Forms Of Ownership Research Articles

Міжлабораторні порівняльні випробування як спосіб оцінки технічної компетентності вимірювальних лабораторій

The article substantiates the necessity of participation of measuring laboratories of coke and coal industry enterprises in interlaboratory comparative tests. It is shown that the decisive factor in the accreditation or certification of testing laboratories is the reliability of the results. Thus, the regulatory documents governing the general requirements for the competence of laboratories specify a number of measures to ensure the quality of the results obtained. Among them, participation in inter-laboratory comparative tests (ILCT) is recognised as the most objective way to verify the reliability of the results obtained in a laboratory. The article defines the ILCT and explains the responsibilities of organisations entitled to conduct them. The data on the experience of the Testing Centre ‘Khartsis’ of SE ‘UKHIN’, approved by the NATIONAL ACCREDITATION AGENCY OF UKRAINE as a provider of verification of the professional level of laboratories in the field of testing lignite, hard coal, anthracite, products of their processing and blast furnace coke, foundry coke, coal coke, coke nuts, coke fines, are presented. In particular, the article analyses the results of four rounds of the Interlaboratory Comparison Programme for the Measurement of Coal and Coke Quality Indicators, implemented by the SE ‘UKHIN’ in 2023, in which measuring laboratories of coke and chemical enterprises, concentrating plants, mines, thermal power plants and other enterprises of various forms of ownership and departmental subordination participated. Using the example of actual results obtained, it is shown that constant participation in the Programme is an effective means of controlling the quality and reliability of the results issued by the laboratory, as it allows timely identification and elimination of the causes of poor quality measurements. Keywords: coal, coke, quality indicators, measuring laboratory, comparative interlaboratory tests, Programme, provider, control sample, round, certification, accreditation. Corresponding author: O.B. Sosnova, e- mail: lenas61.61@gmail.com

Procedural concept for complex risk assessment in a multinational company in Romania

Globally, the process of assessing the risks to the health and safety of workers is implemented through the use of hundreds of dedicated tools, used in a flexible and complementary way, according to clearly specified criteria. Unfortunately, in the national practice of occupational risk assessment, only one method has become generalized, which is used in a proportion of 90-95%, and the major problem is that often it is not even applied only formally. This paper has an ambitious goal, aiming to offer practitioners in our country a case study on good practice on the procedural structure for achieving and capitalizing on the results of risk assessment, in a manner that is both complex and pragmatic. The concept proposed and successfully implemented at the investigated multinational company, offers a major potential to improve the management of occupational safety and health in economic organizations, regardless of their size, form of ownership or other categories of conditioning.

Особенности и возможности цифровизации компаний

The economy and the society transformation caused by digitalization poses new challenges for organizations of all sizes, forms of ownership and industries. The digital age provides companies with access to new ideas, technologies, business models and markets. Companies will increasingly rely on artificial intelligence to perform basic routine tasks. The rapid change of customers’ needs leads to restructuring of value chains and market structures. At the same time, new strategic perspectives are emerging, the old business models becoming uncompetitive. The vast majority of Russian companies consider digitalization a priority in their activities because of financial benefits. Reducing transaction costs (the costs associated with finding and processing the necessary data) increases flexibility and efficiency of the economy. Digitalization stimulates innovation process in the service sector and allows opening completely new business lines and markets that were previously not available due to the lack of technical capabilities. Digital platforms are playing increasingly important economic role, and some of them have already gained very strong global positions (Google occupies 90% of the search engine, Meta accounts for two thirds of the global social media market, and 40% of online sales are carried out through Amazon). These trends can lead to increased inequality and concentration of wealth in the hands of small group of individuals. Therefore, the inclusiveness of the digital economy is unacceptable. The purpose of the study is to determine digitalization features and prospects of modern organizations business activities. Dialectical and logical methods were used in the article to form causal relationships in the processes of digital transformation of enterprises. As a result, the article reveals the economic features of digitalization, which are the drivers of scientific and technological progress at the present time. Attention is paid to the advantages that digital technologies bring to companies, starting from the possibility of maintaining their place in the market and ending with higher salaries for employees.

