Word Form Research Articles

Campur Kode Komunikasi Jual Beli dalam Grup WhatsApp E-Commerce Perguruan Tinggi

The purpose of this research is to determine the forms of code mixing and the factors causing it in the Whatsapp group of E-Commerce Campus, the family of lecturers, and the academic community of STAIN Mandailing Natal. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The primary data collection technique involves documentation, which entails collecting chat messages in the Whatsapp group for 24 days, from March 6, 2024, to March 29, 2024. Meanwhile, secondary data consists of books and scholarly articles related to the research title. The data analysis technique utilizes Milles and Huberman's theory, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The research results reveal the forms of code mixing in the Whatsapp group of E-Commerce Campus, comprising 28 word forms and 28 phrase forms. The factors causing code mixing are multilingual ability, educational background, diverse regional backgrounds, and the tendency to follow trends in buying and selling, often using English terms such as "ready," "order," and others.

Self-Stigma, Experiences and Psychological Conditions of Mothers Having Children with Malnutrition-Stunting: Literature Review

Introduction: The problem of malnutrition and stunting is a trending global health problem that has a major impact on children's physical growth and cognitive development. The condition of the mother's mental and psychological well-being is an important substance that influences the mother's care in caring for stunted malnourished children. The mother's mental and psychological condition is related to the mother's self-acceptance. The mother's psychological dynamics are shown in the form of emotions such as anger, feeling offended, feeling embarrassed, and triggering stress because the mother is full of negative thoughts. The findings from this literature review explain the existence of unpleasant experiences while mothers care for their children. This unpleasant experience generally takes the form of words from health workers and questions from other people regarding their child's condition. Psychological and behavioral changes in mothers arise as a result of public stigma about stunted children which is seen as an indication of a lack of parental care, such as providing poor food which can risk lowering self-esteem and prevent mothers from accessing health services. Objective: This study aims to investigate in depth about the extent of the impact of self-stigma about having children with malnutrition or stunting on the psychological conditions that occur in mothers who have children with malnutrition or stunting. Method: This research uses a qualitative approach through a literature review method based on the PRISMA guide. Result: Based on several previous studies, negative community stigma regarding malnourished and stunted children has a significant impact on the psychological state of mothers. This is motivated by an unpleasant experience. There are several themes in the articles that have been reviewed. It was found that self-stigma is recognized by the perception of guilt, the concept of stigma is identified as the shame of having a child with nutritional deficiencies-stunting because they often get questions from others regarding their child's condition. The second theme is about the various psychological changes experienced by mothers. The third theme of self-stigma experienced by mothers significantly affect their behavior, often resulting in reluctance to seek health services for their children. Conclusion: The study cloncludes that self-stigma has a detrimental effect on the psychological conditions of mothers, leading to reduce health-seeking behavior and exacerbating the health issues of malnourished and stunted children. The findings underscore the need for interventions that address stigma, provide emotional support, and promote positive community attitudes towards malnutrition and stunting. It is necessary for health workers and cadres to convey information about stunting by conveying it in a kind and non-accusatory manner, and maintaining confidentiality about the child's condition by not being conveyed in public openly. In addition, to support mothers emotionally, it is necessary for health workers to develop education related to psychoeducation, counseling, promotion, emotional support, and home visits for mothers who are indicated to be absent from health services.

ANALYSIS OF KALAM INSHA' TOLABI IN THE BOOK "AL-ARBAUN AN-NISAIYYAH" BY MUHAMMAD BIN SYAKIR ASY-SYARIF (BALAGHAH APPROACH)

