Formal Sanctions Research Articles

Interplay of rationality and morality in using ChatGPT for academic misconduct

ABSTRACT ChatGPT’s capability to generate original content on any topic represents a concern for academic institutions, since students can plagiarise the AI-created content with a low probability of being caught. While prior research on academic misconduct emphasized the combined effects of perceived costs and benefits in explaining students’ decisions to cheat, the low detectability of ChatGPT-based plagiarism significantly reduces the cost of being caught, making rational choice theory less powerful in explaining academic misconduct in the AI era. Considering the effects of both rational decision-making and moral considerations, this study shows that individuals experiencing moral disengagement are more likely to engage in ChatGPT-based plagiarism. Other significant predictors include perceived benefits, punishment severity, and informal sanctions. Furthermore, moral disengagement enhances the effects of formal sanctions on ChatGPT-based plagiarism. The results have implications for professors, academic administrators, and plagiarism detection software designers to enforce academic integrity in the ChatGPT era.

Wartime Trade Policy Measures in Comparison of the Historical Periods of the First World War and the Special Military Operation

With the beginning of the special military operation (SMO), a new type of foreign trade policy is forming, based on restrictions. History shows that the practice of restrictions on trade operations is not new. The article compares Russia’s trade policy measures introduced during the First World War of 2014–2018 and the SMO, which began in 2022. The goal is to identify tools that are not currently used. Restrictions on exports and imports, measures to stimulate imports, and measures to build new trade routes are considered. Even before the start of the SMO, from the moment of political aggravation, Russia limited the export of wood and fertilizers, which contradicted the Protocol on Accession to the WTO and the refusal of quantitative restrictions. Unfriendly countries that applied preventive sanctions against Russia, with the beginning of the SMO, denied Russia most favored nation treatment. As during the First World War, grains, flour and sugar were among the food products subject to government export restrictions. Both periods were characterized by measures to stimulate imports in an effort to provide industry with raw materials and equipment. Import restriction measures in the first period applied to luxury goods, in the second they took the form of sanctions against unfriendly countries. The war period was characterized by growing interest in the northern sea routes. Compared with World War I, modern export restriction policies were more varied in terms of product coverage, but lacked the specific details by export directions that were developed a century ago. Many of the modern measures allow exemptions only in relation to EAEU countries. In our opinion, exemptions from restrictions on the export of humanitarian goods could be made for the developing countries which are most in need of grain or fertilizers.

FORMATION OF ANTI-CORRUPTION CHARACTER IN THE YOUNGER GENERATION BASED ON PANCASILA IDEOLOGY

Corruption has become a serious issue in various layers of society and the state, posing a threat to morals, ethics, and sustainable development. To address this problem, efforts to instill anti-corruption character education are of utmost importance. The aim of this research is to analyze the ways to shape anti-corruption character among the younger generation based on the values embedded in Pancasila, so that the Indonesian youth can grow up as honest and anti-corruption individuals. The results of this study indicate that efforts can be made to cultivate anti-corruption character from an early age in children, starting even before they enter school, by teaching them about justice and not encroaching upon the rights of others. Furthermore, educational activities for students and university students can be employed to introduce anti-corruption character. Lastly, by advocating anti-corruption actions on social media, it will manifest a form of social sanction against wrongdoers and cultivate an anti-corruption attitude in the wider society.

The Effect of Compensation and Work Discipline on Employee Productivity of Pt. Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk Jakarta

The benchmark of organizational success in carrying out management can be reviewed from the management of human resources which is shown based on the maximum productivity of employees. Increasing employee productivity can be realized by providing compensation and improving employee discipline. This study aims to find out the application of employee compensation and work discipline affects the productivity of employees of PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk Jakarta. The research sample was determined by simple random sampling which resulted in 171 respondents from the entire employee population at PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk Jakarta with data collection through questionnaires. This study uses the multiple linear regression method to determine the influence between dependent variables and independent variables. Based on the results of the analysis conducted in the study, it is known that compensationand work discipline have a positive and partially significant influence on employee work productivity. Providing high compensation or in accordance with employee needs can stimulate employee productivity at work. Increasing productivity must also be accompanied by increasing employee discipline through policies or rules in the form of sanctions to reduce the number of employee discipline, so that employee productivity can be provided optimally.

