Form Of Sp Research Articles

Active and non-active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients exhibit similar disability progression: results of an Italian MS registry study (ASPERA)

‘Active’ and ‘non-active’ secondary progressive MS (SPMS) have distinct pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical characteristics, but there is still no consensus regarding the frequency of these MS forms in the real-world setting. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of ‘active’ and ‘non-active’ SPMS in a large cohort of Italian MS patients and the differences in terms of clinical and MRI characteristics and disease progression. This multicenter study collected data about MS patients who have transitioned to the SP form in the period between 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 and followed by the MS centers contributing to the Italian MS Registry. Patients were divided into ‘active SPMS’ and ‘non-active SPMS’, based on both reported MRI data and relapse activity in the year before conversion to SPMS. Out of 68,621, 8,316 (12.1%) patients were diagnosed with SPMS. Out of them, 872 (10.5%) were classified into patients with either ‘active’ or ‘non-active’ SPMS. A total of 237 were classified into patients with ‘active SPMS’ (27.2%) and 635 as ‘non-active SPMS’ (72.8%). ‘Non-active SPMS’ patients were older, with a longer disease duration compared to those with ‘active SPMS’. The percentages of patients showing progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) at 24 months were similar between ‘active’ and ‘non-active’ SPMS patients (67 [27.4%] vs 188 [29.6%]; p = 0.60). In the ‘active’ group, 36 (15.2%) patients showed relapse-associated worsening (RAW). Comparison of the survival curves to EDSS 6 and 7 according to disease activity did not show significant differences (p = 0.68 and p = 0.71). ‘Active’ and ‘non-active’ SPMS patients had a similar risk of achieving disability milestones, suggesting that progression is primarily attributed to PIRA and only to a small extent to disease activity.

Application of Black Water from Vegetable Waste with Decomposers in Planting Media Based on Blotong on Growth and Yield of Water Spinach

Utilization of vegetable waste can be used as organic fertilizer such as black water. Black water from vegetable waste is used as fertilizer to increase the growth and yield of water spinach. Black water can be made by using a decomposer in the form of lumbricus sp and EM4 worms to help with the decomposition process. The planting medium of filter cake compost is an additive for soil amendments that support the availability of nutrients in plants. This study used the addition of decomposers EM4, rumen MOL, and Trichoderma sp. This research used a two-factor factorial with a completely randomized basic design (CRD) consisting of 2 factors and three replications. The interaction between the application of the black water decomposer and the filter cake media did not have a significant effect on all the observed variables. Likewise, with the single factor, the application of black water does not have a significant effect on all observed variables. The single factor in the treatment of using filter cake media has a substantial impact on all observational variables. The best treatment was on M3, comparing the composition using 20% filter cake planting media and 80% soil.

Natural Feeding to Increase the Growth of Sangkuriang Catfish Fry (Clarias sp)

Feed is a major problem in aquaculture because it requires relatively large costs so that it requires alternative food sources in increasing production. This study aims to analyze the use of natural feed to increase the growth of catfish seedlings Sangkuriang Clarias sp. The study was conducted at the Feed Laboratory of the Department of Fisheries, Bosowa University for 31 days with experimental methods and a Complete Randomized Design. Sangkuriang catfish seeds are 1 month old with an average weight of 1.02 – 1.04 g, raised in a 5-liter jar-shaped container, with a density of 40 heads/jar. Feeding in the form of Daphnia sp, mosquito larvae, and Tubifex sp ad libitum three times every day, namely morning, afternoon, and evening. The results showed that the highest specific growth rate was obtained in Tubifex sp feed seeds by 14.91%, the highest mortality was achieved in Daphnia sp feed seeds at 16.6% and the lowest mortality was achieved at Tubifex sp treatment at 10%. Water quality during maintenance still follows the hatchery requirements of catfish Sangkuriang Clarias sp. Natural feeding Tubifex sp is better to give as natural feed because it provides a better daily growth rate compared to Daphnia sp and Mosquito Larvae.

