Forms Of Oppression Research Articles

Building Nationalities within Christians Virtues

Background. Reflecting Pancasila in research world not necessarily discussing Indonesian citizenship as a civil society, these discourses widened to theological settings, particularly scriptural texts that are often used as sermons in pulpits. Indonesian ideological issues encountering Christianity have flowed and led to the entanglement of structural issues. Purpose. The aim of research was to explore the threads of nationalism in Pancasila, specifically crossing over with Christian values. Method. Based on qualitative research, researchers searched data through previous writings relevant to Pancasila, education, scriptural texts and their history. Results. Results showed that Christianity has brought goodness news not just limited to Christians, but also brought light for the world as reflections of socialist human beings. It must be understood that Indonesian nationalism is nationalism that rejects all forms of discrimination, oppression, injustice, and denial of divine values, as contained in Pancasila. Conclusion. Citizens have four main roles in the nation and state, namely as iron stock, social by control, agent of change, and also moral force. Those four main roles in running the life of the state are certainly not at all contradictory to Christianity. By performing these four roles, Christians show the quality of their Christian faith by becoming good citizens.

Rethinking comorbidity: A case study of syndemic risk, eating disorders, and suicidal behaviors in adolescent girls of color

Decades of research have established a significant association between people struggling with an eating disorder and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Despite a robust literature indicating a link between these two mental health conditions, few studies have explored how differential risk factors interact over time to produce this comorbidity. Using the lens of syndemic risk, this study applied a critical case study design to identify the social and contextual conditions that give rise to the circumstances in which eating disorders and suicidal behaviors cluster together. Specifically, we draw on life history and clinical ethnographic interviews with an adolescent and her mother to illustrate the intersections between psychosocial and structural processes. Through our analysis, we develop a model for syndemic risk that foregrounds poverty, racism, heterosexism, and gender oppression as critical to the production of mental health comorbidities. As we delineate in our findings, multiple forms of oppression led to a higher risk of exposure to stressful and traumatic experiences, including physical maltreatment, emotional abuse and neglect, sexual coercion, and peer victimization. These events contributed to the emergence of psychological and social vulnerabilities associated with heightened eating disorder and suicide risk. Ultimately, our qualitative study contributes to understanding how syndemic risk factors interact and mutually reinforce one another over time to shape comorbid psychopathology. In doing so, our findings shift understandings of mental illness as emerging from individual vulnerabilities to a conception of mental health that is framed within a multidimensional perspective.

Community resilience building in disadvantaged neighbourhoods (DN): action learning and political work

ABSTRACT Old, often neglected downtown neighborhoods are usually the salt of the city, the center of its original culture, and the area of an authentic community anchored in traditional values as: an ethos of work, loyalty, multi-generational family, independence. In the process of city regeneration, instead of making urban space more attractive, such neighborhoods are treated as an obstacle and therefore subjected to various forms of oppression (spatial, political, discursive). On the basis of those negative diagnoses, a project of participatory action and learning has been constructed, the goal of which is individual and structural empowerment of disadvantaged neighborhoods (communities) as well as action learning opportunities for social work/social pedagogy students. The locality development makes communities more effective in resisting the oppression of large municipal investments. The plan assumed a joint action (academics, practitioners, students, city officers, inhabitants) of rebuilding the historical and social pride of the communities and then including them as active and important elements of the city also in terms of the labor market and political power. Other important goals were a participatory model of social work education (field-based research learning) and an increase in social recognition of disadvantaged neighborhoods (political result).

Unveiling systemic oppression in business education: Freire’s contribution to our quest for social change

Management scholarship faces a challenge in maintaining relevance, as it struggles to influence and shape practices that address pressing societal problems such as social inequalities and environmental degradation. While critical management education has surfaced as a promising avenue for reshaping management practices, it has yet to realize its potential. This article aims to address this relevance crisis by examining the limits of critical management education, particularly through the lens of Freire’s contributions. By recognizing coloniality as a crucial institutional constraint that underlies various forms of oppression, we gain insights into the barriers hindering our relevance. Overseeing this constraint is troubling within business schools, often viewed as colonial endeavors. Consequently, these insights shed light on our circumstances and limitations in producing social change. In response, we suggest reframing critical management education as a form of critical performativity informed by Freire’s insights. In this light, knowledge serves as a catalyst for change, empowered by its relational, responsible, and provocative validity. By embracing Freire’s principles of thematic investigation, thematization, and problematization, we provide a comprehensive framework for understanding and addressing academic oppressions as a fundamental step in the quest for social change, offering valuable insights for future research and interventions in critical management education and beyond.

