection technique used was observing, involving, and taking notes. The object of this research is the acquisition of phonology in children aged 3 years where the data is in the form of words spoken by children, while the subjects in this study are children aged 3 years. The research instrument used was an observation guide. The results of this study are descriptions of phonological acquisition in three-year-old children and the language confusion they experience which is part of a psycholinguistic study. The results of this study can be used to find out how phonology is acquired in children and to anticipate language confusion that may arise.

Personality Psychology of Characters in Kado Terbaik Novel by J.S. Khairen as an Alternative Literature Learning Material in Senior High School

This study is conducted to investigate the psychological perspective of the characters on Kado Terbaik novel by J.S. Khairen. The design of the study is qualitative research with literature psychology research design and character psychology approach. The data of this study are that includes words, sentences, paragraphs and dialogues contained in the novel Kado Terbaik indicated by material, structure and personality qualities that builds the personality of character based on personality psychological theory by Ludwig Klages. The data source of this study are a novel by J.S. Khairen entitled Kado Terbaik and the syllabus of 2013 curriculum revision year 2021 on the level of Senior High School. The data collection in this study employs a documentation technique by collecting written data in the form of words, sentences, dialogues and paragraphs obtained in the novel Kado Terbaik that related to problem of the study. The results of this study indicate that the personality of Rizki is character in the Kado Terbaik novel is good as Rizki has clear, detailed and good recall, sanguine temperament, depressive and expansive moods, active affect and strong expression, personality quality influenced by self-control and lust. In conclusion, Kado Terbaik can be one of good novels as alternative literature learning materials in eleventh graders of senior high school in second semester according to the 2013 curriculum.

Statistical Relationships Between Phonological Form, Emotional Valence and Arousal of Spanish Words.

A number of studies have provided evidence of limited non-arbitrary associations between the phonological forms and meanings of affective words, a finding referred to as affective sound symbolism. Here, we explored whether the affective connotations of Spanish words might have more extensive statistical relationships with phonological/phonetic features, or affective form typicality. After eliminating words with poor affective rating agreement and morphophonological redundancies (e.g., negating prefixes), we found evidence of significant form typicality for emotional valence, emotionality, and arousal in a large sample of monosyllabic and polysyllabic words. These affective form-meaning mappings remained significant even when controlling for a range of lexico-semantic variables. We show that affective variables and their corresponding form typicality measures are able to significantly predict lexical decision performance using a megastudy dataset. Overall, our findings provide new evidence that affective form typicality is a statistical property of the Spanish lexicon.

Perilaku Komunikasi Manusia Silver di Kota Medan

Humans are considered social creatures and cannot meet their daily needs alone This research discusses the communication behaviour of the silver community in the city of Medan The main questions of this study are: (1) What kind of communication behaviour does the Silver Man use? (2) What are the factors that affect the communication behaviour of the Silver Man in the city of Medan? The purpose of this study is to describe the communication behaviour of the Silver Man in the city of Medan This research is part of the field research category related to events in the field Using a mass-based qualitative descriptive approach to produce descriptive data in the form of text and oral words from people observed by the researcher

COMPETING DISTRIBUTIONS OF NOMINAL DIMINUTIVE SUFFIXES IN SLOVENIAN: DO NATIVE SPEAKERS’ PREFERENCES REFLECT CORPUS DATA?

The purpose of our experiment was to study the relationship between corpus data and native speakers’ preferences regarding word form variation. Specifically, we investigated how well corpus frequency distributions of masculine nominal diminutive suffixes would be reflected in the preferences of native speakers of Slovenian when choosing suffixes to form diminutives. Based on similar research conducted by Makarova (2014), we expected native speakers’ preferences to be in line with corpus distributions. Our stimuli were 33 masculine noun bases, and the diminutive suffixes observed were grouped into four categories -(č)ek, -ič, -iček, and -(e)c. We consulted Gigafida 2.0, the largest corpus of written Slovenian, to obtain frequencies of attestations for each of our target nouns with each of the diminutive suffixes. The most attested diminutive suffix category for each noun was dubbed its expected suffix. With an offline experiment we collected responses from 70 native speakers of Slovenian, who were tasked with transforming nouns in their base form into diminutives within sentence contexts. Our goal was to test whether native speakers would assign the expected suffix to the noun bases more often than some alternative suffix. The results indicated the number of expected responses exceeded the number of non-expected responses. The difference, however, was subtle, and closer examination of individual noun bases revealed a considerable variability in the shares of expected responses. Further analyses investigated potential predictors of suffix choices, including animacy, length, and expected suffix. Linear regression analyses showed the expected suffix category significantly predicted the proportion of expected responses. Notably, the suffixes -(č)ek and -(e)c emerged as significant predictors of the share of expected responses. The reasons for this variation, including the influence of the corpus characteristics, are discussed, and potential avenues for future research are suggested.