Sustainable development Universities-Opportunities & challenges on the road to society 5.0 from the key stakeholder perspective.

There has been a growing push on universities worldwide to demonstrate how their work contributes to the indicators of sustainable development goals. In addition to producing a foundation of human resources to assist the change toward greater sustainability, universities may have a significant influence on individual behaviour. The article's goal is to highlight the potential and difficulties that the surveyed universities face as they work to construct a 5.0 society and pursue sustainable development. It does this by analysing students' perspectives from these universities in ten different nations. A Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing (CAWI) questionnaire was used for the study. The hypotheses about the relationship between the university's legal status and form of ownership and the level of students' awareness of sustainable development were verified. The findings indicated that by promoting sustainable development, the universities under investigation had the opportunity to garner interest and involve students. Nevertheless, this calls for funding, better educational initiatives, and a well-rounded strategy. Furthermore, encouraging a sustainable culture within the university ecosystem and openly sharing these efforts with students and the general public will make universities more visible, respected, and driven, boosting involvement and engagement in sustainability initiatives on campus.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА УПРАВЛІННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНО-ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНИМ ПОРТФЕЛЕМ В УМОВАХ ПЕРЕТВОРЕННЯ КОМПАНІЇ В ХОЛДИНГОВУ СТРУКТУРУ

The domestic economy, successfully integrated into world market relations, strives to take a leading position in modern world economic relations. The high dynamics of economic and political transformations of the legislative and executive power of our state has a stimulating effect on the activities of economic entities of the national economy. Fast-growing enterprises and companies of various forms of ownership and size are faced with the problem of finding further ways to improve the efficiency of their activities. One of these ways is the transition to innovative development factors. This path involves the development, development and use of a set of product (new products) and process (new technologies) innovations. Creativity of management allows to ensure economic adaptability of the company's management system to rapidly changing conditions of market relations. As a result of changes in the external conditions of business entities, it is the creative team of managers who are able to create a complex of non-standard management solutions for the company and successfully implement these solutions in the process of its development. Such a set of solutions, for example, may contain organizational changes in the company structure or business processes being implemented, redistribution of product and financial flows, development and implementation of investment projects, as well as various combinations of potentially possible elements of a set of management solutions. In order to obtain profit and achieve positive results from investment in innovation, modern organizations create innovation investment portfolios that reduce the risk of losing invested funds. The creation of an innovation-investment portfolio is connected with the selection of the most optimal objects of investment in innovation, that is, the implementation of innovation-investment activities. In order to evaluate the innovation and investment portfolio, various methods are used, in addition, the selection of the optimal option for the creation and regulation of the innovation and investment portfolio is carried out, as well as the analysis of potential risks that the organization will face.

Development of the budgeting system as a tool of management accounting in the budgetary institution

The study was conducted to develop a budgeting system based on the formation of financial management structure in the budget institution, contributing to the rational resource functioning, the achievement of established state goals and information objectivity. The objectives of the study included determining the degree of implementation of management accounting tool - budgeting - in the activities of institutions. In the course of the study the financial structure of organizations was developed, which is represented by budgetary institutions and commercial enterprises, where not only the form of ownership, but also the specifics of activity is taken into account. On the basis of the budgetary structure the scheme of the consolidated budget of the institution in the divisional and functional aspect and practical recommendations for the development of forms of each of the presented budgets are offered. The application of the developed model of budgeting will help in the formation of operational, relevant management decisions to achieve the mission of the institution. This tool makes it possible not only to reduce deviations from the state assignment, but also to achieve the set targets of income-generating activities.