Testimony of Oppression and the Limits of Empathy

Testimony of oppression is testimony that something constitutes or contributes to a form of oppression, such as, for example, “The stranger’s comment was sexist.” Testimony of oppression that is given by members of the relevant oppressed group has the potential to play an important role in fostering a shared understanding of oppression. Yet, it is frequently dismissed out of hand. Against the background of a recent debate on moral testimony, this paper discusses the following question: How should privileged hearers approach testimony of oppression if they aim to do so in an ethically and epistemically sound way? Should they defer or try to understand? Both strategies constitute ways of learning from testimony of oppression. However, they differ in important respects and exclude each other. Because testimony of oppression is often based on personal experience, empathizing with the speaker can play an important role in trying to understand testimony of oppression. While the fact that empathy can change your mind and the advantages of understanding over knowledge support trying to understand as the right approach to testimony of oppression, considerations of the “limits of empathy” and the value of deference support deferring. I argue that, on balance, these contrasting arguments allow for a limited defense of the role of empathy in learning from testimony of oppression. We should try to understand testimony of oppression by empathizing with the speaker, but not treat our ability to understand as a condition on accepting a speaker’s claim.

WRITING AND INTERSECTIONALITY IN THE SHORT STORIES OLHOS D’ÁGUA AND KISS IN THE FACE OF CONCEIÇÃO EVARISTO

Data from the Brazilian Public Security Forum (FBSP), in the year 2022, indicate that on average 04 women are victims of femicide daily. Female domestic workers number a total of 5.2 million, 65% of whom are black. Considering these data, this work aims to analyze the alarming continuity of forms of oppression against these women, based on qualitative research, from the perspective of literature and the concepts of writing and intersectionality, in the short stories Olhos d'água and Beijo na face , by Conceição Evaristo, highlighting issues of race, gender and class. Theoretical discussions are supported by Angela Davis (2016), Conceição Evaristo (2016), Patricia Hill Collins and Sirma Bilge (2021). From the analysis of the stories, it is possible to affirm the existence of a perpetuation of class, gender and racial inequalities and violence, in an intersectional way, as well as realizing how much writing in literature has been a form of denunciation and resistance in women's daily lives. black.

Healing from Intersectional White Supremacy Culture and Ableism:

In this exploratory article, we build on the existing literature to identify and discuss the patterns of white supremacy culture (WSC) that are pervasive in our organizational spaces. We argue that because WSC, racism, and ableism are deeply intersectional forms of oppression, our social equity approaches must include a disability justice (DJ) lens, which centers the leadership of multiply marginalized disabled, queer, trans*, Black, Indigenous, and negatively racialized People of Color (QTBIPOC). Using an embodied approach, we invite our readers into a deeper reflection and critical analysis of the intersectional manifestations of white supremacy culture and ableism in organizational spaces. We explore the ways in which the 10 principles of disability justice could serve in creating supportive countercultural norms, values, and behavioral practices needed to create the conditions for healing from white supremacy culture.

Valongo, the Place of the Ancestors: Spiritual Practices among Enslaved Africans in Nineteenth-century Rio de Janeiro

ABSTRACT In 2017, UNESCO added Valongo Wharf to its list of World Heritage Sites. Located in Rio de Janeiro’s Port Zone, the wharf is a place of memory associated with the transatlantic slave trade, which has been compared to other sites that have witnessed intense human suffering, such as Auschwitz, Hiroshima and Gorée Island, among others. This chapter explores the spiritual practices of the “wretched of the Earth,” as Frantz Fanon named those Africans dehumanized by European colonialism. More specifically, it focuses on the Africans shipped to Valongo to be sold as slaves in Rio de Janeiro and who left vestiges of their spiritual beliefs, recovered through archaeological research. Here, these remains are analyzed from a decolonial perspective, born from the reflections of critical Latin American thinkers who reject the diverse forms of domination and oppression inflicted by Northern hemisphere powers on subaltern populations of the global South.