This research aims to determine the type of kalam insha' tholabi and reveal its position in the Book of Al-Arba'un An-Nisaiyyah. Kalam insha' tholabi is kalam which wants a demand to happen which has not happened when asked or in belief speaker. The presence of kalam insha tholabi in a sentence shows that there is a certain aim and purpose. To understand it requires an understanding of kalam insha' tholabi so that there are no errors in meaning that cause deviations from the hadith. This research is a descriptive qualitative research using the Milles and Huberman interaction model analysis method with data in the form of words or sentences from hadiths in the book Al-Arba'un An-Nisaiyyah by Muhammad Bin Syakir Asy-Syarif. This research data was collected using the method library research namely by reading and taking notes. This research discovered the types of kalam insha' tholabi and their position after being understood from siyaaqul kalam and qaraainul ahwaal, which is 17 amr, the position: 10 hakiki, and 7 majazi; 9 nahi, the position: 7 hakiki, and 2 majazi; 12 istifham, the position: 8 hakiki, and 4 majazi, 4 tamanni, the position: 4 majazi; 8 nida’, the position: 7 hakiki, and 1 majazi.

PHATIC COMMUNICATION IN ONLINE ENGLISH CLASS DISCUSSIONS THROUGH FACEBOOK COMMENTS

Phatic communication refers to small talks that aim to form ties of personal union between people or the speakers. Especially in this digital age, phatic communication is somehow still used. This research aims to uncover the kinds and functions of phatic communication used by Indonesian students who have been doing online classes through Facebook, responding to their classmates‘ material presentations, and having discussions in the comment column. This current study employs the qualitative method with the document analysis technique. The data of this recent study is the phatic communication used by students during the online course through Facebook, and the data was examined through document analysis techniques from the students‘ Facebook comments activity in the form of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences related to phatic expressions. Moreover, the data was analyzed through the following steps: 1) labeling the related data; 2) classifying the data into its types and functions; 3) interpreting the data findings; and 4) drawing conclusions.The study‘s main finding is the appearance of phatic expressions, for instance, greeting, thankfulness,compliment, apology, encouragement, and wishing to each other. As the typical conversation is made online through social media platforms such as Facebook, we suggest that some language or conversation styles like abbreviations, non-standard spelling, and emojis have also appeared.

Word Forms Reflect Trade-Offs Between Speaker Effort and Robust Listener Recognition.

How do cognitive pressures shape the lexicons of natural languages? Here, we reframe George Kingsley Zipf's proposed "law of abbreviation" within a more general framework that relates it to cognitive pressures that affect speakers and listeners. In this new framework, speakers' drive to reduce effort (Zipf's proposal) is counteracted by the need for low-frequency words to have word forms that are sufficiently distinctive to allow for accurate recognition by listeners. To support this framework, we replicate and extend recent work using the prevalence of subword phonemic sequences (phonotactic probability) to measure speakers' production effort in place of Zipf's measure of length. Across languages and corpora, phonotactic probability is more strongly correlated with word frequency than word length. We also show this measure of ease of speech production (phonotactic probability) is strongly correlated with a measure of perceptual difficulty that indexes the degree of competition from alternative interpretations in word recognition. This is consistent with the claim that there must be trade-offs between these two factors, and is inconsistent with a recent proposal that phonotactic probability facilitates both perception and production. To our knowledge, this is the first work to offer an explanation why long, phonotactically improbable word forms remain in the lexicons of naturallanguages.

Statistical relationships between surface form and sensory meanings of English words influence lexical processing.

Across spoken languages, there are some words whose acoustic features resemble the meanings of their referents by evoking perceptual imagery, i.e., they are iconic (e.g., in English, "splash" imitates the sound of an object hitting water). While these sound symbolic form-meaning relationships are well-studied, relatively little work has explored whether the sensory properties of English words also involve systematic (i.e., statistical) form-meaning mappings. We first test the prediction that surface form properties can predict sensory experience ratings for over 5,000 monosyllabic and disyllabic words (Juhasz & Yap, 2013), confirming they explain a significant proportion of variance. Next, we show that iconicity and sensory form typicality, a statistical measure of how well a word's form aligns with its sensory experience rating, are only weakly related to each other, indicating they are likely to be distinct constructs. To determine whether form typicality influences processing of sensory words, we conducted regression analyses using lexical decision, word recognition, naming and semantic decision tasks from behavioral megastudy data sets. Across the data sets, sensory form typicality was able to predict more variance in performance than sensory experience or iconicity ratings. Further, the effects of typicality were consistently inhibitory in comprehension (i.e., more typical forms were responded to more slowly and less accurately), whereas for production the effect was facilitatory. These findings are the first evidence that systematic form-meaning mappings in English sensory words influence their processing. We discuss how language processing models incorporating Bayesian prediction mechanisms might be able to account for form typicality in the lexicon. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Reading Reshapes Stimulus Selectivity in the Visual Word Form Area.

