Product Form Research Articles

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE VARIABILITY OF THE TRAITS "YIELD," "EARLINESS," AND THEIR COMPONENTS IN BREEDING GENOTYPES OF CUCUMBER IN OPEN FIELD CONDITIONS

Addressing the issue of fully meeting consumer market needs significantly depends on expanding and increasing the supply of domestic cucumber cultivars. Production can be enhanced by increasing diversity and productivity through plant breeding. Evaluation of genotypic and phenotypic parameters plays a crucial role in breeding work. The study aims to assess genetic variability, heritability of yield traits and their components in cucumber genotypes, and identify the most productive forms with high yield potential in open field conditions. Methods The study was conducted during 2021-2024 at the Institute of Vegetable and Melon Growing of NAAS, located in the central moderately humid region of Kharkiv Oblast under open field conditions. Eighteen breeding cucumber genotypes were studied. Results The results showed that the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) exceeded the corresponding values of the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). The highest PCV (37.9%) and GCV (19.3%) were observed for yield in the first decade of fruiting. Heritability (h²(b)) remained low for all traits except for the "seedling-to-fruiting" period (50%). The highest genetic progress in percentage (GAPM) was found for yield in the first decade of fruiting (6.58%). Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between total yield and marketable yield (r = 0.950) and a moderate correlation with yield in the first decade of fruiting (r = 0.522). A negative correlation was established between total yield and the durations of the "seedling-to-flowering" (r = -0.402) and "seedling-to-fruiting" (r = -0.407) periods. Cluster analysis identified four clusters within the studied cucumber breeding genotypes: Cluster I (3 samples): Dzherelo St, F5I3 4097, F11I6 (F1 Denyok / F3I3 D96a No2-95). Cluster II (3 samples): F8I6 Holub (self-pollinating), Holubchyk, F9I3 Pavlyk. Cluster III (5 samples): F8I7 Kuzya (open-pollinated), F8I4 Holan hybrid, F5I1 Octopus, Semkros, CS No55 F5I3 Marinda. Cluster IV (7 samples): CS No59 F5I3 Kibria, CS No57 F9I2 Asterix, CS No57 F5I2 Asterix (2), CS No54 F3I2 Karaoke, F3I1 Chechel, F15I12 Toma-18, CS No56 F5I2 Amur. Conclusions The study demonstrated the potential of breeding for the "yield in the first decade of fruiting" trait due to high genetic progress. Cluster analysis revealed significant differences between genotype groups, confirming their high potential for use in breeding programs.

Wiki warriors: language editors counter knowledge hierarchies during the pandemic

ABSTRACT The volunteerism of Wikipedia editors has been conceptualised as an altruistic form of social production and a form of social activism. However, notions of linguistic activism and cultural identity as motivators, and the ways in which editors representing the Global South have sought to counter knowledge inequities online, have not been addressed. Drawing on theoretical frameworks of digital colonialism and social justice; a grounded theory approach that included semi-structured interviews with prominent editors; and digital data analysis from Wikipedia, we present a culturally situated case study of Indian language Wikipedia editors during the Covid-19 pandemic. We identify them as ‘Wiki Warriors’ and offer their motivations and work practices as instructive for rethinking assumptions about digital colonialism. We find that during the urgency of the global health crisis, the editors in the Global South developed a range of decolonialist practices as they negotiated the tensions of western medicine and traditional non-Western healing systems, such as Ayurveda and Unnani, ‘universal’ facts, and the spreadability of vernacular, localised health information in the digital space. Such decolonialist strategies were shaped by the responses towards religious disharmony and misinformation.

Combination of anaerobic digestion and sludge biochar for bioenergy conversion: Estimation and evaluation of energy production, CO2 emission, and cost analysis.

Waste-to-energy technologies involve the conversion of several wastes to useful energy forms like biogas and biochar, which include biological and thermochemical processes, as well as the combination of both systems. Assessing the economic and environmental impacts is an important step to integrate sustainability and economic viability at anaerobic digestion systems and its waste management. Energy production, CO2 emissions, cost analysis, and an overall process evaluation were conducted, relying on findings from both laboratory and pilot-scale experiments. The digestate generated during anaerobic digestion proved to be an effective approach for mitigating some CO2 emissions while managing sludge waste within the anaerobic digestion and CHP system. Incorporating biochar production and application in soil into the process led to a 3.5 % reduction in CO2 emissions, which contributed to a more sustainable form of energy production while offering the potential for the generation of carbon credits through a carbon-negative process. The employment of digestate biochar for energy production seems a feasible way to reduce the amount of residue to final disposal in landfill with a minimal reduction of profit per GWh and a slight increase in the CO2 emissions by 2.7 %.