Социальное благополучие как критерий развития наций (к вопросу о методологии оценивания)

Human well-being as a criterion of progress is usually measured by indices of standard of living, quality of life, and human development. These indices are based on methodological individualism and consider human development as an increase in individuals’ prosperity, comfort, freedom, and self-realization. While comparing countries or regions, the object of consideration are aggregated individuals, rather than nations, peoples and territorial communities within which the species Homo sapiens exists. Due to their conceptual scope, the accepted indices do not see an obvious paradox: the maximization of what is considered well-being – standard of living and personal selfexpression – exacerbates the anthropological crisis, namely the destruction of sociality in all historically established forms, the rapid destruction of a family institution and refusal of human individuals to continue the human race. The authors of the article propose a new index to measure human well-being, which is a social production of life and a social order that reduces human suffering. The viability of human community requires population reproduction which is the first condition for social development. But society is not identical to the population, and social well-being presupposes the reproduction of an institutional balance between communal and personal principles. The key to social and population reproduction is the preservation of family as the basic structure of society. Reducing human suffering means minimizing threats to human life and eliminating extreme forms of social oppression. The minimization of threats to human life and safety of social environment are verified by reduction in mortality from external causes and an increase in average life expectancy. To avoid the extremes of social oppression, it is necessary to eliminate poverty and ensure universal education for children. Thus, social well-being, which is being understood and achieved, is a necessary basis for the sustainable development of nations.

Decolonising as rehumanising: Some community lessons

By interrogating the concept of “decolonisation” and its nuanced applications in museology, the article revisits some community lessons to propose a new framework for decolonising as rehumanising. A brief sociohistorical reflection places this debate within the historiography of the New Museology movement. The article introduces a critique of New Museology as a conceptual and practical movement that does not break from coloniality and the various forms of colonial oppression perpetuated by global capitalism, notably in neoliberal nations. I will focus on the redistribution of authority and agency in the museum sector and on the limits faced by communities engaged in participatory projects in larger institutions. Finally, the article comments on four grounding lessons that can be learned from social groups practicing museology in the margins of the capitalist world. Facing complex dynamics of social inclusion and exclusion within the established museum sector, communities making museums in their own terms are tackling the limits of decolonisation, reclaiming their own liberation in the present world as a path to rehumanisation.

Muslim Theologies and the Struggle for Abolition

Abstract: Believers Bail Out is a Muslim abolitionist collective that bails Muslims out of pretrial and immigration incarceration and uses the issue of money bail to educate and mobilize Muslim communities to join the struggle for abolition of the prison industrial complex. By articulating this struggle as a form of jihad , this essay reclaims the Islamic word-concept for liberation from all forms of policing and oppression.

Denaturalizzare il sesso. Nicole-Claude Mathieu e l’analisi antropologica delle classi di sesso

This essay presents some of the main contributions of Nicole-Claude Mathieu’s work to anthropology and feminist theory. The first section is devoted to framing Mathieu’s production within French materialist feminism. The ethnologist repeatedly recalls how the forms of oppression experienced by women as a minority group in social relations of sex and the struggles that ensue underlie the epistemological transformations that invest disciplinary knowledge from a feminist perspective. Next, the article addresses the three different ways of conceptualising the relationship between sex and gender and the introduction of the category of social sex to denaturalize sex, understood as a political category. Its analysis is thus compared with some of the contributions of decolonial feminism regarding the category of gender. Just as in her study of the category of sex, we also find in the analysis of androcentrism in anthropology her ability to question the dominant frameworks of ethnological thought. In particular, Mathieu delves into the relationship between androcentrism, ethnocentrism, and naturalism to understand not only how they operate distortions in the production of ethnographic and ethnological knowledge, but also how they define the framework within which to define the relationship between Western “us” and non-Western “others” in reference to social relations of sex.

Habermas and the mutations of the public sphere

In this article, I argue that concern with the public sphere and the necessary conditions for a genuine democracy can be seen as a central theme of Jurgen Habermas's work that deserves respect and critical scrutiny in the contemporary moment, when throughout the world liberal democracies are in crisis. My study intends to point to the continuing importance of Habermas' problematic of the public sphere and its relevance for debates over democratic politics and social and cultural life in the present age, in an era in which the Occupy Movements, Black Lives Matter, #MeToo, the Trump Resistance Movement, and Ukraine and Palestine Solidarity groups use social media to struggle against multiple forms of oppression. At stake is delineating a concept of the public sphere which facilitates maximum public participation and debate over the key issues of the contemporary era and which consequently promotes the cause of radical democracy and social transformation.

