Word Form Research Articles

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Improving Customer Experience at PT Chubb Life Insurance Medan

This research discusses the application of Artificial Intelligence in improving Customer Experience at PT Chubb Life Insurance Medan. Artificial Intelligence plays an important role in increasing customer loyalty and customer relationships. Artificial intelligence is a symbol of the emergence of the industrial revolution 4.0 era which is intended to provide convenience for users, in various sectors, especially in the insurance sector. With Artificial Intelligence, customers can easily connect with each other without having to be on location, or formulate an event or condition. The approach used in this research is qualitative, which is intended to understand the phenomena experienced by the research subject. This research produces data in the form of descriptive words and written words about people and observed behavior. The results of this study indicate that the application of Customer Corner in improving Customer Experience has a positive impact. Various service features in the Customer Corner web are online customer services that make it easy for customers to get policy information, partner hospitals, and claim forms. How to check the balance of Chubb Life insurance or the amount of the annual limit can also be seen in the Chubb Life online customer portal.

Лингвокультурное освоение заимствований в сетевом медиадискурсе как проявление процессов глокализации

The work analyzes some innovative phenomena in the Russian language as a manifestation of glocalization in the online media discourse. The article focuses on the phenomenon of linguacultural assimilation of borrowings, which consists in the lexical, word-formation, grammatical and linguapragmatic transformation of root or affix elements of foreign language origin in accordance with the original Russian models of language implementation of lexemes, word forms and pragmemes. This assimilation process reflects the principles of the linguistic conceptualization of the world characteristic of a particular nation. The purpose of the study is to describe the current linguistic, communicative, pragmatic, cognitive and discursive features of this process in the Russian online media discourse. The research is based on the principles of the cognitive and discursive approach, methods of integrative analysis of Internet communication, as well as on the ideas of pragmalinguistic description of the emotional and evaluative sphere of language signs. The language data of the newspaper corpus in the Russian National Corpus is analyzed. The features of acculturation of borrowings at the lexical and semantic, formal and grammatical levels of the language are described. Particular attention is paid to communicative and pragmatic cultural russification of foreign language elements, which lies in the fact that words with a foreign language component at a certain stage of their functioning expand the possible areas of use, going beyond the initially specialized area of use associated with the realities of computer technology, Internet communications and social networks. Based on the analysis of such lexemes as flud / fludit’, frend / frendit’, ban / banit’ (zabanit’), spam / spamit’ (zaspamit’), troll’ / trolit’ (zatrollit’), it is concluded that the reflexes of the language expansion of new formations with a foreign language component considered in the work contribute to increasing the expressive and linguacreative potential of the Russian language.

Nilai Profetik Dalam Novel Bidadari Bermata Bening Karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy dan Implikasi terhadap Pembelajaran Sastra di Madrasah Aliyah

This study aims to determine the prophetic values in the novel Bidadari Bermata Bening by Habiburrahman El Shirazy and Implications for Literature Learning in Madrasah Aliyah (MA). In this thesis, researchers use analytical techniques or qualitative descriptive methods. Descriptive qualitative is qualitative data in the form of words, schemes, and images. The process of data analysis is carried out by reading, analyzing the prophetic values in the novel Bidadari Bermata Bening by Habiburrahman El Shirazy. Based on data analysis, the results of analysis in the aspect of prophetic values were found through conversations and narratives in the novel Bidadari Bermata Bening by Habiburrahman El Shirazy, it is known that there are 3 (three) elements of prophetic values in it, namely 1. Humanization (Amar Ma'ruf), 2. Liberation (Nahi Munkar), 3. Transcendence (Tu'minunna Billah). Researchers found 95 prophetic values in the novel Bidadari Bermata Bening by Habiburrahman El Shirazy including (39 values of humanization or amar ma'ruf, 26 values of liberation or nahi munkar, 30 values of transcendence or tu'minunna billah). The results of this study revealed the prophetic values in the novel Bidadari Bermata Bening by Habiburrahman El Shirazy which narrowed down into three aspects. First humanization, humanization in this study is to produce far hatred, always do good to anyone who hurts, respect and respect parents, care for others and always invite in terms of kindness. Both liberations, liberation in this study is related to the rejection of corruption, eradication from ignorance, acquittal from vile accusations or slander, and discussion of the entanglement of use in political matters. Third, transcendence in this study is concerned with acknowledging God's power and power with complete conviction that everything and all motion and action proceeds from Him. Keywords: Prophetic Value, Qualitative Descriptive, Clear Eyed Angel Novel