Ontogenetic instars of the oribatid mite Spatiodamaeus kalugaensis sp. nov. (Acari, Oribatida, Damaeidae) from Russia.

A new species of the genus Spatiodamaeus (Oribatida, Damaeidae) is described from Russia, based on adult and juvenile instars collected from bark of Acer platanoides and soil-litter of mixed and broadleaf forests in European part of Russia and Western Siberia. The adult of Spatiodamaeus kalugaensis sp. nov. is similar to S. nortoni (Bayartogtokh, 2004) comb. nov. in having epimeral neotrichy but differs from the latter by the presence of the parastigmatic tubercle Sa, the form of the parastigmatic tubercle Sp and the notogastral setae c1, c2, and the barbulation of the rostral, epimeral, anogenital, and notogastral setae of p-series. Comparisons between juvenile instars of the new species and the known juveniles of Spatiodamaeus and Epidamaeus are presented.

Analysis of Liver Histology Several Fish in the Air Kotok River in the Gold Mining Area, Lebong Regency

Fish have habitats that are easily exposed to contamination from the environment such as heavy metal waste which can cause changes in the structure and function of body tissues. One type of waste that enters the river in the Lebong Regency River is gold mining processing waste that uses mercury and cyanide. Heavy metals can enter organisms and accumulation and biomagnification of mercury can occur in the bodies of aquatic biota such as fish. There has been no research related to fish histology in the Lebong gold mining area, so the aim of this research was to determine the histological condition of the liver organs of several fish in the form of Hemibagrus nemurus, Rasbora sp, Trichogaster trichopterus, and Macrognathus circumcinctus in the Air Kotok river in the gold mining area of Lebong Regency. The research was conducted using the paraffin method with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively based on the histology of the fish liver. The results of the research on the liver histology, it shows damage to the fish liver structure which includes vacuolization, congestion, pyknosis, dilated sinusoids, melanomacrophages and leukocyte infiltration. The damage to the hepatocytes of this fish can be used as a bio-indicator of exposure to toxic substances in the Air Kotok river, one of which is heavy metal activity from gold mining, which can be a threat to the health and survival of the fish.Keywords: Bengkulu, gold mining waste, heavy metal, hepa

3D Geological Modeling for Characterizing the Bahariya Formation and Abu Roash G Dolomite Unit, Horus Field, North Western Desert, Egypt

The Horus field is considered one of the most important hydrocarbon producers within the Alamein basin, Western Desert of Egypt. This area was affected by different tectonic movements throughout geological history. The re-evaluation and characterization of the Horus area, especially its main reservoirs of Lower Bahariya, middle Bahariya, upper Bahariya, and AR/G Dolomite units, because of its low production of oil tend (only 1100 BBD). Despite this, the Alamein basin is large and very rich in hydrocarbon. This study depends on the interpretation of thirty 2D seismic lines in addition to open-hole logs in the form of Resistivity, SP, GR, Density, Neutron, and Sonic logs for the five studied wells in order to delineate the subsurface structure and reservoir petrophysical characteristics of the Horus field. The data is tried to the formation tops and seismic lines by using synthetic seismograms. The main surfaces were mapped to proceed with the further static modeling. The work flow of the 3D geological modeling in the Horus area for characterization of the Bahariya Formation and AR/G Dolomite Unit. The processes that were carried out during the construction of the geological structure in the study area respectively, fault modeling, pillar gridding, skeleton grid, horizon modeling, zonation, and layering, and then distributed the facies and petrophysical parameters (Vsh, Sw and Φe) in this model. The main objective of this study is to delineate the seismic phenomena for structural, petrophysical, and facies modelling of the Bahariya Formation (Lower, Middle, and Upper) and AR/G Dolomite unit. The depth structure contour map on top of the Bahariya formation and the AR/G Dolomite unit indicated that the Horus area affected by NW-SE and WNW-ESE faults related to the lower Cretaceous. The study discussed the possibility of new structural traps that benefit in increasing the production of the area. All the results were consistent and confirmed that the Bahariya Formation and AR/G Dolomite are excellent reservoirs. Integrating multidisciplinary methods of seismic interpretation, static modeling, property modeling and well log analysis to design 3D structural and property models, helped predict new exploratory promising areas and structural traps to increase in production and the reserves in the study area, also decreasing the uncertainty of hydrocarbon exploration.