The Platformization of Violence: Toward a Concept of Discursive Toxicity on Social Media

Discourse has long been recognized as a source of symbolic violence, perpetuating power relations and reinforcing existing social hierarchies. With the rise of social media platforms, the influence of discourse on society has gained renewed attention. These platforms, while enabling social interactions, also serve as catalysts for violent behaviors, reinforcing and legitimizing forms of oppression and symbolic violence, particularly the violence of language. While the concept of toxicity is frequently used to describe this phenomenon, its meaning and connection to language often remain unexplored. This article aims to address this gap by examining the significance of toxicity in discourse and how the infrastructure of social media platforms facilitates the emergence of toxic discourses. It argues that while toxicity and violence are related, they are distinct phenomena. Toxicity, as a dimension of symbolic violence, contaminates debates and discourses, and is enabled by the characteristics of platformization in online interactions. Thus, toxicity is an effect of platforms mediating social interactions.

Feminist Transformation: Result of the Waves of Feminist Movement

This article is about feminist transformation. The main objective is to draw the connection of feminist transformation to waves and types of feminism. Document analysis has conducted under qualitative research design for drawing conclusion. The main intention of feminist transformation is to eradicate various forms of oppression and injustice that exist on the basis of gender difference. The right to vote and property ownership, legal and social rights and the use of social media for ending oppression were the achievement of the waves and these achievements were for feminist transformation. On the other hand, all feminism types have the same motive to end oppression on the basis of gender which makes feminist transformation easier. It is concluded that there is the means-end relationship between waves and types of feminism to feminist transformation. The saying and doing of people and authority must be same for true feminist transformation.

Erroneous Portrayal of Black National Question in Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man

This article examines the several contradictory aspects of American society that the unnamed black protagonist of Ralph Ellison's novel Invisible Man encounters and that cause him to descend into absurdity. The study has relevance to identify and deal with the different contradictory aspects of American society. The article addresses on the research problems concerning to the protagonist's sufferings and his inability to identify the causes of his sufferings. The study deals with the research problems by applying the research approach (methodology) of historical materialism. In a class-based society, the protagonist, who is of black nationality, is a member of the working class. He is suppressed not only by white people but even by wealthy black people. He receives assistance not only from black people but also from lower-class white people. But he lacks the ability to identify friends from enemies. He wants to free himself and the entire black nationality from all forms of oppression, injustice, and inequality because he is a member of the black race. As a result, he joins the Brotherhood (the communist party), but he quickly leaves because he does not understand its tenets. He declines to join the Black Nationalist party and is unable to identify any alternative organizations that could help end the persecution of black people on a national level. Finally, he loses all hope, starts to perceive disorder around, and makes the decision to leave society. However, while living apart from society, he still sees ways to benefit it, which is an absurdist notion itself. The study reveals that the protagonist's queer theory of absurdism, which he develops at the novel's conclusion, does nothing to further the cause of repressed Afro-Americans; rather, it only serves to fuel their frustration and pessimism.

The Construction of Orientalism in Doris Lessing's The Grass is Singing

This article studies the construction of Orientalism in the novel The Grass is Singing by Doris Lessing. Doris Lessing is a British writer born in Persia who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2007. As a white writer, Lessing is known as a writer who fights for the rights of the black community. Still, in this novel, she sharpens the negative image of the blacks as described in the theory of Orientalism. Orientalism focuses on the West’s view of the East. In the novel, Orientalism was carried out by The West against The East, represented by Mary Turner as white people and Moses as the black. This study aims to dismantle the Orientalist discourse in the novel. The study applied the theory of Orientalism proposed by Edward Said (1979). The Orientalist discourse in The Grass is Singing is constructed in the form of stereotypes and oppression against the black people in Southern Rhodesia. Racism, colonialism, and the politics of Apartheid done by white people in the novel showcase the white superiority toward the inferior black.

_EVEN MORE_ COMPLICATED: THE NETWORKED LIVES OF TEENAGERS IN A CONTEXT OF EXCLUSION IN BRAZIL

This paper stems from a chapter of my Doctoral dissertation. It borrows from the work of boyd (2014) on the experiences of teenagers in social media. In this paper I will present the different usages of the internet and social media by teenagers that live in a context of exclusion. I will focus on teenagers that are placed in care institutions in Brazil, and their struggle with everyday forms of stigma and oppression. To live in a care institution, a.k.a shelters, is a unique experience that is the consequence of rights violations against children and teenagers (Brazilian Statute of the Child and of the Adolescent, 1990). The placement in a shelter is an extreme measure that remove children from their families and communities. To legitimate the state intervention and highlighting the exceptionality and temporality of that measure, the law prioritises family and community conviviality. This is not the case for most of teenagers, as it is unlikely they will be adopted or return, and they will spent most of their teen years there. I will present the narratives of institution and especially teenagers, with which I highlight the link between their experiences of exclusion, the formation of identity and their digital personas. For such, I will use the concept of reflexive identity (Giddens, 1991) and the script approach (Akrich, 1992) to portray how their actions show some kind accomodation and appropriation of the affordances of social media to seek stability in a context of high uncertainty.