Grammatical Type of Stepwise Transposition of Nominal Word Form ‘ryadom’ [near] into Subclass of Manner Adverbs

The relevance of the study is determined by the necessity of a systematic analysis of the linguistic mechanism of transposition, which produces a vast range of peripheral and hybrid formations in speech. The investigation of degrees of adverbial transposition of nouns has revealed certain regularities in the interaction of semantic and grammatical aspects within the structure of adverbialized word forms. Using the example of the word form ‘ryadom’ [near], different stages of adverbialization of instrumental case forms have been demonstrated, indicating the degree of deviation from nouns and convergence with adverbs. By employing the methodology of oppositional analysis (with a scale of transitivity) and indexing, it has been established that within the periphery of the adverbial class, there are proper grammatical (functional) adverbs that do not disrupt the semantic identity of the original lexemes and represent a distinct (adverbial) type of usage. The analysis of the syncretic structure of the peripheral adverb ‘ryadom’ [near] has shown that it exhibits 4% correspondence to the differential features of the core noun ‘ryadom’ (‘row’ in the instrumental case) and 64% correspondence to the differential features of the core adverb ‘ryadom’ [near]. These findings can be utilized in further exploration of intercategorical transposition and syncretism of linguistic units, as well as in the development of a transpositional grammar for the Russian.

Penanaman Nilai Karakter Jujur Anak Melalui Kegiatan Bermain Peran Di Kelompok B PAUD Nusa Indah

The aim of this research is to determine the value of children's honest character through role-playing activities in group B PAUD Nusa Indah. This research was conducted on all children in group B PAUD Nusa Indah. This type of research is This research is in accordance with descriptive qualitative methods. The data collected is in the form of words, images, and not numbers. This is caused by the application of qualitative methods. Based on the results of research and discussions conducted by researchers regarding instilling the value of honest character in children through role-playing activities, this activity has proven to be effective in changing children's behavior and thoughts regarding honesty. Instilling the value of honest character in children can have a positive impact on the child himself, and the people around him, including friends, teachers and parents at home. Through this role playing activity, children are taught to act as honest people, what the impact would be if they were not honest in everyday life.

ANALISIS CAMPUR KODE PADA PERCAKAPAN MASYARAKATA DI DESA SISOBAHILI KECAMATAN SUSUA KABUPATEN NIAS SELATAN

This research was motivated by the code mixing of the Nias regional language and Indonesian in the conversations of the people of Sisobahili village, Susua District, South Nias Regency. This research aims (1) to describe the forms of code mixing in community conversations in Sisobahili village, Susua District, South Nias Regency (2) to determine the factors behind the occurrence of code mixing in community conversations in Sisobahili village, Susua District, South Nias Regency. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. The research findings obtained by researchers are forms of code mixing in the conversations of the people of Sisobahili village, Susua District, South Nias Regency in the form of words, phrases, bastards, repetition of words, expressions/idioms and factors that cause code mixing in the conversations of the people of Sisobahili village, Susua District, Regency. South Nias in the form of role identification, variety identification, and the desire to explain/interpret. So it can be concluded that the forms of code mixing that occur in the conversations of the people of Sisobahili village, Susua District, South Nias Regency are in the form of words, phrases, bastards, repetition of words and expressions/idioms and the factors causing the emergence of code mixing in the conversations of the people of Sisobahili village, Susua District, South Nias Regency in the form of role identification, variety identification, the desire to explain and interpret, the researcher suggests to students that this research can be used as a basis for further research in the field of sociolinguistics for language teaching, for society, so that this research can increase society's insight or realize that mixed use code can cause the extinction of the Nias regional language, for readers, the use of code mixing is not good when communicating. Everyone should be able to use the correct language or use the real language and let's preserve the Nias regional language so that it doesn't perish and disappear.