Electronic transport on the two state “ON–OFF” of 1,3,3-trimethylindolino-6′-nitrobenzopyrylospiran as a light-driven molecular optical switch: A first-principle study

Here, the electronic transport characteristics of the 1,3,3-trimethylindolino-6′-nitrobenzopyrylospiran were studied by using NEGF and DFT methods. By being exposed to UV or visible light, this molecule can change from its MC to SP states. The titled structure was optimized at B3LYP/6–311++G(d,p) level of theory. To obtain conductivity results, the electrons of metal and organic atoms were approached by the single-plus polarization (SZP) for single-zeta and double-plus polarization (DZP) for double zeta basis sets, respectively. We examined some factors in this study, including various molecule geometries, the type of surface materials (Platinum, gold, and silver), the switching ratio, the gap between HOMO and LUMO levels, and the transmission spectra, at different bias voltages. The outcomes show that conductivity transforms from an off-state (high resistance) to an on-state as the molecule switches from MC to SP form (low resistance).

PENGARUH APLIKASI KOMPOS TEA FLUFF DAN Azotobacter sp. TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK TANAH DAN PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT PADA PERSEMAIAN TEH

The tea plantation industry in West Java is experiencing problems with the degradation of organic matter, which can be seen from the decrease in organic C in the Bandung area and the large amount of factory solid waste produced every day. The provision of solid tea fluff as organic matter by composting can be a solution to improve the physical properties of the soil in tea plantations, and it is necessary to provide indigenous microbes to maximize plant growth in the form of Azotobacter sp. This study used a factorial randomized block design with two factors, namely soil media 100% topsoil + 0% tea fluff (F0), 70% topsoil + 30% tea fluff (F1), 60% topsoil + 40% tea fluff (F2). ), 50% topsoil + 50% tea fluff (F3), 40% topsoil + 60% tea fluff (F4), 30% topsoil + 70% tea fluff (F5) with an additional dose of Azotobacter sp. 0 mL (A0) and 3 mL (A1). The results for the soil unit weight parameter were significantly different (p<0.05), and there was an interaction between the soil media treatments and Azotobacter sp. all treatments experienced a decrease in bulk density, while the porosity parameter was not significantly different. However, for plant parameters, the F0A0 treatment showed better results than other treatments on the initial growth of tea seedlings.

Supramolecular assembly of dendronized spiropyrans in aqueous solutions into nanospheres with photo- and thermo-responsive chiralities.

Tailoring the amphiphilicity of a molecule through external stimuli can alter the balance between self-association and repulsion, resulting in different propensities for its assembly. Here we report on the supramolecular assembly of a series of dendronized spiropyrans (DSPs) in water. These DSPs carry 3-fold dendritic oligoethylene glycols (OEGs) with either methoxyl or ethoxyl terminals for different hydrophilicities, and contain an Ala-Gly dipeptide to provide the chirality. These dendronized amphiphiles form supramolecular nanospheres in aqueous solutions with remarkable induced chirality to a level of 1.0 × 106 deg cm2 dmol-1. They can be tuned reversibly through photoisomerization of the spiropyran moieties from the hydrophobic SP form into the hydrophilic MC form, and can even become chirally silent through thermally mediated collapse of the dendritic OEGs. Photoisomerization of the spiropyran moieties in these DSPs is accompanied by simultaneous changes of UV absorption, fluorescence emission, supramolecular chirality and aqueous solution colors. These supramolecular nanospheres exhibit characteristic thermoresponsive behavior due to thermal collapse of the dendritic OEGs with their cloud point temperatures (Tcps) being dependent on the overall hydrophilicity of the molecules and also the aggregate morphologies resulting from how dendritic OEGs are wrapped around the aggregates. Both photo-irradiation-mediated isomerization of the spiropyran moieties and thermally mediated dehydration and collapse of the dendritic OEGs influence the amphiphilicity of these DSPs and their solvation by water, leading to varied driving forces for their assembly. NMR, circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques, as well as DLS and AFM techniques are combined to follow the supramolecular assembly and illustrate the aggregation mechanism. All experimental results demonstrate that the reversible chirality of the aggregates originates from the balance between dendritic OEGs and spiropyran moieties against water solvation.