Recommendations for The Implementation Of Social Sanctions In Health Sector Corruption Cases

Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes was made separately from the Criminal Code (Weetboek van Straftrecht) to make social sanctions an alternative to the imposition of other basic sanctions, but the technical implementation is still not yet clear. Based on this, researchers focus on recommendations for implementing social sanctions in cases of corruption in the health sector. The method used is normative juridical, namely through an approach and analysis of the relevant laws and regulations, the results of which can then be used as recommendations in the form of SOPs. The research results found that the Criminal Reform Policy Analysis in the New Criminal Code provides a better scope than the previous Criminal Code because the variety of contents in the new Criminal Code provides many choices of basic criminal sanctions. Recommendations for the application of social work punishment are part of the theory of legal objectives and a form of justice for victims, as well as criminal alternatives as supplements for perpetrators of criminal acts. Alternative social work criminal sanctions, which have just been included in the New Criminal Code through Law Number 1 of 2023, can be applied to corruption crimes in the health sector in the form of additional social criminal sanctions

УПРАВЛІННЯ СЕСТЕЙНОВИМ РОЗВИТКОМ У ВІЙСЬКОВІЙ ТА ПІСЛЯВОЄННІЙ ЕКОНОМІЦІ: СТРАТЕГІЧНІ РІШЕННЯ ДЛЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

The study identifies global and national challenges to sustainable development. In particular, global problems include climate change, infectious disease epidemics, population ageing, and human rights violations, which require cross-border cooperation between countries to be effectively addressed. The economic security of a country is determined by the state of the national economy, which makes it possible to maintain resilience to internal and external threats, ensure high competitiveness in the global economic environment and is characterised by the ability of the national economy to grow in a sustainable and balanced manner. The macroeconomic security of a country is characterised by indicators that reflect the stability and resilience of its economy, in particular, the growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, employment (unemployment), public debt, and foreign trade balance. One of the components of the country's economic security is production security, which ensures the most efficient use of the country's existing production capacities, their modernisation and expanded reproduction. The following areas are highlighted as important measures for managing business activity under martial law and post-war recovery: strategic planning, risk management, crisis management, financial stabilisation, communication and cooperation, innovation and adaptation. Violations of rules, laws and regulations in areas such as employment, product and service safety, and public health have a significant impact on economic security through increased economic costs in the form of financial sanctions for businesses; loss of consumer confidence; threats to public health through the provision of unsafe products or services of poor quality; reduced investment; loss of competitiveness; and other negative consequences.

Legal Provisions with Basic Principles in Labor Enforcement: Analysis of Effectiveness and Challenges

Labor enforcement is an important process in ensuring the protection of workers' rights, ensuring fairness in industrial relations, and promoting worker welfare. This article presents a basic overview of labor enforcement by identifying the main principles, related regulations, and mechanisms used to carry out such enforcement. Through analytical descriptive research, we conclude that labor enforcement plays a crucial role in building a fair and safe work environment for workers in various sectors and job levels. With the existence of principles as a defense of workers' rights regarding work contracts, wages, health standards and union protection. The aim is to guarantee equal protection for all workers and the fulfillment of their rights, these principles must be applied firmly and consistently. The effectiveness is carried out in three stages, namely in the form of educational preventive, non-judicial repressive, and judicial repressive. If there is a dispute over rights or interests, the effort that can be taken is in the form of negotiations. There are also sanctions for company violations of industrial relations rights in the form of administrative, criminal and civil sanctions.