Sense-aware connective-based indices of cohesion and their relationship to cohesion ratings of English language learners’ written production

Abstract The use of connectives has been considered important for assessing the cohesion of written texts (Crossley et al., 2019). However, existing connective-based indices have not systematically addressed two issues of ambiguity, namely, that between discourse and non-discourse use of polysemous word forms and that in terms of the specific discourse relations marked by polysemous discourse connectives (Pitler & Nenkova, 2009). This study proposes 34 sense-aware connective-based indices of cohesion that account for these issues and assesses their predictive power for cohesion ratings in comparison to 25 existing indices. Results from the analysis of 3,911 argumentative essays from the English Language Learner Insight, Proficiency and Skills Evaluation Corpus show that 23 sense-aware indices but only three existing indices correlated significantly and meaningfully with cohesion ratings. The sense-aware indices also exhibited greater predictive power for cohesion ratings than existing indices. The implications of our findings for future cohesion research are discussed.

THE PLACE OF NON-SYNTACTIC GRAMMATICAL MEANINGS IN F. FORTUNATOV’S THEORY ON THE GRAMMATICAL FORMS OF WORDS AND A. POTEBNYA’S THEORY ON THE INNER FORM OF THE WORD

The article attempts to establish a connection between the linguistic theories of F.F. Fortunatov and A.A. Potebnya. It is known that in nouns that name people and animals important to humans, the grammatical meanings of gender indicate their biological sex. As for the nouns that name inanimate objects, as well as some other animals, their grammatical meanings of gender for quite a long time were estimated by linguists as relics of an ancient form of thinking incomprehensible to modern people. However, if we consider the grammatical meanings of gender as a component of the inner form of the word, it becomes clear that when creating words, the meanings of the masculine gender were used to indicate the presence of such properties in objects that are inherent in male beings, such as their relatively greater activity, larger size, greater strength and greater independence. In turn, feminine grammatical meanings reflected the absence of these properties. The article emphasizes the similarity between the grammatical meanings of gender of nouns and the inner forms of words in their traditional lexicological understanding: (1) in different languages, the names of the same objects can have different grammatical gender meanings, (2) at the time of the appearance of a word, its inner form indicate the connection between the word and its lexical meaning, but over time inner forms can be obscured or lost, (3) like the traditional inner forms, the grammatical meanings of gender can either represent one of the components of the lexical meaning of the word, or may be part of its connotations.

Idiosyncratic Expression: Analysis of the Junior Students’ Paragraph Writing Test

The study analyzes the errors in the idiosyncratic expressions of 2nd-semester undergraduates in the English Language Education Program at Tanjungpura University. The objectives of the study are to describe the types of errors encountered in the students’ idiosyncratic expressions. The method of research is descriptive. The research participants were the 2nd-semester undergraduate students of the English Language Education Program of Tanjungpura University. The data were collected from corpora written by the students. Idiosyncrasy occurred in the students’ text. 187 constructions, out of 244, were deemed idiosyncratic. the types of errors found in the students’ idiosyncratic expressions were verb form errors (24,60%), subject and verb agreement errors (19,25%), plurality errors (9,63%), pronoun errors (9,09%), preposition errors (9,63%), verb tense errors (8,56%), word form errors (8,56%), article errors (5,88%) and word order errors (4,81%).