Situational Analysis of Power in Participatory Action Research: Mapping Systemic Frameworks, Discourses, and Principles for Critical Feminist Qualitative Inquiry

In this current context, critical epistemologies, methodologies, and frameworks like Participatory Action Research (PAR), decolonial theory, and situational analysis can provide relevant tools for critical feminist social work research and praxis to expose and reenvision harmful, extractive, and privatized knowledge generation and dissemination. In this article, I describe the possibilities for using critical situational analysis to promote critical feminist social work scholarship through the interrogation of colonial forms of knowledge production, recognition of enactments of refusal and resistance, and illustrations of situational mapping from a study focused on exploring power differentials within PAR collaborations among social work faculty and community stakeholders. I then discuss possibilities to incorporate these analytic qualitative methodologies and frameworks to promote critical feminist principles for critical qualitative inquiry.

WHEN INDUSTRY LORE DOESN'T WORK: EXPLORING MCNS' LIMITED INTERMEDIARY ROLES IN PROMOTIONAL CULTURE

Originating as supplementary firms that operate in and around YouTube’s advertising infrastructure, Multichannel Networks (MCNs) have become a renewed form of cultural intermediaries shaping platform-based cultural production (Lobato 2016; Craig and Cunningham 2019). The emergence of MCNs represents “an opportunity to revisit some elements of the theory base around intermediaries and update it for the platform economy” (Lobato 2016, 350). To hold with this appeal, this research investigates MCNs’ operations in the context of China’s e-commerce livestreaming industry and rethinks its position within the complicated social commerce landscape based on a three-month participatory observation (from December 2021 to March 2022) taken place in an MCN organization (pseudonymised as W company) in Guangzhou, China. For providing a more grounded analysis, 15 in-depth interviews with media professionals working in MCNs (within and outside W company) or working in the e-commerce livestreaming sector as content creator, advertiser, or manufacturer were also included. I employ the concepts of “trade stories” (Caldwell, 2008) and “industry lore” (Havens, 2014) to describe MCNs professionals’ meaning-making practices when navigating a complex network of actors including platforms, livestreamers, brands and retailers. Whilst MCNs are important “platform complementors” (Poell, Nieborg and Duffy 2022, 11) fulfilling an intermediary role in compliance with platforms’ commercial logics, practitioners also struggle to keep up with the changing business models. The deeply integrated components between cultural production and marketing activities in MCNs’ work are supported and determined by the digital platforms they operate around, making the MCNs’ intermediary roles limited, contingent, and oftentimes failing.

Architectural concretes for 3D construction printing

Introduction. One of the rising architectural trends of the present time is to increase the comfort and aesthetics of the territories of populated areas through artistic improvement, a significant role in which is given to various types of small architectural forms. The most budgetary and, at the same time, reliable and durable material for them is architectural concrete. The bottleneck in the use of concrete for the manufacture of small architectural forms is the relative difficulty of giving it complex spatial configurations. At the current level of development of concrete work technology, this drawback can be easily overcome through the use of construction 3D printing technology. The aim of the work was to develop effective architectural concrete for the manufacture of small architectural forms using the 3D construction printing method, based on composite binders containing weathered quartzite sandstones as a mineral additive, as one of the types of local energy-efficient raw materials. Materials and methods: The section presents comparative characteristics of weathered and unweathered quartzite sandstones.Results. The data on the dynamics of component grinding; compositions and characteristics of composite binders and fine-grained concretes based on them; results of manufacturing a pilot batch of small architectural forms using the construction printing method are presented.Discussion and conclusions. The description and analysis of the obtained experimental data are presented. The conclusions are formulated in which it is noted that for the organization of the production of modern small architectural forms, the technology of 3D construction printing is used, which allows the implementation of complex various spatial forms of products with any level of individualization without increasing costs. The developed molding mixtures confirmed the high efficiency of using weathered quartzite sandstone as part of a composite binder and technogenic sand. The introduction of the developed materials meets the requirements of energy and resource conservation, since the consumption of Portland cement and non-renewable natural resources is reduced.