Reading depends on a brain region known as the "visual word form area" (VWFA) in the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex. This region's function is debated because its stimulus selectivity is not absolute, it is modulated by a variety of task demands, and it is inconsistently localized. We used fMRI to characterize the combination of sensory and cognitive factors that activate word-responsive regions that we precisely localized in 16 adult humans (4 male). We then presented three types of character strings: English words, pseudowords, and unfamiliar characters with matched visual features. Participants performed three different tasks while viewing those stimuli: detecting real words, detecting color in the characters, and detecting color in the fixation mark. There were three primary findings about the VWFA's response: (1) It preferred letter strings over unfamiliar characters even when the stimuli were ignored during the fixation task. (2) Compared with those baseline responses, engaging in the word reading task enhanced the response to words but suppressed the response to unfamiliar characters. (3) Attending to the stimuli to judge their color had little effect on the response magnitudes. Thus, the VWFA is uniquely modulated by a cognitive signal that is specific to voluntary linguistic processing and is not additive. Functional connectivity analyses revealed that communication between the VWFA and a left frontal language area increased when the participant engaged in the linguistic task. We conclude that the VWFA is inherently selective for familiar orthography, but it falls under control of the language network when the task demands it.

Analisis Pelaksanaan Rujukan Pasien Rawat Jalan Peserta BPJS Kesehatan di Puskesmas Mataram

The referral system is a healthcare management system that carries out the transfer of mutually accountable responsibilities for a specific medical case or health problem either vertically, meaning from a less capable unit to a more capable unit, or horizontally, meaning among units of similar capabilities. The referral system regulates the flow of where someone with a particular health problem should seek examination for their health issues. The purpose of this research is to analyze the Implementation of Outpatient Referral for Participants of the Health Social Security Agency (BPJS Kesehatan) at Mataram Community Health Center. The method used in this research employs a qualitative descriptive approach to gain an overview of the analysis of outpatient referral implementation for BPJS Kesehatan participants at Mataram Community Health Center. Descriptive means that the data collected are in the form of words, images, and not numerical values. The findings of the research indicate that the implementation of outpatient referral at the Community Health Center shows that it has not fully run smoothly. Patient knowledge varies, with some understanding and others not understanding. The facilities and infrastructure are still lacking, some diseases diagnosed under code 144 are still referred, many referrals are initiated by the patients themselves, and there are outpatient referrals from outside healthcare facilities.

EFEKTIVITAS METODE DISKUSI DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA DALAM MATA PELAJARAN AKIDAH AKHLAK DI MI AINUL ULUM 01 KAROBELAH MOJOAGUNG JOMBANG

Abstract This research aims to describe the effectiveness of the discussion method in improving student learning achievement in the Aqidah Akhlak subject and determine the influencing factors at MI Ainul Ulum 01 Kerobelah Mojoagung Jombang. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach, so the presence of researchers in the field is very important. Data in the form of words was obtained from informants, while additional data was in the form of documents. The data collection technique is through interviews, observation and documentation. Meanwhile, data analysis is carried out by reviewing existing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions/verifying data. The results of this research show that the effectiveness of the discussion method has a positive impact in improving student learning achievement in the Aqidah Akhlak subject. Evidence that this learning process is effective is that students are interested, motivated, interested and active during the learning process using the discussion method. Keywords : Effectiveness; Discussion Method; Student Learning Achievement