Artificial language creation as a tool for assessing children’s metalinguistic abilities

The author aims to analyse two projects of the artificial language Uniling. They were created by students of years 5 to 11 within the linguistic framework of the "Formula de Integreco" training camp in June 2017 and January 2018. The research methods included structural analysis of the artificial language, as well as its creation process in comparison with Russian, i. e. the native language for all participants in the experiment. Research results: the specific conditions for artificial language development enable us to trace the stages of its accelerated "evolution" and complexity buildup at all levels. The latter becomes possible by shifting the initial focus away from observing the economy principle in language and raising randomly occurring exceptions to the status of a rule. Such rules are further extrapolated to other same-level units of the artificial language. This indicates that children attach importance to the concept of linguistic norm, as well as the possibility of clear grammatical differentiation when the grammatical meaning is secondary relative to the lexical-conceptual one. Children give no less significance to the inner form of words, which makes it possible to create lexemes employing the means of the artificial language itself without relying on the material of natural substrate languages. Moreover, the inner form helps to outline the systemic connections within the thematic groups. However, the hypernym/hyponym relations are obviously weak as generic concepts are not found in the Uniling lexis. At the same time, the aesthetics and euphony notions often come to the fore, which is reflected in the expression plane of artificial language lexemes and in the idea of the pragmatic potential of the language. This is most clearly seen at the syntax level due to the introduction of particular semantic role markers not typical of the Russian language (benefactives and malefactives). Conclusions: artificial language analysis enables us to identify the strengths and weaknesses of children’s metalinguistic representations, which can be considered in the process of teaching Russian at school.

The role of consciousness in Chinese nominal metaphor processing: a psychophysical approach

Abstract Conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) holds that most conceptual metaphors are processed unconsciously. However, whether multiple words can be integrated into a holistic metaphoric sentence without consciousness remains controversial in cognitive science and psychology. This study aims to investigate the role of consciousness in processing Chinese nominal metaphoric sentences ‘A是B’ (A is[like] B) with a psychophysical experimental paradigm referred to as breaking continuous flash suppression (b-CFS). We manipulated sentence types (metaphoric, literal and anomalous) and word forms (upright, inverted) in a two-staged experiment (CFS and non-CFS). No difference was found in the breakthrough times among all three types of sentences in the CFS stage, while literal sentences were detected more slowly than either metaphoric or anomalous sentences in the non-CFS stage. The results suggest that the integration of multiple words may not succeed without the participation of consciousness, let alone metaphoric processing. These findings may redefine ‘unconscious’ in CMT as ‘preconscious’ and support the indirect access view regarding how the metaphoric meaning is processed in the brain.

Transpositional transformations of the adverbialized instrumental case of a name in the nuclear adverbs’ zone

INTRODUCTION. The study of the transitivity and syncretism’s phenomena at different levels of the language system is one of the urgent modern linguistics’ tasks. The relevance of the study is due to the need for a the stages’ and limits’ comprehensive analysis of the substantive word forms’ adverbial transposition, as well as the interaction features of grammatical and semantic in syncrets representing different stages of adverbialization. The purpose of the study is to deduce the signs and the limit of the functional–semantic transposition of the creative case without a preposition into the adverbs class.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research material used is sentences from the National Corpus of the Russian Language and the authors’ own examples. In the course of the analysis of linguistic units, methods of oppositional analysis and indexing, elements of component, transformational and distributive analysis are used.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. When analyzing the types of substantive word forms’ use in the adverbialization context different degrees (stages) of their departure from nouns and approximation to adverbs are revealed. The focus is on word forms such as “next”, explicating the core zone of the substantive adverbs.CONCLUSION. When indexing the functional and semantic adverbialization degrees of the word form “next”, it is found that it demonstrates in the area of the core of adverbs 0 % compliance with the original nuclear noun and 73 % compliance with the substantive nuclear adverbs (“gift”). The results obtained can be used in the quantitative study of the adverbialization degrees of other nonprepositional nouns’ forms in the Russian language, as well as in the general problems development of the transposition and syncretism theory.

Investigating the Unproductive Morphological Forms in Indonesian Language

This study entailed an investigation into the unproductive morphological forms in the Indonesian language. This study analyzed these forms’ nature, patterns, and potential linguistic implications to uncover the reasons behind their existence and persistence. The study employed descriptive approached and data-based methodologies, utilizing the SEAlang Library Indonesian Corpus (SLIC) as the primary data source. The results revealed unique features of unproductive morphological forms in Indonesian, characterized by specific affixational patterns, including the morphologically marked infixes {-em-}, {-er-}, {-el-}, and {-in-}. These forms also exhibited semantic limitations limited to particular word classes or semantic domains. Additionally, a confluence of cognitive and linguistic influences contributed to the phenomenon of unproductive word forms. The study also identified boundaries and constraints within morphological productivity, exploring unproductive morphological forms to provide insights into the micro-change of the language. This study’s findings could advance broader aspects of morphological theory and language description.