Calculations on the proton decay with modified preformation probability

In this paper, the investigations have been conducted on the half-lives of proton radioactivity of 32 nuclei. The main goal of the paper is to improve the formation probability (Sp) that proposed by Chen et al. [Eur. Phys. J. A 57 (2021) 1]. The obtained results in mentioned paper have been reproduced with uncertainties for all parameters by fitting the experimental data of proton emitters. To carry out the further investigations, we have proposed a new Sp which has a different type of shape from linear. The replacement of the linear form with an exponential, one of the formation probabilities, has affected the rms result positively. The new form of Sp, which has been presented in this study, depends on the mass number of daughter nucleus like the previous one but in exponential form. The obtained findings here may be important for studies while making new predictions.

Photochemical OFF/ON Cytotoxicity Switching by Using a Photochromic Surfactant with Visible Light Irradiation.

Photochemical switching of cytotoxicity by using spiropyran compounds with pyridinium and alkyl groups was investigated. The spiropyran compound, SP6, with a hexyl group as the alkyl group displayed negative photochromism, in which the hydrophilic open merocyanine form (MC form) was stable and isomerized to the hydrophobic closed spiro form (SP form) by visible light irradiation. Both MC and SP forms exhibited amphiphilicity because of the hydrophobic hexyl and hydrophilic pyridinium groups introduced. Cytotoxicity toward HeLa cells was observed for both MC and SP forms of SP6 at concentrations higher than the critical aggregation concentration of the isomers CACMC and CACSP (CACMC > CACSP), respectively. In contrast, cytotoxicity by SP6 was activated by visible light irradiation at concentrations between CACMC and CACSP; thus, photochemical switching of cytotoxicity from the OFF to ON state was achieved. Cytotoxicity was revealed to be caused by disruption of the cell membrane. The results provide an important step in developing novel next-generation photochemotherapy drugs.

Application of Agrodeco™ Cultivation of Maize Intercropping with Peanuts in Rainfed Rice Fields

Increasing corn production is usually done by increasing the planting area (including intercropping) and applying technology. The technology applied to increase productivity is integrated crop management and the application of climate change adaptation and mitigation. One of the technology components is the management of organic fertilizers with the use of biodecomposers in the area of land to be planted. One of the biodecomposers is Agrodeco™ from the Agricultural Research and Development Agency. Agrodeko is a consortium biodecomposer from Trichoderma fungal strains, N-fixing in the form of non-pathogenic yeast and Candida sp which grows fast and is able to produce enzymes needed to decompose plant tissue. While the varieties grown in a development area can be used composite corn. The activity was carried out in Jeron Village from June to October 2017. Planting area for activities is around 4000 m2. There were 3 (three) treatments applied, namely cropping patterns (monoculture and intercropping), corn varieties (Srikandi Kuning and Provit A) and fertilizer doses (farmer's dose and recommended dose (with Agrodeco™ application)). In monoculture cropping system, yields were not significantly different between Srikandi Kuning and Provit A, but the productivity of Provit A (3.8 tons/ha) was higher than Srikandi Kuning (3.4 tons/ha). In the intercropping system, the productivity of Provit A corn at the farmer dose treatment (1.2 tons/ha) was significantly different from the recommended fertilizer dose treatment (2.2 tons/ha.

Cognitive Impairment in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Effect of Disease Duration, Age, and Progressive Phenotype.