The role of handwriting in English word acquisition among elementary students

In order to investigate whether handwriting has an advantage in learning word form, sound, and meaning, this study randomly selected 40 elementary school student participants (20 males, 20 females, aged 11.4 ± 1.34 years). Using an experimental approach, we compared the learning outcomes of word sound matching, word meaning matching, and word form judgment tasks under two conditions: handwriting and visual learning. After three consecutive days of learning and testing, we found that handwriting generally outperformed visual learning in terms of accuracy and response time in word form, sound, and meaning learning. Additionally, we observed differences in the timing of significant discrepancies in learning outcomes between the two methods across the three tasks. Specifically, in terms of accuracy, discrepancies first appeared in the word sound matching task on the first day, followed by the word form judgment task, and lastly the word meaning matching task. Regarding response time, significant differences between learning methods first emerged in the word form judgment task, followed by the word sound and word meaning tasks. Thus, combining accuracy and response time data, we conclude that handwriting is more advantageous than visual learning for word acquisition, with a differential impact on word form, sound, and meaning, where word form and sound are prioritized over meaning.

Implementation of Digital Literacy in Increasing the Learning Independence of Fourth-Grade Students at SDN 1 Krandon

Indonesia is currently entering the 21st century, where almost all activities are side by side with technology, one of which is information that can be published on digital media and can be seen anywhere and at any time. The existence of digitalization, which is widespread throughout the world, gives rise to two opposing sides, namely challenges and opportunities. The use of digital technology can be a good opportunity in the world of education, namely by implementing digital-based literacy as an effort by educators to familiarize themselves with a culture of literacy and familiarize students with using digital technology wisely. With the implementation of digital literacy in schools, students are free to search for information from various sources independently. The aim of this research is to describe the implementation of digital literacy in increasing the learning independence of fourth-grade students at SD N 1 Kradon, describe the supporting and inhibiting factors in the use of digital literacy in increasing the learning independence of fourth-grade students at SD N 1 Kradon, and describe solutions to overcome factors inhibiting the use of literacy. digital in increasing the learning independence of fourth-grade students at SD N 1 Kradon. This research is descriptive qualitative research, which is a research process to understand a phenomenon by creating a comprehensive general picture presented in the form of words. Therefore, the data collected in qualitative research is presented in the form of descriptive text or narrative data. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. Validity of data using source triangulation and techniques. The data analysis techniques used in this research are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research show that the implementation of digital literacy in schools can increase student learning independence. Implementation of digital literacy can increase students' learning motivation, responsibility, initiative, and self-confidence.

Differences in Determining Ramadan and Shawwal: A Discourse Analysis of the Book Nusus al-Akhyar fi al-Shaum Wa al-Ifthar

The phenomenon of differences in the implementation determination of Eid al-Fitr in 1418 H was regretted by the Indonesian people. Responding to the emergence of differences in the determination of 1418 H, KH Maimoen Zubair through his work Nusuus al-Akhyar fi Al-Shum wa Al-Iftihar intends to provide solutions to Muslims in Indonesia in facing the differences surrounding the determination of Eid al-Fitr. This type of research is qualitative research with the research approach used being discourse analysis initiated by Van Dijk. The data used in this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. Primary data are in the form of lexemes, words, phrases, and sentences in Arabic that contain ideas about the determination of the beginning of the month of Ramadan and Shawwal in the book. Secondary data come from sources, journals, print media, online journalism, and other scientific works to find out the context of social situations that can influence the writing of the book. Data collection methods in this study are interviews and literature study. The results showed that the linguistic aspect that stands out in the discourse of persuasion is the invitation to promote unity in the midst of controversy over differences in each group; the author's ideology appears in the title, the lexemes "judge" and "hilal"; the pronouns of the time and person in the text indicate that there is a different social context from the current condition. The social conditions that appear in the book are the differences in the method of determination by Indonesian Mass Organizations and the emergence of certain polemics in 1998.

REDUPLIKASI SEMANTIS DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KATA BAHASA REMPUNG KAJIAN PERSPEKTIF DIAKRONIS

The study investigates semantic reduplication in the Rempung language, aiming to elucidate its forms, functions, and meanings. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, the research gathers data in the form of words or phrases that exhibit semantic reduplication. Data analysis methods include introspection and the speech method, encompassing direct and indirect speech, note-taking, and recording. With a diachronic perspective, the research utilizes the intralingual Equivalence method, employing both basic and advanced comparison techniques. The analysis results are presented formally and informally. The study draws upon the Simatupang theory and identifies seven forms of semantic reduplication across three categories. Semantic reduplication in the Rempung language serves two functions: inflection and derivation, each carrying nuanced meanings

One Cue's Loss Is Another Cue's Gain-Learning Morphophonology Through Unlearning.