Language Acculturation of Javanese and Madurese Communities: Slang Variations of Pendalungan Teenagers in Jember Regency

This study aims to explain the formation and reasons for the use of slang language of Pendalungan teenagers in Jember Regency. This research used descriptive qualitative method. The research data is in the form of words from Javanese and Madurese acculturation that contain slang language forms and spoken by teenagers in daily communication. Data collection used observation technique supported by listen-engage-note technique. The data analysis technique used is the commensurate (padan) method and the agih method. Based on the results of this study, there are four categories of slang variation formation in terms of morphological formation, namely: (1) Abbreviations, such as the abbreviation LA and the acronym Kardiman. (2) New Words, such as cungucui, pacapa, crème, and tompes. (3) Reduplication, such as ya megaya, and rep sekarep. (4) Inserts, such as cellepnya and ngabesnya. The reasons for using slang consist of five reasons, namely (1) familiarity, (2) solid and concrete, (3) user creativity, (4) group recognition, and (5) enriching vocabulary. The conclusion of the research findings shows the formation of slang language by absorbing Javanese and Madurese as well as new words that are different from the original language. Pendalungan teenagers in Jember district dominantly use slang language which is mixed with Javanese, Madurese, and Indonesian daily language.

Olah Kata Sosio-Kultural

This research aims to describe the phenomenon of word processing which has socio-cultural meaning. This type of research is qualitative research. Qualitative research is research used to obtain more in-depth data, namely data that contains meaning. The meaning in question is the actual data in the form of words, sentences and discourse. The data in this research are words, phrases, sentences written by social media users which imply socio-cultural meaning. Data collection techniques in this research are library techniques and note-taking techniques. Library technique is a data collection technique by examining books and journal articles that are related to the problem being solved. The note technique is a technique for noting several forms that are relevant for research on written language use. The data analysis technique in research is descriptive analysis through the steps of identifying data, classifying data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. As a result of this research, the researcher found five examples of socio-cultural words, including: 1) Black skin, curly hair, I'm Papuan Bae sonde bae land of Timor lebe bae 3) Jogja is special, the country is special, the people are special, Bali Island Attractive Gods, Ama Mawolo, Ina Marawi.

EFL Student-Teachers’ Perception Toward Teaching English Vocabulary Through Poetry

Poetry has been reported to promote language awareness and authentic learning sources. As poems are composed in carefully arranged words to form rhyming sounds with beautiful rhythm, the present study aimed to reveal EFL students' perceptions of using poetry to teach English vocabulary. Conducted qualitatively, the present observed eighty-seven short essays on using English poems for improving students' vocabulary written by student-teachers from an English Language Education Department in Bali. It was revealed that the student-teachers perceived poetry to help improve students' acquisition of word form, use, and meaning. Forty-four students wrote poems that could improve students' understanding of English word forms: twenty-three students argued that poetry could improve students' pronunciation. Twenty-one participants believed poems could improve students' spelling. In terms of word meaning, a total of thirty vouched for the use of poetry for introducing figurative languages (twenty-three students), enhancing students' acquisition of colloquial vocabulary (eleven students), and familiarizing students with unfamiliar words (eleven participants). A total of nine students insisted that poems could be used to improve students' word use, whereas six students believed poems could display grammatical functions. At the same time, three participants recognize the use of poems for acquainting students with collocations. These results imply that future EFL teachers recognize the potential of bringing English poetry as a medium for improving their EFL students'' vocabulary, hinting at the need for further research on the systematic procedure of how to implement poetry into EFL classrooms.