The Marital Rape Phenomenon as A Form of Gender Oppression: An Analysis of the Urgency of Sexual Consent Mubādalah's Perspective

<p class="abstrak">Many women continue to face cases of sexual abuse in biological relationships between husband and wife, sometimes known as marital rape. This phenomenon is often considered taboo to be discussed, conveyed, and addressed. So in turn, the phenomenon of marital rape becomes a problem that cannot be resolved immediately. In particular, the main question in this research is how Islamic law views the phenomenon of marital rape in husband-and-wife relations and whether the urgency of sexual consent from the mubadalah perspective is a step to prevent marital rape. This research is included in the category of library research with a qualitative approach, data collection techniques with documentation types, data processing techniques with descriptive-analytic methods, and an analytical framework with mubādalah theory. The results of this study show that the act of marital rape due to unequal sexual relations between husband and wife is part of an act of violence, both physically and psychologically. Islam prohibits sexual intercourse through coercion and violence. Husband-wife relationships in any condition must have an element of pleasure from each party, meaning that there should be no coercion from both. Thus, sexual consent education needs to be pursued to become a preventive spirit and safe behaviour for instilling a foundation of mutual respect between individuals. This is expected to pave the way for married couples to enjoy a healthy and happy relationship for both parties.</p><p><em>masih banyak dialami oleh perempuan. Fenomena ini sering dianggap tabu untuk dibicarakan, disampaikan dan disikapi. Sehingga pada gilirannya fenomena marital rape menjadi permasalahan yang tidak segera ditanggulangi. Secara spesifik, pertanyaan utama dalam penelitian ini ialah bagaimana hukum Islam memandang fenomena marital rape dalam hubungan suami istri dan bagaimana urgensi sexual consent perspektif mubadalah sebagai upaya preventif terjadinya martial rape. Kajian ini termasuk pada kategori penelitian kepustakaan dengan pendekatan kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan data jenis dokumentasi, teknik pengolahan data dengan metode deskriptif-analisis, dan kerangka analisa dengan teori mubādalah. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa tindakan marital rape akibat hubungan seksual yang tidak seimbang antara suami istri merupakan bagian dari tindakan kekerasan, baik secara fisik maupun psikis. Islam melarang hubungan seksual dengan paksaan dan kekerasan. Hubungan suami istri dalam kondisi apapun harus ada unsur kesenangan dari masing-masing pihak, artinya tidak boleh ada unsur paksaan dari keduanya. Dengan demikian, pendidikan sexual consent perlu diupayakan guna menjadi semangat preventif dan safe behaviour dalam menanamkan landasan saling menghargai antar individu. Hal ini diharapkan mampu membuka jalan untuk pasangan suami istri agar dapat menikmati hubungan yang sehat dan membahagiakan bagi kedua belah pihak.</em></p>

DECENTRING WESTERN FEMINISM AND MANLY NATIONALISM

Gender based segregations either in public and private spheres have been recurrent problem for women in Western world, however the cases of women in the “Third World” highlight the ways in which race and gender intersect, exemplifying a double form of oppression. This intersection also functions between colonialism (external) and local patriarchy (internal) mechanisms that control women as in the case of Algerian women. This article considers the ways in which Algerian women reformulated the ways of decolonising Western feminism and nationalism in the Algerian Revolution (1954-1962). As such, this paper looks at the distinct perspective, created by Algerian women with an emphasis on their implicit contribution to Western feminist scholarship. By veiling and unveiling interchangeably for national liberation movement against France, Algerian women deviate from the very definitions of Western feminism and challenges patriarchal notions of nationalism. The strategic albeit voluntary act of unveiling earns them a space that is self-representative. This space also represents the backbone of national liberation movement where colonial gaze on women, and control on men in Algeria were contested. The paper concludes that Algerian women can successfully cross national and colonial borders, and hence create a space that is beyond the definitions of Western feminist scholarship, and beyond the demands of colonial authority. The theoretical background of this paper is mainly based on the ideas proposed by Chandra Mohanty, Frantz Fanon, Edward Said and Gayatri Spivak to explore insights from transnational feminism and postcolonial theory regarding gender and nationalism.