Export of educational services for development of medical tourism

The education sector helps attract foreigners for educational purposes, which contributes to the development of medical tourism. Every year the attractiveness of educational services increases and the number of foreign tourists receiving medical education increases. The growth of medical tourism is driving job creation in healthcare, hospitality, tourism and other related industries. Medical tourists spend significant amounts of money on treatment, accommodation, transportation and related services, which contributes to the influx of foreign exchange into the country. The article analyzes the dynamics of the number of educational organizations in the Kyrgyz Republic by type and form of ownership, the number of university students from the CIS countries, from countries outside the CIS, the number of students studying in educational institutions of secondary vocational education of the Kyrgyz Republic from the CIS countries and outside the CIS for 2018- 2022. A typology of educational services for export has been proposed, including bachelor's and master's programs, PhD programs, student mobility, language courses, internships, scientific practical conferences, educational projects, joint scientific research. To develop educational services in medical universities, innovative educational technologies, information and communication technologies, technologies for the development of “critical thinking”, game teaching methods and much more are offered.

КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ ПЛАТІЖНИХ СИСТЕМ В ЕЛЕКТРОННІЙ КОМЕРЦІЇ

The article examines the payment systems used in the world and in Ukraine, their features and components, existing varieties. It has been proven that payment systems based on electronic money include: payment systems based on smart cards; softwarebased payment systems operating on the Internet; payment systems based on mobile communication networks. The existing classifications of payment systems are given according to various characteristics: by the method of execution, by the type of operation, by the form of ownership, by the territory of operation, by the degree of residency of the participants, by the volume of payments made, etc. The article, based on its own long-term experience of working with various electronic payment systems, offers its own classification of payment systems by the scope of coverage: a) global payment systems; b) local (national) payment systems. The main global payment systems of the world and local payment systems of the United States, Canada, Great Britain, the countries of the European Union and Ukraine are indicated. A general scheme of the entire system of electronic payments has been built. The mechanism of making payments through LiqPay, WISE and PAYONEER payment services and the features of the functioning of these payment systems are described. The nuances of the acquiring payment transaction processing process, as well as the procedure for introducing an international bank account number (IBAN) in Ukraine, were traced and indicated. Facilitation of greater integration of the Ukrainian payment space with the European one due to savings on bank commissions and speed of operations was revealed. The dependence of the development of electronic commerce on the perfection, volume and convenience of payment systems is singled out.

Energy-Saving Method of Basic Tillage and Soil and Design for Its Implementation

The article is devoted to the analysis of mechanization tools for mineral fertilizer application systems of enterprises of various forms of ownership, which can be used for implementation into the production process. This will allow us to further develop a machine design that would be able to fully meet the initial agrotechnical requirements for working in conditions of limited land use. We conducted a patent search using publicly available tools.

Experience and prospects of the use of precision livestock farming in the Russian Federation

The purpose of the work was to analyze the use of precision livestock farming technologies in the Russian Federation. A number of highly promising directions in the development of agriculture in general and animal husbandry in particular in the agro-industrial complex of the Russia Federation was described in the article. The main attention was paid to the development of precision livestock farming technologies as the most important component in the digital transformation of agricultural production with its most developed livestock segment and especially dairy cattle breeding. An overview of some important software products being developed, implemented and already widely used, information systems, and other digital solutions are extremely necessary for the effective functioning of the livestock industry of Russia. Some landmark developments, examples of the introduction of precision livestock farming elements, automation systems, information and analytical systems in agriculture, which are actively engaged in a number of organizations of the Russian Academy of Sciences and especially scientific and practical centers, scientific and research institutes as well as other domestic organizations of various departmental affiliation and form of ownership, have been considered. The new opportunities and advantages received by the state and farmers from the use of various digital solutions in the field of animal husbandry have been discussed.