Background: Cognitive deficits are common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and affect patients at all stages of the disease, regardless of phenotype. Aims: This literature review focuses the cognitive deficits observed in secondary progressive MS (SPMS). It is mainly based on studies that compared the frequency and main characteristics of cognitive deficits in SPMS with other phenotypes. Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out using the PubMed database with the following keywords: multiple sclerosis, secondary-progressive, cognition. Results: Thirteen studies were initially selected that were published in English, reporting the neuropsychological data of a sample of at least 30 patients with SPMS, comparing them with patients with other phenotypes. Studies suggest that there is an association between the duration of the disease and the frequency and extent of the cognitive disorders. Studies also showed that the SP form is associated with an increased frequency of cognitive impairment and with an increased severity as compared to relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). Compared to RRMS, progressive forms of MS are associated with more severe impairment in certain cognitive areas, such as episodic verbal memory, information processing speed, working memory, or verbal fluency. Two studies showed that cognitive performances decline overtime in SPMS. Conclusion: Cognitive disorders are more frequent and more severe in the SP form than in relapsing course of MS. The profile of cognitive impairment encountered in the SP form also appears to be different from those found in the other phenotypes.

Fluconazole and biogenic silver nanoparticles-based nano-fungicidal system for highly efficient elimination of multi-drug resistant Candida biofilms

HypothesisSecretion of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes such as secreted aspartyl proteinases (SAP) and biofilm formation are considered as important virulence determinants in resistant strains of Candida sp. which facilitate the pathogenicity towards host cells. The resistance in fungal pathogens results in use of high dosage of antifungal drug, therefore in order to study the effect of reduced amount of antifungal, combination therapy was utilized. Currently, no data related to combined effect of mycogenic silver nanoparticles and fluconazole, in SAP inhibition by resistant Candida spp. has been described. In this study, synergistic combination along with anti-virulence was used as a way for discovering new antifungal potential of mycogenic silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPmyc). ExperimentsThis study utilized Ag-NPmyc, synthesized using Aspergillus oryzae SZ1 and their combined effect with fluconazole on planktonic and 24 h (h) biofilm forms of clinical isolates of six Candida species (C. albicans, C. galabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. krusie, C. tropicalis, C. albicans ATCC 24433). The cytotoxic effects of Ag-NPmyc mycogenic using brine shrimp lethality assay was also determined. Ag-NPmyc and fluconazole (FLC) suspensions were used to treat Candida sp. biofilms grown on polystyrene surfaces for 24 h (h) and their efficacy was determined by MIC, time-kill growth curve analysis, cell viability analysis (XTT reduction assay), inhibition of virulence factors exopolymeric substances (EPS) and SAP activity. Nanoparticles were characterized using Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FindingsThe surface plasmon resonance band of Ag-NPmyc was observed at 430 nm by Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction and TEM confirmed with uniform, spherical shaped and monodispersed with size range of 1–50 nm. Maximum cytotoxicity was achieved after 0.3 mg/ml. The results showed that combination use of Ag-NPmyc with FLC exhibit strong in vitro antifungal synergy (FICI values ranged from 0.2812 to 0.375) against the majority of the Candida strains tested with gradual decrease in CFU till 12 h, and after 15 h fungistatic growth was observed. Comparable effects on biofilms of Candida sp. were obtained. Overall, >60% reduction of metabolic activity was observed in different Candida sp. at 16 μg/ml FLC in combination with Ag-NPmyc. The EPS inhibition (%) in planktonic cells ranged from 2 to 73, 3–82 and 1–19 by 15 ppm Ag-NPmyc/FLC, 25 ppm Ag-NPmyc/FLC and FLC alone, respectively. Whereas in case of biofilm forms, EPS inhibition (%) ranged from 1 to 84, 1–93 and 1–32 by 15 ppm Ag-NPmyc/FLC, 25 ppm Ag-NPmyc/FLC and FLC alone, respectively. Highest EPS inhibition in planktonic cells was observed with Ag-NPmyc/FLC, 25 ppm which ranged 3–82%. Whereas in case of biofilm forms, EPS inhibition ranged from 1 to 93% with the same combination. Less inhibition seen in case of FLC treated Candida spp. planktonic (1–15%) and biofilm (1–14%) cells. The results obtained, showed that combinations of 15 ppm and 25 ppm Ag-NPmyc with FLC effectively inhibited the SAP in Candida spp. with an inhibition range of 1–82% and 1–79%, respectively in case of planktonic cells. Whereas 1–78% and 2–92% in case of biofilm cells as compared to less inhibition (<20%) seen in case of FLC treated Candida spp. planktonic and biofilm cells. ConclusionAg-NPmyc in combination with fluconazole promoted significant reduction in virulence factors of resistant forms of Candida sp. Ag-NPmyc at different concentrations were not found cytotoxic to brine shrimps. The results highlight the improved antifungal effect of Ag-NPmyc in combination with FLC against planktonic and biofilm forms of different species of Candida while inhibiting (>70%) in SAP production. The effect of azole-NP combination on EPS inhibition was also significant. Synergistic effect showed inhibition in SAP production both in planktonic and biofilm forms of Candida spp.