Evaluation of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract for its In vitro Antibacterial Properties, Mechanism of Action, and In vivo Corneal Ulcer Healing Effects in Rabbits' Eyes.

M. oleifera is the most adapted tree species in different medicinal eco-systems and has resilience against climate changes. This multiple-use tree provides healthy foods, snacks, honey, and fuel. Besides this, it has immense promising applications by offering antimicrobial and antibacterial activities for targeted uses. This validates the court of Hippocrates that let food be the medicine and medicine be the food for which moringa qualifies. The objective of this study is to assess the antioxidant properties of M. oleifera, in vitro antibacterial activity of hydro-ethanolic extract, and further investigate in vivo healing potential of M. oleifera for corneal ulcers and in silico analysis. To evaluate the antioxidant and in vitro antibacterial potency of the hydro-ethanolic extract of M. oleifera on clinically isolated multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus using agar well diffusion assay. Furthermore, in vivo, healing response of M. oleifera extract was analysed on corneal ulcers induced in rabbit eyes infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The M. oleifera extract exhibited exponential antioxidant activity. In-vitro antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion assay showing zone of inhibition ranging from 11.05 ± 0.36 to 20 ± 0.40 mm at concentrations of 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/ml, whereas, in our finding, no zone of inhibition was observed below 20 mg/ml concentration, which indicated that there is threshold limit below which the antibacterial activity of M. oleifera extract is not observed. Furthermore, continuous application of 3% and 5% M. oleifera extract (eye drop) four times a day for 14 consecutive days showed a significant healing response of the eyes of rabbits with corneal ulcers. These results suggest that M. oleifera extract could be a viable alternative or in combination could be used in existing antibacterial therapies for corneal ulcers. Additionally, there is a possibility of commercial formulation of M. oleifera extract in the form of deliverable pharmaceutical products; therefore, it should be explored further.

Evaluating environmental impacts of micro, mini and small hydropower plants in Norway

Small-scale hydropower plants with an installed capacity <10 MW are an important part of Norway’s local and regional development. Small-scale facilities have been viewed as a relatively environmentally friendly form of energy production because they are assumed to have limited negative environmental impact. However, the plants potentially have environmental impacts related to land use changes from infrastructure installation and also instream effects such as barriers to fish migration or disturbed flow conditions within bypasses. We used a remote sensing and GIS approach to examine the relative environmental impacts of three different size classes of Norwegian small-scale plants – categorized as micro (< 0.1 MW), mini (0.1 – 1 MW) and small (1 – 10 MW). We evaluated 148 small-scale hydropower projects in Trøndelag, central Norway, focusing on their footprint and potential environmental impacts. Our analysis showed a slight preference for siting in forested habitat and, in particular, forested gorges associated with high biodiversity. However, most hydropower plants were not sited in forested gorges, or in areas with high predicted intensities of threatened terrestrial species. Similarly, there was little overlap with known migratory paths of Atlantic salmon and sea trout, or with archived occurrence records of instream fishes: salmon, trout or European eel. A low degree of overlap was attributed to the limited number of projects compared to the extensive distribution of these fish populations. The footprint areas of the projects were small (< 4 ha) but increased with the size of the hydropower plants. Individual micro plants likely had low impact within their footprint because they required the least infrastructure for installation, and lacked dams which may act as barriers to fish movements. However, small plants were more land-use efficient. Our findings suggest that all size classes of small-scale hydropower plant have a role in balancing Norway’s goals of minimizing environmental impacts of energy production while contributing to local and regional development.

Unraveling the role of E. coli and calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase in calcium phosphate synthesis.

The enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of calcium phosphate is a promising method for producing calcium-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications. The purpose of this work was to determine the type of phosphate that forms when alkaline phosphatase catalyzes the reaction, and to identify the role of natural biopolymers in calcium phosphate formation. In this research, we analyzed calcium phosphates that were synthesized in the presence of alkaline phosphatase from either E. coli or calf intestinal, analyzed the obtained nanoparticles and compared them by functional composition, elemental ratio, and morphology. Since all syntheses were performed in Tris buffer with the addition of MgCl2, the final depleted hydroxyapatite incorporated magnesium. It was found that in the first 24 h, the reaction product form is determined by the enzyme source as well as the presence of other biopolymers (in particular, humic acid) in the reaction mixture. Hollow nanospheres of the depleted hydroxyapatite were obtained as a final product for both E. coli and calf-intestinal alkaline phosphatase during a 7-day reaction. When humic acid was added into the reaction mixture, separate spheres of the depleted hydroxyapatite were observed during a 24-h reaction. When Mg ions are present in the reaction mixture as a buffer component, they are evenly incorporated into the structure of the resulting calcium phosphate. The data obtained can be useful in understanding the calcification process of bioobjects and in applying the enzymatic method of calcium phosphate synthesis to biomedical applications.

공화주의적 민주시민 교육 탐색 : 비에스타의 정치적 접근을 중심으로

The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibility of republican civic education through three approaches of democratic education by Biesta. Biesta categorises democratic civic education into three: Kant's individual approach, Dewey's social approach, and Arendt's political approach which he introduces as a way of alternative democratic education in the post modern era. Drawing upon Biesta’s approaches has two advantages when we appropriate republicanism into the area of education. On the one hand, it helps to overcome the limitation of republicanism by interpreting Arendt’s republican idea in the post modern context of difference and plurality as Arendt’s core ideas are considered to boil down to republicanism. On the other hand, Biesta's perspective on democratic civic education presents an important pedagogical implication, especially when applying republicanism into the area of education where easily returns to the forms of production in modern education. This is expected to have a significant influence on the more delicate thinking about republican civic education by presenting subtle pedagogical points that should be considered separately from the political discourse when they are applied into education.

THE PLACE AND ROLE OF THE STATE IN ANTICYCLICAL REGULATION OF THE ECONOMY: SPECIFICITY OF THE CRISIS PHASE

The article examines the place and role of the state in anticyclical regulation in the crisis phase. The process of the cycle, which has the property of being significantly modified, is studied. The specificity of the modification is not limited only to changing the duration of recession and recovery. It is shown that the configuration of the cycle itself and its reproductive functions are changing. The main theories explaining economic cyclicality are studied; qualitative changes that the cycle has undergone in the context of globalization; the regulatory role of the state in anticyclical regulation in the crisis phase; instruments of state anticyclical regulation; mechanisms of anti-crisis state management of socio-economic processes. Qualitative changes that the cycle has undergone in the context of globalization are highlighted. This is significantly influenced by a number of factors, including: monopolistic market structure; state regulation of the economy; scientific and technological progress; the process of internationalization of production.It is proven that the regulatory role of the state is manifested in the fact that for the purpose of anti-cyclical activity, it uses, first of all, budgetary, tax and credit policies. The state influences socio-economic processes by implementing anti-crisis regulation measures, namely: preventing and eliminating insolvency and bankruptcy; overcoming the decline in production; achieving stabilization with further expansion/increase in the volume of reproduction of competitive products and services; increasing employment and creating conditions for the growth of incomes of workers. The state in countries with a developed market economy is not always aimed at its own anti-crisis regulation, taming cyclical fluctuations and stabilizing economic equilibrium. It can and, depending on the socio-economic and socio-political situation, should implement pro-cyclical policies. Despite the fact that crises (recessions) cause considerable economic costs, the market economy from cycle to cycle reaches increasingly higher levels of development, improving not only the material basis, but also the organizational forms of production, distribution, exchange and consumption.

Cyclic regulation of self-induced hydraulic fracturing cracks to improve the flooding efficiency of low-permeability reservoirs

The article is devoted to the topical issue of optimizing flooding in the development of deposits using a reservoir pressure maintenance system. In conditions of low permeability and weak reservoir connectivity, when water is injected into the injection well, when the injection pressure exceeds the pressure of rock rupture, auto-fracturing cracks occur. In order to ensure the maximum coverage factor of the reservoir by flooding during the development of the field, it is necessary to initiate and maintain the optimal fracture geometry of the auto-fracturing. The aim of the work is to analyze the modes of cyclic regulation of injection into the reservoir to maintain the optimal size of man-made cracks during the development of the field. The article presents the results of hydrodynamic modeling of flooding options with varying injection and shutdown times of injection wells, taking into account the geomechanical patterns of the spread of man-made cracks in the formation. Based on the results of the calculations performed, based on the forecast characteristics of displacement and the rate of oil extraction, the optimal modes of cyclic reservoir flooding were determined. The work is of great commercial importance, which is confirmed by the positive effect in the form of additional oil production within the framework of pilot tests of the proposed scheme. Keywords: self-induced hydraulic fracture; low-permeability reservoir; waterflood; water injection system; horizontal well; bottom hole pressure; reservoir pressure; fracture half-length; periodic injection of water.