Features of the influence on the economic dynamics of social institutions, formal and informal values

The article reveals the role of legitimate institutions and illegitimate institutions, formal and informal dominant values in providing the environment in which the economy functions and develops, certain characteristic features, the qualitative properties of which play a decisive role in the process of forming economic dynamics. The influence of personal interest, not limited by the framework of sociocentric morality, on the development of negative trends in the surrounding natural environment, the growth of social contrasts, the formation of a shadow economy, the spread of corruption, the increase of transaction costs, the inhibition of modernization processes in the field of production of goods, the accumulation of complications in the provision of quality services, etc. An analysis of the problems and threats caused by the stimulation of personal interest without its simultaneous subordination to public interests and coordination with them was carried out. It has been revealed how personal interest, unlimited by ethical norms, becomes the cause of the development of negative trends at the current stage of the evolution of the consumer economy, under the influence of both the stimulation of artificial needs of ordinary citizens at the bottom of the socio-economic pyramid, and the growth of the scale of quasieconomic activities of leaders in the accumulation of capitalist resources at its top. The role of sociometric morality, corporate ethics, and solidarity between people in increasing the effectiveness of the organization of subjects of economic activity of various forms of ownership, scale of activity, and level of capitalization is revealed. It was established that legal regulators alone are not enough to ensure a high level of organizational efficiency of the economy, since all the nuances in the complex web of a large number of economic interactions cannot be taken into account in the current laws, for which certain «blind spots» always remain, in which there is room for manipulation. Along with this, it was analyzed how due to «blind spots» not taken into account in the laws, a favorable environment is formed for the development of corruption and imitation activities in the economy, in which the redistribution of income, resources, property, capital, etc. replaces the production of necessary goods and the multiplication of real capital at the disposal of society. The role of social norms, which are formed on the basis of dominant values, in constructing the quality of the environment in which the economy functions, receiving from it, depending on its properties, either impulses for its development, or inertial paralysis caused by the dominance of redistribution over progress, is revealed. It has been established that the economic paradigm has changed from the focus on multiplying productive capital to consumer priorities, rent, and power acquired through accumulated signs of wealth (money and securities), which step by step lose the ability to adequately reflect economic reality.

Reggio Emilia approach in interaction with young children

The article highlights the unique Reggio-Emilia approach, familiarity with which is important in terms of changes in preschool education in Ukraine in accordance with global educational trends formulated in accordance with general changes in the world (pandemic, war, environmental problems, etc.). The importance of creating conditions for self-expression of children in the educational environment of a preschool education institution with the help of a specially created environment is described. An analytical review of the environmental approach proposed by the Reggio-Emilia approach and the impact of such an environment on the development of a harmonious personality was carried out. Questions were raised regarding the possibility of providing children with sufficient free time in an environment filled with materials. The peculiarities of the implementation of the Reggio-Emilia approach in the structure of the day for young children are outlined: meeting on the piazza and its importance in creating relationships between all children and adults; holding the assembly and its main points; selection of activities and features of their presentation in accordance with previously developed documentation; types of activities in the environment and related facilities. The article highlights the ideas of organizing children's life activities in preschool education institutions of various forms of ownership, which work according to the Reggio-Emilia approach. The analysis of architectural solutions in preschool education institutions that work according to the Regio-Emilia approach was carried out. The importance of realizing the child's self-expression in the personal paradigm in education is argued. The activities that children choose during their free time are characterized: activities without an adult, activities with an adult, the peculiarities of their location in the environment for the sake of interest and deepening the research topic. The main types of documentation are identified, which are important for the formation of activities and offers for children, taking into account the possibility of "self-expression" with the specified activities. The Reggio-Emilia approach is described as one of the progressive and years-proven practice approaches that contribute to the "self-expression" of children. Attention is focused on the importance of essential changes in the creation of the developmental space of preschool institutions of Ukraine, which will contribute to the free choice of children and their "self-expression". Conclusions were made and prospects for further research were determined.