Photoswitchable Composite Polymer Electrolytes Using Spiropyran-Immobilized Nanoporous Templates.

Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) with smart, stimuli-responsive characteristics have gained considerable attention owing to their noninvasive manipulation and applications in future technologies. To address this potential, in this work, we demonstrate photoresponsive composite polymer electrolytes, consisting of gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) and spiropyran-immobilized nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (SP-AAO) templates. Under UV irradiation, the close SP form isomerizes to the open merocyanine (MC) form, creating extremely polarized AAO surfaces; whereas, under visible light irradiation, the MC form reverts to the SP form, creating neutral surface conditions. The electrostatic interactions between ions and AAO surfaces are investigated by attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Moreover, the behavior of ionic conductivity of the GPE@SP-AAO is found to be consistent with the kinetics of isomerization tracked by UV-Vis spectroscopy. This work provides a promising platform for developing next-generation photoelectronic smart devices.

Theory, preparation, properties and catalysis application in 2D graphynes-based materials

Carbon has three hybridization forms of sp−, sp2− and sp3−, and the combination of different forms can obtain different kinds of carbon allotropes, such as diamond, carbon nanotubes, fullerene, graphynes (GYs) and graphdiyne (GDY). Among them, the GDY molecule is a single-layer two-dimensional (2D) planar structure material with highly π-conjugation formed by sp− and sp2− hybridization. GDY has a carbon atom ring composed of benzene ring and acetylene, which makes GDY have a uniformly distributed pore structure. In addition, GDY planar material have some slight wrinkles, which makes GDY have better self-stability than other 2D planar materials. The excellent properties of GDY make it attract the attention of researchers. Therefore, GDY is widely used in chemical catalysis, electronics, communications, clean energy and composite materials. This paper summarizes the recent progress of GDY research, including structure, preparation, properties and application of GDY in the field of catalysts.

Stomach Content Analysis of Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) in Talaga Lake Waters Donggala Regency

Tilapia fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) is a type of freshwater consumption fish, flat body shape with grey, brown or black colour. The purpose of this study was to describe the types of food found in the stomach of tilapia fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) in Talaga Lake, Donggala Regency. This research was conducted in April 2019. The method used in this study was a volumetric occurrence frequency method by a surgical sampling of fish to extract the stomach and analyze it. Based on the results of the analysis of the stomach contents of the Mujair fish (Oreochromis mossambicus), two groups of feed were obtained, namely Vegetable food (Fitoplaknton) in the form of Navicula placentula, Schroederia segitera, Schoroederia anchora, Zignemopsis circumcaniratum, Anabaena sp, Oscillatoria princeps, Spirogyra protifica, Bacillaria sp, Nitzschia aetinastroides, Oedogonium sp, Coelastrum chodati, and animal feed (Zooplankton) in the form of Tubipex sp, Brachionus havanaensis, Cyclops sp, Carcinus sp, Arcella sp, Acetes sp.