The Role of the Regional Indonesian Broadcasting Commission in Improving the Quality of Local Religious Broadcasts

This research examines the participation and activities carried out by the Yogyakarta Province Regional Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPID) to improve the quality of broadcasting of religious shows as local broadcasts. KPID Yogyakarta Province is a supervisory body and takes action if broadcasting institutions do not comply with broadcasting regulations. As a state regulatory body with authority at the local level to improve broadcast quality, KPID Yogyakarta Province can take action if violations are found regarding broadcasts presented by broadcasting institutions. Using a qualitative approach with the application of descriptive analysis techniques, this research uses the theory of role aspects according to Biddle and Thomas in the form of Expectation, Norm, Performance, Evaluation, and Sanction. The results of this research produced several findings. First, in the expectation aspect, KPID Yogyakarta Province hopes that religious shows can become events that are popular and needed by the public. Second, regarding the Norm aspect, KPID Yogyakarta Province uses the 2002 Broadcasting Law No. 32, Broadcasting Behavior Guidelines / Broadcast Program Standards (P3/SPS), and 2016 Regional Regulation No. 13 concerning Broadcasting Operations as a valid guideline for improving the quality of local broadcasts on religious broadcasts. Third, in terms of performance, KPID Yogyakarta is involved in intense activities with local television stations, the government, and the community. Fourth, in the Evaluation and Sanction aspect, Yogyakarta Province KPID follows up on indications of violations and gives several award categories in the form of the best Religion and Belief Broadcasts every year to broadcasting institutions that have complied with broadcasting regulations.

Criminal Application by Judges Against Defendants of Mining Without Permits in Forest Areas


 The use of criminal law in dealing with criminal acts of mining without a permit certainly does not always involve criminal sanctions, but sanctions can also be applied which have the same status as criminal sanctions. This research was conducted to determine the validity of the law related to criminal acts of mining without a permit in forest areas, to determine the criminal liability of defendants in criminal acts of mining without permits in forest areas according to Indonesian law and to find out the application of criminal penalties by judges to defendants of criminal acts of mining without permits. in forest areas (Study Decision No. 53/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Wgw). This research method uses normative juridical research with a statutory approach and a case approach (the cash approach). The research results show that the legal validity related to criminal acts of mining without a permit in forest areas has been stated in Law Number 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining (UU Minerba) and other applicable legislation where perpetrators who commit violations without permits will be given administrative sanctions. in the form of compensation according to the level of damage caused to the state. As well as criminal liability for defendants of criminal acts of mining without a permit in forest areas according to Indonesian law, they will be subject to criminal action in accordance with applicable legislation, such as being subject to sanctions in the form of administrative sanctions. And the application of punishment by the judge to the defendant for the crime of mining without a permit in a forest area (Study Decision No. 53/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Wgw) has been carried out as stated in Law no. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management by applying other appropriate legal bases from the laws and regulations that regulate the criminal act of mining without a permit in forest areas.

Peranan Notaris Sebagai Pejabat Pembuat Akta Dikaitkan Dengan Pasal 55 KUHP

Article 16 Paragraph (1) Letter a Law Number 2 of 2014 Concerning the Office of a Notary Public which emphasizes the obligation of a notary to act in a trustful, honest, thorough, independent, impartial manner and protect the interests of the parties involved in legal actions. However, in practice there are still notaries who commit criminal acts involving the forgery of authentic deeds. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to analyze the legal consequences and responsibilities of a notary in his position as a deed making official in making an authentic deed which indicates the participation of the criminal act of forgery. The method used in this research is normative juridical research with statutory, conceptual, analytical and case approaches which are processed using qualitative descriptive techniques. The results of the study show that the legal consequences for a notary in his position as a deed-making official in making authentic deeds indicated that there was an indication of participation in the criminal act of forgery, namely according to the UUJN it can be applied regarding dismissal/notary being dismissed from his position, according to Article 1365 of the Civil Code he is obliged to pay compensation to the aggrieved parties and according to Articles 264 and 266 of the Criminal Code in the form of imprisonment. The legal responsibility of a notary in his position as an official making a deed for indications of participating in the crime of forgery in making an authentic deed, that is, he can be criminally responsible if he fulfills the elements of error, namely being able to take responsibility, there is an inner relationship in the form of intentionality and there is no reason to erase the mistake. So that a Notary who consciously deliberately or is involved in falsifying the making of a deed can be held accountable in criminal law in the form of imprisonment and criminal administrative sanctions

Law Enforcement Against The Criminal Act of Forgery of Documents By a Notary In The Perspective of Law No. 30 of 2004 Concerning The Implementation of Administrative Sanctions or The Notary's Code of Ethics