Strengthening the technological sovereignty of the Russian oil and gas industry in the context of turbulent geopolitics in the world

Every year, the energy sector of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as RF) is faced with the emergence of new restrictions from other states that hinder its strengthening. After the introduction of a number of regular packages of sanctions by Western countries and the United States of America against the RF, implying a ban on a large number of supplies of equipment and technologies to the oil and gas industry, it becomes obvious that there is a need for domestic developments. In the current geopolitical situation, domestic oil and gas companies have the opportunity to expand their markets, create new areas of activity in the form of production of their own equipment and technologies in the field of drilling oil and gas wells on land and at sea, extraction of hydrocarbon resources, information technologies with the prospect of reaching the international level. The purposes of this study are to analyse the policy of strengthening the sovereignty of the Russian oil and gas industry over the past 10 years and identify key areas for its further development. Also, within the framework of this article, the main domestic companies that have succeeded in developing their own technologies and equipment are identified, possible threats hindering the implementation of import substitution policy are found, and possible solutions are proposed.

Sociology and Literature: Notes on an Ambivalent Affinity

The paper begins with Wolf Lepenies’ idea of sociology as a “third culture“, positioned between science and the humanities. Lepenies argues that sociology arose in the 19th century in the context of a bitter rivalry with literature, as both contestants sought to become the principal guide in helping humanity find its way in the new, modern society ushered in by political and industrial revolutions of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. This competition forced sociology to seek legitimacy at the opposite side by borrowing epistemological principles from natural science, which eventually resulted in sociology’s irremediably “middle“ position, which has defined it ever since. The paper focuses on one side of the triangle only, i.e. the relation of sociology to literature, and reviews four possible ways in which the affinity between the two has been construed in sociology’s self-reflection and professional practice. 1) One is based on the recognition of similarities in contents, arguing that both speak of essentially the same subject matter – individuals, families and their destinies within society, conveyed through narrative. Here, the 19th century novel is particularly pertinent, with writers such as Balzac, Zola, and Flaubert leading the way. 2) The second form of affinity points to the similarly privileged social position of both disciplines, and the concomitant responsibility that is ascribed to each in redressing social wrongs and changing the social world for the better. Bourdieu’s conceptualization of the issue is discussed as the most fruitful. 3) Third, the category of “writing“ connects them as two different forms of textual production, with both being subject to comparable requirements of style, genre, and rhetoric. Within contemporary sociology, Jeffrey Alexander’s cultural sociology and social constructionism refracted through sociology’s methodological legacy of qualitative analysis are taken as representative in understanding of sociology as close to literary production. 4) The most abstract conceptualization of similarities locates them at the level of cognitive structures, with both literature and sociology seeking to uncover deeper truths hidden under the screen of self-evident conventions and routines of everyday life. Here, the examples are provided by Lahire’s interpretation of Kafka and Boltanski’s argument about parallels between sociology and detective and spy novels, as well as by more general discussions of literature’s stylistic devices that sometimes give it an advantage in capturing aspects of social reality. In conclusion, it is argued that sociology remains a “third culture“ and that a closer and more open-minded reflection on its affinity with literature could help revitalize its potentials in the contemporary context.

Remineralisation of enamel erosive lesions by daily-use fluoride treatments: network meta-analysis of an in situ study set