Компрессивное словообразование в англоязычном юридическом дискурсе: структурно-семантические характеристики языковых единиц

The aim of the study is to identify the structural and semantic features of linguistic units serving as means of compressive word formation in English legal discourse. The article explores the notion of compression, focusing on the most common means of compression in the form of English compound words and abbreviations at the derivational level. The scientific novelty lies in the comprehensive analysis of means of compressive word formation in English legal discourse, which allowed for the identification and description of productive derivational patterns based on extensive linguistic material, defining the uniqueness of their structure and semantics. The analysis reveals that compound words are the most common means of compression, enabling linguistic economy. Predominant are compound words based on the ‘N + N’ asyntactic model; phrasal compounds with nominal and verbal stem components; derivative compounds created following the agentive model ‘N + V + -er’. Among abbreviations with highly compressive forms of expression, initialisms dominate, based on two-word and three-word nominal models of word formation, as well as syllabic abbreviations retaining the initial part of the original word and hybrid abbreviations formed by contraction.

An Analysis of Free and Bound Morphemes in Alfred Tennyson's Poem Entitled "Marriage Morning"

The objective of this research is to know the free and bound morphemes in Alfred Tennyson’s poem entitled "Marriage Morning". This research uses a Descriptive Qualitative Method. The main source of this research data is one poem from Alfred Tennyson's entitled "Marriage Morning". In the descriptive method, the data collected is not numbers, but the form of words. The data is in the form of words containing free morphemes and bound morphemes in the poem. In this analysis it is found that the overall results of Free and Bound Morpheme as many as 151 data. With free Morpheme distribution was found as many as 137 data (90.72%) and 14 data of Morpheme Bound (9.28%). Morphemes are the smallest elements of meaning in a language. They are generally classified as either free morphemes, which can follow as independent words or bound morphemes, which can't stand alone as words.

Can Infants Retain Statistically Segmented Words and Mappings Across a Delay?

Infants are sensitive to statistics in spoken language that aid word-form segmentation and immediate mapping to referents. However, it is not clear whether this sensitivity influences the formation and retention of word-referent mappings across a delay, two real-world challenges that learners must overcome. We tested how the timing of referent training, relative to familiarization with transitional probabilities (TPs) in speech, impacts English-learning 23-month-olds' ability to form and retain word-referent mappings. In Experiment 1, we tested infants' ability to retain TP information across a 10-min delay and use it in the service of word learning. Infants successfully mapped high-TP but not low-TP words to referents. In Experiment 2, infants readily mapped the same words even when they were unfamiliar. In Experiment 3, high- and low-TP word-referent mappings were trained immediately after familiarization, and infants readily remembered these associations 10 min later. In sum, although 23-month-old infants do not need strong statistics to map word forms to referents immediately, or to remember those mappings across a delay, infants are nevertheless sensitive to these statistics in the speech stream, and they influence mapping after a delay. These findings suggest that, by 23 months of age, sensitivity to statistics in speech may impact infants' language development by leading word forms with low coherence to be poorly mapped following even a short period of consolidation.

Vowel Epenthesis in the Pronunciation of English Consonant Clusters by Kuwaiti EFL Learners

This study investigated pronunciation errors made by Kuwaiti Arabic (KA) learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) in their production of English consonant clusters. The participants consisted of 25 Kuwaiti EFL learners who were asked to read English words embedded in short sentences. Target words constituted initial, medial, and final-consonant clusters. Data were transcribed by the researchers in addition to three phoneticians for reliability and were further verified through Praat software. Results indicated that pronunciation errors made by these learners of English were restricted to initial and medial consonant clusters that violated the syllable structure requirements of their native dialect. When a conflict occurred between the syllable structure of their first language (L1) and that of the English language, the participants adopted two phonological repair strategies to resolve the conflict: vowel epenthesis and re-syllabification. These phonological repair strategies appeared to be a process of phonological rule transfer from the L1 to the second language (L2) and served to bring the underlying forms of the English words into conformity with restrictions on possible surface syllable structures of the Kuwaiti dialect. These findings highlight the need to develop materials and reading exercises in the classroom to raise students’ awareness of the differences between the syllable structure of their L1 and that of English and its role in successful communication.