The existence of a notary as a witness or even as a suspect, if it is related to the existence of his position in the legal field which is intended to support the smooth running of a law enforcement process, including the judicial process, would not be a problem, in other words, it is only natural for a notary to act as a witness or even as a suspect in a judicial process. On the other hand, a notary in carrying out his position as a public official, apart from being related to a position regulation, is also related to the oath of office which he takes when appointed as a notary where the notary is obliged to keep the contents of the deed and information he obtains confidential as regulated in Article 4 Paragraph ( 2) Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning the Position of Notary which states that, I will keep confidential the contents of deeds and information obtained in the performance of my office. Further Article 54 Paragraph (1) of Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendments to the Law -Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning the Position of Notary Public explains that a notary can only give, show, or notify the contents of the deed, grosses deed, copy of the deed or excerpt from the deed, to people who have a direct interest in the deed, heirs, or people who have acquired rights, unless otherwise determined by statutory regulations. The exercise of the right to keep secrets related to one's position is also regulated in criminal procedural law, civil law, and the Criminal Code. Article 170 Paragraph (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code states that those who because of their work, dignity, or position are required to keep secrets, can ask to be released from exercising their right to provide information as a witness, namely about matters entrusted to them. This type of research is Normative research. The approaches used are a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The data source used is secondary data. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and qualitatively. Concluding is carried out using a deductive method from general to specific, especially those related to the research topic, namely law enforcement against the crime of document falsification by notaries in the perspective of Law no. 30 of 2004. This research resulted in the findings of Law Number 30 of 2004 in conjunction with Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning the Position of Notaries which regulates that when a Notary in carrying out his official duties has committed a violation that causes a deviation from the law, the Notary can be subject to sanctions in the form of sanctions. Civil, Administrative, Code of Ethics for Notary Positions. These sanctions have been regulated in such a way both previously and now in the Law on the Position of Notaries regarding the Code of Ethics for the Notary Position profession where there is no description of criminal sanctions but rather the organization of the Notary Supervisory Council which has the authority to impose punishments on notaries. Notaries in carrying out their official duties do not close the possibility of being in contact with legal issues, even though carrying out the duties has been done carefully and by statutory provisions

Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen Antara Alvarendra Ataya Anas Dengan PT Citra Van Titipan Kilat (TIKI) (Analisa Putusan Mahkamah Agung No. 175K/Pdt.Sus-BPSK/2021)

The implementation of goods delivery carried out by PT Citra Van Titipan Kilat (TIKI) as a provider of goods delivery services does not always run smoothly. As happened in BPSK Bekasi City Decision No. 011/REG/BPSK-BKS/2020, The formulation of the problems in this journal, namely how is the regulation of consumer dispute resolution in goods delivery service disputes in Indonesia, how is the responsibility of the goods delivery service business actor for consumer losses due to negligence that occurs in the goods delivery service business in Supreme Court Decision No. 175K/Pdt.Sus-BPSK/2021, and how is the analysis of considerations and judges' decisions related to the settlement of consumer disputes between Alvarendra Ataya Anas and PT Citra Van Titipan Kilat (TIKI) in Supreme Court Decision No. 175K/Pdt.Sus-BPSK/2021. The method used in writing this journal is the normative juridical method, namely library legal research, the nature of the research used is descriptive and analytical. The form of responsibility of PT Citra Van Titipan Kilat (TIKI) for consumer losses in BPSK Bekasi City Decision No. 011/REG/BPSK-BKS/2020 is in the form of administrative sanctions given to PT Citra Van Titipan Kilat (TIKI) in the amount of Rp1,000,000.00 (one million rupiah). BPSK Bekasi City Decision No. 011/REG/BPSK-BKS/2020 is in accordance with the applicable legal provisions.