ObjectivesDaily-use fluoride products are first-line protection against enamel wear from dietary-acid exposure (DAE). This study aimed to understand effects of fluoride concentration, fluoride salt, product form and ingredients in daily-use products on remineralisation and demineralisation, via network meta-analysis (NMA) of 14 studies using one well-established in-situ model. Remineralisation (surface-microhardness recovery, SHMR) after treatment, and protection against subsequent demineralisation (acid-resistance ratio, ARR) were measured.Materials and methodsHealthy participants, wearing intra-oral palatal appliances holding enamel specimens eroded with standardised DAE, used test products once. Enamel hardness was assessed (Knoop microhardness probe) pre-DAE; post-DAE; after 4 h intra-oral remineralisation; and after post-remineralisation DAE. NMA was performed using a mixed-models approach on subject-level data to estimate and compare means.ResultsThere was a dose-response for fluoride ion in toothpastes (0-1426ppm F; p < 0.001 for SMHR and ARR). One toothpaste (silica-based, 1150ppm F as NaF) showed a benefit for SMHR versus placebo [mean(standard error)]: 8.8%(0.6%) (33.0% vs. 24.2%; p < 0.001); for ARR: 0.27(0.03) (0.43 vs. 0.15; p < 0.001; 9 mutual studies). Use of fluoride mouthwash after fluoride toothpaste increased SMHR [2.4%(1.1%); p = 0.043; 3 studies]; the effect on ARR [0.08(0.05)] was not significant (p = 0.164). Negative effects of polyvalent metal ions and polyphosphates on SMHR (p < 0.05) were observed.ConclusionsNMA proved effective in discriminating between fluoride-based treatments in this in-situ study, highlighting the importance of fluoride ion to enamel protection and showing formulation ingredients can affect its performance.Clinical RelevanceDaily-use fluoride products can protect enamel against dietary acids, but careful formulation is required for optimal performance.

Роль человеческого капитала малых форм аграрного производства в развитии органического сельского хозяйства

Based on a critical review of domestic and foreign scientific publications, insufficiently studied problems are identified and the relevance of the study of the dependence of the spread and development of organic agriculture in small forms of agricultural production on their human capital is substantiated. The author's definition of the concept of “organic agriculture” is formulated, its interrelationships with sustainable development are established. Based on the analysis of the production of organic products in the country and in the world, global trends in the development of organic agriculture have been identified. Within the framework of the research, the influence of elements of human capital (capital of health and longevity, intellectual and social capital) on the spread and development of organic agriculture has been established, and the possibilities of its promotion in small forms of agricultural production have been formulated. The results of a questionnaire survey of representatives of small forms of agricultural production in the Zaporozhye and Kherson regions confirmed the factors formulated during the study that promote and hinder the spread of organic agriculture in them, and also justified the main directions of its development. The influence of the development of organic agriculture on the formation and use of human capital of small forms of agricultural production has been established, and the main directions for its further formation have been proposed. The prospects for further research are outlined — the development of an organizational and economic management mechanism for small forms of agricultural production aimed at improving the quality and increasing the efficiency of using their human capital.

Pemberdayaan Ekonomi melalui Pengolahan Hasil Pertanian Desa Dayakan Kecamatan Badegan Kabupaten Ponorogo

poverty in Indonesia is the largest contributor to the number of farmers. This is because farmers have not received special attention from the government. Even though Indonesia is a fertile country, many farmers are still at the poverty line. For example, farmers in Sekar Putih hamlet, Dayakan Village, Badengan District, Ponorogo Regency. Farmers will be more productive during the rainy season, and will become consumptive farmers during the dry season. This is because in the dry season, farmers do not cultivate their agricultural land, and only rely on plants planted in the rainy season. The method used in this service activity is ABCD (Asset Based Community Development) in which community empowerment uses an asset approach. Local assets around the community that have not been used for empowerment are used as empowerment capital. The results of the mapping of assets in the Sekar Putih hamlet, Dayakan Village, show that farmers have assets in the form of agricultural products, namely cassava. Cassava is made into a cassava layered sponge cake to have a high selling value. So that the result of processing assets in the form of cassava is able to improve the economy of farmers

Machine Learning Driven Optimization of Electrolyte for Highly Reversible Zn-Air Batteries with Superior Long-Term Cycling Performance.

Aqueous alkaline Zn-air batteries (ZABs) have garnered widespread attention due to their high energy density and safety, however, the poor electrochemical reversibility of Zn and low battery round-trip efficiency strongly limit their further development. The manipulation of an intricate microscopic balance among anode/electrolyte/cathode, to enhance the performance of ZABs, critically relies on the formula of electrolytes. Herein, the Bayesian optimization approach is employed to achieve the effective design of optimal compositions of multicomponent electrolytes, resulting in the remarkable enhancement of ZAB performance. Notably, ethylene glycol has been successfully employed as both electrolyte additive and fuel, playing key roles in changing the reaction pathways of ZABs, especially the storage form of discharge products from ZnO deposition on the anode to Zn2+-based hybrid particle colloids in the electrolyte. As a result, the as-obtained novel ZABs can deliver superior battery reversibility and stability (1700 h at 2 mA cm-2 and 1400 h at 20 mA cm-2), greatly improved round-trip efficiency as high as 76.3%, and even continuous discharge until complete Zn anode depletion. This work has demonstrated enormous potential for long-term energy storage applications and holds promise for bringing new opportunities to the development of ZABs.