THE EFFECT OF FLY SWATTER GAME ON STUDENTS VOCABULARY MASTERY FOR ELEVENTH GRADE

In learning English, vocabulary is one of the language aspects and is the most important component as a communication tool that students must master as a basis for mastering English. Vocabulary means basic knowledge and useful material in the form of words that are always used by students in learning a particular language. The aim of this research is to examine the effect of using the fly swatter game on the learning and vocabulary mastery of class XI students at SMA Negeri 2 Metro. This study used a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design. The researcher used the fly swatter game as a teaching technique in the experimental class, while the conventional teaching technique will used in the controlled class. The results of the study using hypothesis testing show that the first test uses a significance level of 5% or a significance level of 0.05. sig. (2-tailed). The t-count (1.420) is lower than the t-table (2,000) with a significance of (0.165) > 0.05. Therefore, it can be said that teaching English vocabulary mastery using the Fly Swatter Game is effective but not significant.

Makna dan Tradisi Pukul Manyapu di Negeri Morella Kecamatan Leihitu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah

The land of Morella is one of the customary lands found in the Leihitu Peninsula. In this Morella Country, a traditional ceremony has taken place that has been carried out for generations known as "Traditional Ceremony Hit Sweep" or also known as "hit broom sticks" Traditional ceremonies are usually held by the local community to coincide with the 7th day (Shawwal) after the celebration of Eid al-Fitr 1 Shawwal every Hijri Year. This study aims to determine the implementation and traidisi of the time of manyapu in the Morella State Community. The type of research is qualitative descriptive, which is a research process that is carried out to analyze information obtained from the community in the form of words, daily behaviors of the community in the tradition of hitting manyapu. The data collection technique uses observation, interview and literature studies or documentation. The data from this study was analyzed qualitatively. The findings of this study, namely the Hit Manyapu attraction, were carried out as a form of commemoration of the struggle of Kapitan Telukabessy, Ahmad Leikawa, in his struggle against the Netherlands colonizers. As a result of the struggle, several young men from the country of Morella were held captive by the Netherlands for three months. This attraction has been maintained to this day. The values and norms that grow and develop in people's lives are actualized in the form of traditional culture and traditions of Tik Manyapu and preserved from one generation to the next

ERROR ANALYSIS OF NON–ENGLISH STUDENTS IN WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT

This study aims to analyze the common errors that students made in writing Narrative Text. This study was made in November of their first semester. In getting data, the writer used descriptive analysis and purposive sampling to determine the subject of samtple. This study is undertaken at Islamic Education Major of Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam (STAI) Islamic Centre Demak in the first semester of the academic years of 2023/2024. The participants of the study were three students of Islamic Education Major of STAI IC Demak. The findings indicate that Word Form (13,25%), Word Choice (6,20%), Verb Tense (32,55%), Add/ Omit Word (12,04%), Spelling (7,22), Punctuation (7,22%), Capitalization (13,25%), Article (6,63%), Singular-Plural (3,61%), Word Order (1,20%), Incomplete Sentence (2,40%), Meaning Not Clear (6,02%), Run-on Sentence (5,61%). So, this study states that the most students’ error types are verb tense because of Intralingual Transfer and Overgeneralization.