Safety and Security of the Environment for Flat Dwellers on the Granting of Building Rights Title (HGB) on Management Rights (HPL) for 80 Years

The development of high-rise apartment buildings is an alternative solution to meet the housing and settlement needs. After the enactment of the Job Creation Law (UUCK), the Government issued Regulation No. 18 of 2021 concerning Management Rights, Land Rights, High-rise Apartment Units, and Land Registration. In this regulation, the period of Building Use Rights (HGB) over Management Rights (HPL) can be granted for 80 (eighty) years for the construction of high-rise apartments. This study was conducted to determine whether granting HGB over HPL for 80 (eighty) years is appropriate to be implemented and whether it potentially threatens the safety and environmental security of the high-rise apartment residents. The study results show that based on the prevailing regulations, granting HGB over HPL for 80 (eighty) years is appropriate because there is periodic inspection of the feasibility of the function every 5 (five) years as a requirement for certificate of feasibility of function (SLF) extension. However, in terms of building reliability, granting HGB over HPL for high-rise apartments for 80 (eighty) years still potentially poses a threat to the safety and environmental security of the residents because the building's capability will decrease in strength that affects the building's reliability. Another risk arises because the sanctions given for the negligence of periodic inspections on the building's reliability in the process of extending SLF are only in the form of administrative sanctions, so more severe sanctions such as criminal sanctions need to be imposed on violators.

Juridical Analysis of Franchise Law in terms of Civil Law Aspects

Franchising arises due to the impact of the advancement of the global economic system. In the business world, especially in the world of trade, Indonesia is dominated by trade in goods which is the result of cooperation between Indonesian and foreign entrepreneurs. There are many forms of franchising in our environment, including fast food businesses such as those from outside and within the country such as Mc Donald, KFC, Pizza Hut, Simple RM, Mbok Berek, Mrs. Suharti and many other brands that are familiar to businesses. home furnishings and office furniture such as Ace Hardware and Ikea. In Indonesia, the legal basis governing franchising is basically not listed in the Criminal Code, but is regulated in Government Regulation No. 42 of 2007 concerning Franchising and also in Regulation of the Minister of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia Number 53/M-DAG/PER/8/2012. Basically the franchise agreement is a type of agreement that is born and grows in the community whose arrangements can be seen in the previous explanation, therefore the franchise agreement is classified as an innominate type of agreement. As referred to in Article 3 of Government Regulation No. 42 of 2007 concerning Franchising, basically aspects of intellectual property rights play a very important role in it. The forms of legal protection contained in a franchise can be classified into two types of legal protection, namely protection in the form of preventive and repressive protection, while the forms of sanctions that can be applied are in the form of administrative sanctions, written warnings or can also be subject to revocation of STPW for Franchisor and Franchisee. who violate the provisions. As a social institution in the field of franchising, or what we are more familiar with as franchising, it is certainly not free from all its weaknesses, even so, this system still has various principles of benefit and advantages in it.

Penegakan Hukum Administrasi Terhadap Pegawai Lapas Yang Terlibat Penyebaran Narkotika Di Dalam Lapas Kelas II A Ambon

The aim of this research is to analyze and find out about the classification of abuse of authority by Correctional Institution officers who distribute narcotics and to find out disciplinary sanctions for Correctional Institution officers who distribute narcotics according to Government Regulation Number 94 of 2021 concerning Civil Servant Discipline. The research method used is the normative legal type. Based on the results obtained (1) The classification of abuse of authority carried out by correctional institution officers regarding the distribution of narcotics that occurs in prisons, in essence, is that a prison officer has an obligation that he must carry out in prison. (2) Disciplinary sanctions for Correctional Institution officers who distribute narcotics according to Government Regulation Number 94 of 2021 concerning Civil Servant discipline are in the form of lighter disciplinary and administrative sanctions compared to Government Regulation Number 53 of 2010, namely Respectful Dismissal Not at Your Own Request. Where there is still a gap in Government Regulation Number 94 of 2021 concerning Civil Servant discipline for abusers who have civil servant status to receive pension benefits if they meet the criteria.

Penegakan Sanksi Hukum Terhadap Nasabah Wanprestasi Pada Koperasi Serba Usaha Bumi Raya Selong

The purpose of this research is to find out the problems that will be examined in this thesis, namely to find out the enforcement of sanctions, types of engagements and actual sanctions applied to customers who default on the Bumi Raya Selong multi-business cooperative according to the Bylaws and Legislation. The research method used is normative-empirical law and the specific research used in this research is descriptive analytical research. Based on the research results, the enforcement of legal sanctions against defaulting customers in the Bumi Raya Selong multi-business cooperative according to AD-ART is that there are no strict legal sanctions given, especially in the form of criminal sanctions if members default, however, the cooperative management provides sanctions in the form of sanctions. Moral to be more precise, because it looks at the member-based statutes. Through the family system, Bumi Raya Selong’s all-business cooperative will continue to maintain friendly relations and discuss it carefully with members so that members continue to pay even though the payment is due. The types of obligations that are violated by members continue to pay even though the payment is due. The types of obligations that are violated by members of the Bumi Raya Selong multi-business cooperative who are declared to be in default include members leaving the country, members not fulfilling their obligations as members (delaying paying instalments), or members violating the rules that have been issued by the cooperative as stated in credit agreement letter.