УПРАВЛІННЯ КОМУНІКАЦІЯМИ ТА ЗНАННЯМИ В ПРОЄКТАХ ТРАНСПОРТНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article is devoted to the needs of the development of transport enterprises in accordance with the requirements of numerous economic agents, state regulators regarding the provision of transport services and maintaining competitive positions in the transportation market. Insufficient investment activity of transport enterprises and the need to update fixed assets, the introduction of innovative technologies requires the implementation of projects of transport enterprises on new approaches and a change of emphasis from mainly technical and financial and economic to communication and knowledge management. The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical foundations of communication and knowledge management in the projects of transport enterprises in accordance with the needs of the sustainable development of the transport industry in Ukraine. The management of communications and knowledge in projects of transport enterprises should be considered from the position of managerial activity, where the main focus is on achieving the final results of the project through established communications and information flows based on scientific, reliable and unbiased information and timeliness of information flows between various stakeholders. The adaptation of the requirements of ISO 21502 Project management to the activities of transport enterprises takes into account the peculiarities of the provision of transportation services, therefore the main customers and sponsors of projects are transport enterprises of various forms of ownership and specialization, the controlling bodies are the Ministry of Community Development, Territories and Infrastructure of Ukraine, State Aviation Service of Ukraine, State Special Service of Transport, Administration of Sea Ports of Ukraine, State Service of Sea and Inland Water Transport and Shipping of Ukraine and other executive authorities. The synergy of communication management and knowledge management is recommended to be implemented through the inclusion of knowledge in the general information flows of transport enterprise projects, to which different groups of project participants will have access.

ВЛИЯНИЕ КЛЮЧЕВЫХ ВНЕШНИХ И ВНУТРЕННИХ ФАКТОРОВ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ НА ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ МЕЖДУ ЦИФРОВОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЕЙ И ИХ ИННОВАЦИОННЫМ ПОТЕНЦИАЛОМ

The article examines the impact of digital transformation on the innovative potential of enterprises, taking into account differences in the form of ownership, size of the enterprise, industry characteristics, level of industrial concentration and other determining factors. Recommendations for managing the digital transformation of an enterprise are proposed.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОБУЧЕНИЯ РАБОТНИКОВ ОХРАНЕ ТРУДА В УСЛОВИЯХ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

The object of the study is procedures and technologies for training in labor protection and occupational safety. The purpose of the study is to identify features affecting the procedures and technologies of labor protection and occupational safety training caused by changes in national labor legislation and regulations. The methods of the paper are comparative analysis of changes and features of the national legislative and regulatory framework, scientific literature, publications, and Internet sources. The research results are the development of proposals and recommendations for further improvement of organizational and management processes, and optimization of educational procedures in accordance with current legislative, regulatory, and local acts using organizational and management technologies that ensure high-quality training and testing of knowledge of employees. The scope of application of the research results: the materials contained in the study can be used by organizations of various types of economic activity and forms of ownership, training organizations of additional professional education to organize, conduct training, and test the knowledge of employees.

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AND ITS ROLE IN SOLVING SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS: ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL EXPERIENCE

The economic reforms implemented in our country over the last two decades, along with changes in the structure of modern economic relations, have significantly altered the role of the state in these relations. Currently, there is a requirement for a contemporary economic con­ceptual system or approach that can precisely define the role, functions, and methods of the state in the economic processes created by various forms of ownership. The introduction of the public-private partnership model is one direction of these relations. The article analyses the public-private partnership model and its global application. The purpose of the research is to investigate the scientific and methodological founda-tions of the public-private partnership model and conduct a statistical analysis of its global ap-plication. The methodology of the research - analysis and synthesis, statistical, comparative, quantitative analysis. The practical importance of the research - the public-private partnership model and its international application are analysed to determine the economic spheres in Azerbaijan where this model can be effectively applied. The results of the research - definition of the essence of the public-private partnership model and a comparative analysis of its global application. The originality and scientific novelty of the research - systematically presented mathe­matical and statistical analysis of the world experience in the application of the model of public-private partnership based on the analysis of research papers, originality and scientific novelty of the research are reflected in numerous sources.