Stylistic Analysis of Francis Bacon’s Selected Essays

This paper is an attempt to analyze stylistically Bacon’s essays. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the writing style of Francis Bacon in the following selected essays (Of Studies, Of Revenge, OF Ambition, and Of Marriage and Single Live). Researchers analyzed the writing style of Bacon in these essays, specifically the aphoristic style. One of the most crucial characteristics of Bacon’s essays style is aphorism. It is a style which specified by direct, straightforward, pithy and concise language. Apart from this, utilitarianism which is another feature of Bacon’s essays style, has been clarified clearly. Utilitarianism is a philosophy of thought that maintain and support that the foremost actions are those that create the most happiness for the greatest number of people. In fact, researchers have found some elements regarding the selected essays such as didacticism, mannerism as well as worldly wisdom that introduce Francis Bacon as utilitarian writer. Moreover, other crucial elements of Bacon’s essays such as quotations, impersonality, as well as paragraph have been analyzed very briefly in this paper. Actually, this study is based on qualitative research. Research design was the textual analysis in order to analyze the text. The main instrument was the text of Francis Bacon’s selected essays. The data were in the form of lines, sentences, phrases and words. To analyze the text, the researchers have used steps such as paraphrasing, analyzing, identification and classification. Finally, the result of this study shows the writing style of Francis Bacon which is based on the aphoristic, utilitarianism and other significant elements, like usage of impressive quotations, unique paragraph and Bacon’s objectivity regarding to his essays.

Students' Perception on the Use of English Pop Song in Improving the Skill of Pronunciation

This research aimed to find out or to investigate the students’ perception on the use of English pop song in enhancing pronunciation those are internal and external factors of perception. This research design was descriptive qualitative research method with study case approach. The research conducted focused on tenth-grade students of SMA Swasta YP HKBP 1 Pematangsiantar, comprising four classes with a total population of 78 students. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires containing 25 statements regarding students' perceptions on the use of English pop songs in improving pronunciation. These questionnaires were presented in the form of a Likert scale, ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The data analyzed in form of words, definitions, quotations, statements and figure that supporting in this research. The result showed that students had good or positive perceptions on the use of English pop song in enhancing pronunciation. From 25 questionnaires, only one items that students mostly chose disagree and strongly disagree which is never practice to pronounce cleary by repeating unique words or sentences in the lyrics. The rest of questionnaires were perceived positively where most of students chose agree as their responses to the statements. It can be concluded that English pop song gave a good and positive perception or impact and can be alternative way in teaching and learning process especially in learning pronunciation.

Multiple evolutionary pressures shape identical consonant avoidance in the world’s languages

Languages disfavor word forms containing sequences of similar or identical consonants, due to the biomechanical and cognitive difficulties posed by patterns of this sort. However, the specific evolutionary processes responsible for this phenomenon are not fully understood. Words containing sequences of identical consonants may be more likely to arise than those without; processes of word form mutation may be more likely to remove than create sequences of identical consonants in word forms; finally, words containing identical consonants may die out more frequently than those without. Phylogenetic analyses of the evolution of homologous word forms indicate that words with identical consonants arise less frequently than those without. However, words with identical consonants do not die out more frequently than those without. Further analyses reveal that forms with identical consonants are replaced in basic meaning functions more frequently than words without. Taken together, results suggest that the underrepresentation of sequences of identical consonants is overwhelmingly a by-product of constraints on word form coinage, though processes related to word usage also serve to ensure that such patterns are infrequent in more salient vocabulary items. These findings clarify aspects of processes of lexical evolution and competition that take place during language change, optimizing communicative systems.

Makna Leksikal dan Gramatikal dalam Lagu Zona Nyaman Fourtwnty (Kajian Semantik)

This research was conducted to examine the lexical and grammatical meanings of the song Zona Comfort sung by Fourtwnty using sematic studies. Lexical and grammatical meanings themselves are part of sematic studies which are generally found in writing, including song lyrics. Lexical and grammatical meanings themselves are common meanings contained in a language used in communication, both communicating directly and communicating in writing, for example conveying lexical and grammatical meanings contained in song lyrics. This study adopts the song Zona Comfort performed by Fourtwnty because it is felt to contain both lexical and grammatical meanings in it. This research was conducted using a microstructural approach in the form of lexical cohesion and grammatical cohesion. This research is presented in a qualitative descriptive form. Qualitative descriptive data obtained in the form of words, language, meaning, and the results of sentence analysis in the form of lexical and grammatical cohesion. The source of the data obtained from this study is the source of the lyrics of the song Zona Comfort which is analyzed and studies regarding the understanding of lexical and grammatical meanings. The results of this study are that the song Zona Depan performed by the band Fourtwnty contains lexical and grammatical meanings precisely in the aspects of reference, ellipsis and conjunctions in the grammatical meaning. As well as aspects of repetition, anonym, collocation, and synonyms in the lexical meaning.