Conceptualizing digital sanctions as a new type of economic sanctions in the digital era: Digital-related sanctions measures against Russia and their consequences

In the era of digital transformation, the structure and application of economic sanctions have evolved, expanding from traditional trade embargoes to sophisticated digital and financial sanctions. The recent conflict in Ukraine triggered a spectrum of responses from the Western powers, targeting Russia’s digital sectors. The sanctions include restrictions on quantum computing, IT services, manufacturing, aerospace technology, and other measures that may impede the country’s digital transformation. This study aims to understand if these emerging digital-technology related measures can be perceived as a novel form of economic sanctions and to explore the potential economic implications for Russia. Two primary research questions are addressed in this paper: First, we ask whether sanctions targeting digital technology and development can be seen as an advanced form of economic sanctions, and what would be the subsequent economic losses incurred by Russia. We also explore possible Russian responds or adapt to these economic pressures. As digital transformation continues to revolutionise economies globally, this research posits that digital-technology sanctions hold substantial economic ramifications for targeted countries. By analysing the features and outcomes of the recent sanctions against Russia, the study provides insights into the evolving landscape of sanctions mechanisms and diplomacy in the digital age.

The Deterrent Effect of Financial Sanctions Pursuant to Article 260(2) tfeu in the Context of Violations of Environmental Obligations

Abstract The paper aims at understanding whether financial sanctions pursuant to Article 260(2) tfeu have a deterrent effect in relation to specific types of State breaches, namely environmental ones. Spanning three parts, the paper examines how the different type of infringement affects the effectiveness of the payment of financial sanctions, and how these are not equally effective in relation to all types of breaches. Subsequently, it studies the features and issues of the Italian cases. On the bases on this empirical analysis, the article will try to answer the research question. Finally, proposals for amendments will be drawn up, assessing the feasibility of other forms of sanctions.

Pendekatan Pembentukan Perilaku Keagamaan Siswa Melalui Tata Tertib

In this modern era, students' religious behavior has decreased such as their religious activities, morals, and ways of looking. School rules based on religious values are one of the efforts in shaping students' religious behavior. The purpose of this study was to find out how to approach the formation of students' religious behavior through school rules. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, data collection using observation, interview, and documentation methods. Data analysis techniques are carried out by collecting data, reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study show that the approach to shaping students' religious behavior through school rules at SMP IT Cahaya Islam Buaran South Tangerang works well by providing experiences such as manners, obligatory congregational prayers and sunnah. Habituation to perform obligations repeatedly. Provide examples such as obeying prayers, dressing, and manners. Emotional approach with religious studies. Rational approach with understanding through tausiyah. A functional approach with examples, direction, and knowledge. This approach is applied through school rules in the form of obligations, prohibitions and sanctions.

Legal Responsibility of Notaries Who Commit Fraud in Competing with Notaries

This research uses a normative juridical and sociological approach as well as explanatory research. The data sources obtained are primary data, secondary data and tertiary data. Primary data collection techniques are carried out by interviewing various respondents who understand and are involved in it. Data collection techniques involve observing the environment in the field and also in the literature. The research method uses descriptive qualitative data analysis. The research results show that: (1). Notaries who engage in unfair competition by not paying the pembayaran determined by the union violate the Notary's code of ethics and are subject to responsibility, in the form of established ethical sanctions. and regulated in the regulations of the Indonesian Notary Association. (2). Juridical implications for Notaries who commit fraud and ask for the minimum pembayaran stipulated by the Notary, can be sued for breach of contract by the Indonesian Notary Association, by issuing a warning or summons to the Notary concerned