Isolation and identification of pathogen fungi in the varieties of local rice, Aceh-Indonesia

Aceh’s local rice is one of the plasma nutfah’s wealth in Indonesia. However, the availability and awareness of the people in Aceh to utilize the quality seed of Aceh’s rice are still very low due to pathogenic fungi that infected the seeds. The objective of this study is to identify the type of pathogenic fungi that carried out by the seeds of Aceh’s rice. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of the four varieties local of Aceh was designed with the parameter including the present pathogens that attack the rice seed and germination. The four varieties Aceh’s seed namely: Sigupai variety (v1), Cantek maneh variety (v2), Cantek kuning variety (v3) dan Room kuning varietiy (v4). Data were analysed using ANOVA at 5% significant level and continued with the DMRT. The Results summarized that the Sigupai variety (v1) is the best low percentage of germination, approximately 45%, followed by room kuning (48.3%), maneh (56.7%), and cantek kuning (58.7%). These were caused by the pathogenic attacks which carried out in the form of Aspergilus sp and Fusarium sp.

Acute Pseudomembranous Candidiasis in Patients with Hypertension

Introduction. Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic infection that is often found in the oral cavity caused by the growth of candida fungi. The calcium channel blocker antihypertensive drug, amlodipine, has a side effect that can reduce the amount of salivary flow, the reduced amount of saliva will cause anti-candida components in saliva such as lysozyme, histatin, lactoferrin, and calprotectin are also reduced, so that candida can easily develop in the oral cavity. This research was aimed to determine the management of cases of acute pseudomembranous candidiasis in hypertensive patients.Case presentation. A woman 16 years old came to the Mohammad Hoesin Hospital in Palembang with a complaint of a yellowish white spot on the upper surface of her tongue which she noticed since 2 weeks ago. The yellowish white patches feel sore when the patient brushes her tongue with a toothbrush. The patient wasuncomfortable with the state of her tongue so she wants her tongue to be treated. The patient had a history of hypertension since 1 year ago. The patient was given the drug nystatin drop. In the first control, 1 week after administration of the drug, white lesions on the tongue began to decrease and appear thinner compared to the previous visit. In the next control, the patient's tongue was clean so that the use of nystatin was stopped. The supporting investigation is a microbiological examination with a type of fungal culture against a tongue swab. The results of the examination indicated that the microscopic results of the yeast cell (+) KOH and the results of the germ culture in the form of Candida sp. The patient was diagnosed with acute pseudomembranous candidiasis and was treated with topical antifungals and was referred to an internal medicine specialist for hypertension control.Conclusion: Management of oral candidiasis is very important to know, and must be followed by controlling hypertension in the patient so that a good oral prognosis is obtained.

New stable colored complex of Al3+ with 1',3',3'‐trimethylspiro[2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2,2'‐indoline] (BIPS)

AbstractUltraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) absorption, flash photolysis, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy were used to investigate the mechanism of formation and structure of complexes in the 1',3',3'‐trimethylspiro[2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2,2'‐indoline] (SP, also well known as BIPS) with Al3+ (inorganic salts) in ethanol (EtOH), methanol (MeOH), and in aqueous MeOH solutions. A labile (equilibrium constants ≤ 5000 M−1) complex of SP and Al3+ with broad absorption band in the UV‐vis with λmax = 380 nm appeared promptly in the presence of an excess of Al3+. The slow formation of a stable complex (SC) between Al3+ and two merocyanine (MC) forms of SP with an intensive absorption band at λmax = 430 nm is observed with a yield of 1.0 upon keeping the solutions of these two compounds at constant concentration ratio [Al3+] ≥[SP]/2 in the dark. The rate constants of such SC formation were close to the corresponding rate constant of the transformation of SP into MC in the dark (5.0×10−5‐1×10‐3 s‐1, depending upon the solvent). The photolysis of the SC with visible light (λ &gt; 400 nm) results in the total conversion of the SC into SP. The SC forms promptly after the addition of Al3+ at concentrations of the same order as those of MC. This method allows detection of [Al3+] to concentrations as low as 50 nM. The kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of the SP and MC reactions and of their complex formation with Al3+ are discussed.