Register in Ensemble Stars Music Game

This research aims to describe the linguistic form, discover the meaning, and identify the register's function in the Ensemble Stars Music game. The theories applied are Finegan's theory to describe register linguistic forms, Halliday's theory to find register meaning, and identify register functions. This study uses a qualitative methodology by way of discourse analysis. The data taken is in the form of words related to gameplay. From the 25 data found, there are 14 single words, 7 compound words, and 4 shortenings divided into 3 initialisms and 1 acronym. Regarding the meaning discovered, most registers are classified as open variations compared to closed ones. Based on the analysis, the register function that appears the most is personal. In addition, the registers also have imaginative, representational, interactional, and instrumental functions.

THE TYPES AND FUNCTIONS OF SLANG USED ON TWITTER IN MILLENNIAL ERA

This study analyzes the slang used by Twitter users during the Millennial era. The research aims to identify and classify the types of slang words and their functions. It employs qualitative methods, gathering slang data from tweets by Twitter users. The analysis is based on two theories: Abdul Chaer's theory, which categorizes word forms, and Patridge's theory, which explains the functions of slang on Twitter. The study identifies and classifies slang into four categories: basic words, derivative words, acronyms, and abbreviations. In total, 65 slang words were found, including 21 basic words, 6 derivative words, 9 acronyms, and 28 abbreviations. The study also identifies five functions of slang on Twitter: for jokes or fun, to appear unique and modern, to enhance readability and aesthetics, to avoid formalities, and to expand vocabulary.

Dynamic Verbs in Peaky Blinders Season 1

The need to be able to understand what other people convey is very important for humans as social beings. Humans communicate through words that have forms and meanings that contain ideas, intentions, or emotions. This research was written to find out the meaning in the form of an action of a word form, namely a dynamic verb when it is associated with the whole sentence. Dynamic verbs and their types that will be analyzed are taken from the popular series, Peaky Blinders Season 1 Episode 1 and Episode 2. The writer took thirty data to be the object of the analysis. The qualitative method is the method used in the preparation of this study based on Saeed (2016) who divides dynamic verbs into four types namely, durative-punctual and telic-atelic as the main theory. The findings were: three data were declared as durative-atelic with a percentage of 10%, ten data were declared as punctual-telic with a percentage of 33.3%, and seventeen data were declared as durative-telic with a percentage of 56.7%. There are three positions from the findings, namely durative-telic as the most type, punctual-telic in the middle position, and durative-atelic as the least.

An Analysis of Jargon used by Asian Comic Writers

This research aims to find out the jargon used by comic writers as a social group. This research was applying the qualitative descriptive method to collect data. The method used to analyze the meaning and function of jargon is descriptive analysis which is visible in each paragraph. Collecting data was carried out by finding out the jargon on Asian comics such as manga, manhwa, and manhua on the website. The results of this research show the meaning and function of jargon used by comic writers. Jargon is a variety of language which is used by certain social groups or professions and is not understood by other groups. Research regarding the use of jargon in Asian comics can be conclude that jargon is used by comic writers to describe their work. The jargon found is in the form of words, phrases, acronyms, and abbreviations. The function of jargon used by comic writers is to identify and describe the word. This research proves that the use of jargon is not only in other communities but also in the comic writing community. The weakness of this research is that some comics still use Chinese, Korean, and Japanese terms. This is because there are no equivalent English words that is suitable to describe it. The words are dantian, qi, and mana. Researcher hope this writing can be a reference for future researchers to do a researching in other aspects of comics relate with linguistics or language learning media. Keywords: Asian Comics, Comics Writer, Jargon, Language Variety, Sociolinguistic