Does ownership structure affect the evaluation of going concerns in Jordan? A dynamic panel data study

The purpose of this investigation was to establish the connection between ownership arrangement and valuation of the ability of a business to carry on. The investigation's goal is to clarify how various ownership forms affect how to assess a company's ability to remain in business. The listed firms at ASE throughout the year 2016–2022, according to this study of 65 covers the years 2016–2022, a dynamic panel system GMM estimation, had demonstrated a substantial degree of ownership structure in line with higher going concern awareness and implementation in Jordan. This study indicated that family ownership, foreign ownership, and block holder ownership were particularly important in affecting Jordan's going concern. This study explores the complex relationship between ownership forms and a company's ability to continue operating. In light of our findings, it is crucial for both practitioners and policymakers to adopt a thoughtful and nuanced approach when assessing the continued viability of businesses. This involves considering the unique ownership structures and governance mechanisms of each company.

РОЗВИТОК ІНСТИТУТІВ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ У КОНТЕКСТІ СТРУКТУРИЗАЦІЇ І МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article defines the role of railway transport as a component of the transport complex of Ukraine. It is shown that the railway industry of Ukraine, as a natural monopoly, was formed on the basis of a centralized and concentrated form of state ownership in the bowels of the administrative and command system of the Soviet Union. Emphasis is placed on the problems associated with the existence of natural monopolies inherent in railway transportation. The signs of a natural monopoly on railway transport of Ukraine are systematized: the network nature of the organization of infrastructure and the provision of transport services; the presence of barriers for new business entities to enter the rail transportation market; the need for significant investments to create an alternative transport business; low investment attractiveness for private capital due to a long payback period; low elastic demand from consumers for transport services. Emphasis is placed on the problems associated with the existence of natural monopolies inherent in railway transportation. An analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, threats and development opportunities of railway transport enterprises was carried out. Measures have been developed to demonopolize railway transport of Ukraine through a justified division of the spheres of its operation into three groups: first, naturally monopolistic; secondly, areas where competition is potentially possible; third, areas where competition is natural. The conceptual principles of carrying out organizational, financial and information restructuring in railway transport based on the integration of the functional-object system and the vertical model, tariff differentiation, the spread of two-rate tariffs, the elimination of cross-subsidization, the creation of new market segments, the expansion of the spectrum of transport and related services are substantiated. The priority areas of restructuring in railway transport in the conditions of martial law and post-war reconstruction are proposed, including within the framework of the concept of socially responsible restructuring.

Women ownership as a form of leadership: The role of context in understanding its effects on financial performance

Researchers have acknowledged that women leadership plays an important role in the success of organizations. However, the effects of women leadership on the financial performance of firms are mixed results. This article focuses on women ownership (i.e., critical mass and ownership percentage) as a form of leadership and family ownership as two boundary conditions that help us understand when small and medium enterprises (SMEs) benefit from women leadership. We argue that for women leadership to impact the financial performance of SMEs, women need to have a critical mass to influence outcomes and have power through ownership to influence decisions. We also argue that the effects of these relationships are affected by the context of ownership. These ideas are tested with a sample of 10,696 private SMEs from the country of Colombia. Results indicate that the women leadership enhances SME financial performance through both critical mass and a larger percentage of women ownership. However, family ownership negatively moderates the relationship between percentage of women ownership and SME financial performance. Implications of these results are discussed. JEL CLASSIFICATION: D22; L25

Digital twin of livestock production in unified digital platform of Russian agriculture management

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the conditions for the formation of digital twins of animal husbandry, to develop mechanisms for their integration into a single digital platform for agricultural management, and to assess the consequences of such integration. Against the background of the haphazard nature of the introduction of digital technologies in Russia, which often do not provide the expected economic benefits, the paper considers effective mechanisms for the formation of a single digital twin of animal husbandry, providing fundamentally new opportunities for digital transformation: The emergence of an effective digital tool for traceability of all types of products of the industry, in demand due to the increased attention to health and ecology in the world; integration of data in the form of digital standards from different farms into a common global oblast; integration of data in the form of digital standards from different farms into a single digital platform for the management of livestock farming. The novelty of the work lies in the originality of the scientific approach to the formation of a single digital twin of livestock production in the form of joint ownership of it by all industry enterprises, from large to small, because the realization of such a twin leads to a multiple reduction in the cost of it.