A Highly Sensitive RP HPLC‐PDA Analytical Method for Detection and Quantification of a Newly Synthesized (E‐2‐((E)‐4‐(5‐Ethoxy‐3‐Methyl‐1‐Phenyl‐1H‐Pyrazole‐4‐yl)but‐3‐en‐2‐Ylidene)) Hydrazine‐1‐Carbothioamide in Nanosuspension

ABSTRACTAnalytical methods development and validation are vital for the precise detection, quantification, and characterization of novel therapeutic compounds, especially those with poor aqueous solubility, such as pyrazolone derivatives. This study aimed to develop and validate a sensitive, accurate, and efficient RP HPLC‐PDA method for the detection and quantification of novel (E‐2‐((E)‐4‐(5‐ethoxy‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐yl)but‐3‐en‐2‐ylidene) hydrazine‐1‐carbothioamide in nanosuspension. The method was optimized for high sensitivity and specificity using a Shim‐pack GIST C18 (5 µm, 150 × 4.6 mm) column, with an isocratic mobile phase of ACN and 0.1% TFA in water (75:25 v/v). It employed a 0.5 mL/min flow rate, a 20 µL injection volume, and detected the compound at 333 nm. The method showed excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9994) over a concentration range of 2.5–50 µg/mL, with high precision, accuracy, and reproducibility, in compliance with ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. The LOD and LOQ were 2.43 and 7.38 µg/mL, respectively. Recovery rates ranged from 110% to 112%, with RSD below 2%. The validated RP HPLC‐PDA method was effectively applied to detect, characterize, and quantify the novel compound in its nanosuspension form. This method offers a reliable analytical tool for the quality control of this novel compound, both in raw material and finished product forms, as well as for impurity profiling, drug release, and stability testing, which will, in turn, facilitate new drug development.

DEPOSITION OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS FROM MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS BY SNOW COVER IN THE ROADSIDE SPACE

The microzone of chemical pollution is crucial for the level of environmental safety of road operation and their interaction with the environment – the transfer of pollutants generated by the combustion of fuels in engines and substances used in road maintenance by air and water. The chemical composition of exhaust gases entering the lower atmosphere in the human breathing zone is dangerous not only for human health but also for the formation of greenhouse gases. The environmental hazard of nitrogen compound emissions is caused by the formation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the atmosphere and nitrogen deposition in ecosystems. Roadside snow cover is an extremely informative substrate for monitoring the level and characteristics of roadside pollution by motor vehicle emissions. It adsorbs emission components, which are identified in melted snow as nitrogen compounds – nitrates and ammonium ion, particles in the form of suspended solids, hydrocarbons in the form of petroleum products. These contaminants form an environmental hazard of surface wastewater generated on the roadside for soils and natural water bodies. The aim of the study is to experimentally determine the contamination of snow in the roadside area of urban and suburban roads by the main environmentally hazardous pollutants of exhaust gases immobilized in the snow cover: particles (suspended solids), hydrocarbons (petroleum products), and nitrogen compounds. An experimental study of the contamination of the snow cover in the roadside area with priority pollutants (ammonium, nitrates, suspended particles, petroleum products) from vehicle emissions was carried out. It was found that in the process of exposure of the snow cover, the concentration of all studied pollutants in it increased steadily compared to the content in atmospheric snow. With increasing distance from urban and suburban roads, snow contamination with suspended solids and petroleum products was negatively correlated. This demonstrates the level of anthropogenic load created by motor vehicle traffic in the studied areas. The concentration of nitrogen-containing compounds – ammonium nitrogen and nitrates – had a positive correlation and increased with increasing distance from the road. Thus, on the studied road sections, there was a simultaneous emission of ammonium nitrogen and nitrogen oxides, which creates a particularly dangerous environmental situation in urban areas due to the formation of PM2.5.