A word often expresses many different morphological functions. Which part of a word contributes to which part of the overall meaning is not always clear, which raises the question as to how such functions are learned. While linguistic studies tacitly assume the co-occurrence of cues and outcomes to suffice in learning these functions (Baer-Henney, Kügler, & van de Vijver, 2015; Baer-Henney & van de Vijver, 2012), error-driven learning suggests that contingency rather than contiguity is crucial (Nixon, 2020; Ramscar, Yarlett, Dye, Denny, & Thorpe, 2010). In error-driven learning, cues gain association strength if they predict a certain outcome, and they lose strength if the outcome is absent. This reduction of association strength is called unlearning. So far, it is unclear if such unlearning has consequences for cue-outcome associations beyond the ones that get reduced. To test for such consequences of unlearning, we taught participants morphophonological patterns in an artificial language learning experiment. In one block, the cues to two morphological outcomes-plural and diminutive-co-occurred within the same word forms. In another block, a single cue to only one of these two outcomes was presented in a different set of word forms. We wanted to find out, if participants unlearn this cue's association with the outcome that is not predicted by the cue alone, and if this allows the absent cue to be associated with the absent outcome. Our results show that if unlearning was possible, participants learned that the absent cue predicts the absent outcome better than if no unlearning was possible. This effect was stronger if the unlearned cue was more salient. This shows that unlearning takes place even if no alternative cues to an absent outcome are provided, which highlights that learners take both positive and negative evidence into account-as predicted by domain general error-drivenlearning.

Transposition of substantive word forms into the category of adverbs of a collection: steps, signs, limits

Transposition of substantive word forms into the category of adverbs of a collection: steps, signs, limits

PENERAPAN STRATEGI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEPUASAN KERJA TENAGA PENDIDIK PADA UPT SPF SDI KASSI-KASSI I KECAMATAN RAPPOCINI KOTA MAKASSAR

This research aims to find out how to implement strategies to increase the job satisfaction of teaching staff at UPT SPF SDI Kassi-Kassi I, Rappocini District, Makassar City. This research is descriptive qualitative in nature, trying to describe the research results as they are. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation. The data obtained is then processed in the form of words or text which is then expressed in descriptive form. The subjects of this research are teaching staff, while the objects of this research are all activities related to implementing strategies to increase job satisfaction of teaching staff at UPT SPF SDI Kassi-Kassi I. The results of this research explain that there are six strategies implemented at UPT SPF SDI Kassi-Kassi I, Rappocini District, Makassar City in increasing the job satisfaction of teaching staff, namely: establishing effective communication between colleagues by communicating all activities that will be held at school, providing opportunities for teachers to take part in training and development, for example bringing in speakers to conduct KKG, reward and appreciation that are given by school principals to teaching staff, conductive working environment conditions characterized by complete learning facilities, but in terms of school security still needed to be improve, paying attention to work-life balance by dividing time so that work demands and personal matters can be carried out well, and finally participation in decision making where teaching staff are always given the opportunity by the school principal to provide input every time a meeting is held. Keywords: Strategy Implementation and Increased Job Satisfaction

Types and Classifications of Reduplications in Kelewae Language spoken in Nagekeo District-East Nusa Tenggara and The Implementation in The Classroom

The present article aims to describe the types of reduplication in Kelewae language spoken in Nagekeo District - East Nusa Tenggara and its implementation in the classroom. The study uses a descriptive qualitative method which describes the types of reduplication in Kelewae language in the form of words, phrases or sentences categorised to be concluded as the result of this writing. Therefore, this type of method is taken as an effective way to fulfil the aim of the study. The informants of this research were selected from 5 native speakers of Kelewae language. The instruments in this research are interviews and translation tasks. In this task, some sentences of types of reduplication were given in Bahasa Indonesia to be translated into Kelewae Language. The aim of the interview is to clarify the data that had been translated into Kelewae Language. The research found that using Kelewae language facilitates students to both understand the elements of reduplication and build the students' awareness of their own culture.

Negosiasi Ideologi dalam Novel Dewi Rimba Karya M. D. Idris dan N. St. Iskandar: Kajian Hegemoni Gramsci

The purpose of this research is to determine the resistance carried out by the author through ideological negotiations against the dominant ideology. This research uses a data source in the form of the novel Dewi Rimba written by M.D. Idris and N. St. Iskandar. This study used descriptive qualitative method. which leads to content analysis. This research data is in the form of words, sentences or paragraphs in the novel. Data collection was carried out using observation techniques. The results of this research are the formation of the ideology of traditionalism and humanism. The ideology of traditionalism is represented by the figures of Umar's parents and Sariah's parents. Meanwhile, the ideology of humanism is represented in the characters Umar and Sariah. As an organic intellectual, M.D. Idris and N. St. Iskandar tried to negotiate the ideology of traditionalism-humanism.