Formal Norms Research Articles

Цифровое оружие совершения преступлений XXI века: предмет, средство, орудие

The article is devoted to the definition of a new subject of crime - digital weapons, the analysis of the degree and nature of the public danger of acts committed with its use. The phenomenon of digital means, tools, objects of crimes that arose as a result of the penetration of information and telecommunication technologies into everyday life is investigated. An attempt was made to formulate new categories that define inaccurate behavior on the Internet and integrate them into the current legislation. The question is raised about considering digital weapons as a threat to the national security of the Russian Federation. The timeliness and social conditionality of the criminalization of the circulation of digital data used to commit crimes and the establishment of criminal liability for the commission of acts using digital weapons are substantiated, the main measures aimed at counteracting such crimes are proposed. The legal nature and basic principles of the functioning of information tools for committing crimes are investigated. The study considers arrays of inaccurate user accounts of information and telecommunication networks as an example of a digital weapon. The article raises the question of the need to criminalize certain digital technologies that form the tools of criminals in the digital environment. Taking into account the problems raised in the article, the authors formulated proposals for improving the current legislation in the form of a new norm of the special part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

ANALISIS PEMERIKSAAN KAPAL OLEH MARINE INSPECTOR PADA KSOP KELAS IV PROBOLINGGO

In determining the seaworthiness of the ship, ship inspection is very important to do. KSOP has a very important role in determining the seaworthiness of ships. This study aims to determine the role of marine inspectors in ship inspection at KSOP Class IV Probolinggo. The research used qualitative descriptive methods. Data collection was carried out by surveys and interviews. The results of this study show that the marine inspector has the role and task of preparing to discuss the formulation and implementation of policies, standards, norms, guidelines, criteria, and procedures as well as technical guidance, evaluation, certification, and reporting in the fields of ship design, measurement, construction and stability of ships, nautical, technical, and radio as well as equipment and equipment for ship safety and equipment as well as prevention of pollution from ships and management of ship safety and operation for ships indonesian flags that sail in Indonesian and international waters for all types of ships and all sizes. In the duties of inspection and measurement of ships carried out in the Legal Status and Certification of Ships section, carry out inspection tasks at the Port of Probolinggo. The results of the survey of the marine administration examination and physical examination were obtained that it took an average of 32.57 minutes.

Reason Versus Power: Genealogy, Critique, and Epistemic Injustice

Abstract In this paper, I take issue with the idea that Michel Foucault might be considered a theorist of epistemic injustice, and argue that his philosophical premises are incompatible with Miranda Fricker’s. Their main disagreement rests upon their divergent ways of conceiving the relationship between reason and power, giving rise to the contrasting forms of normativity that characterize their critical projects. This disagreement can be helpfully clarified by addressing the different use they make of the genealogical method. While Fricker’s genealogy of Testimonial Justice aims to ground her claim that reason and power can be neatly pulled apart, thus avoiding the reductionist and relativist conclusions entailed (in her view) by Foucault’s genealogies, I argue that Foucault’s mature, overlooked definition of genealogy is based on a sophisticated distinction between games and regimes of truth, and is thus not vulnerable to these criticisms. Consequently, Foucault’s genealogical inquiries prove helpful for understanding issues that normally fall under the umbrella of epistemic injustice in a new light, while also allowing us to avoid some of the main objections that threaten Fricker’s project.

GEOGRAPHICAL CONTEXT AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT PRESERVATION IN LOCAL CULTURE (A study on the Ritual of Penti in Manggarai, Flores NTT)

Indonesia has a great number of local cultures. Such local cultures exist along with the values, norms, and thought of the society. One of the local culture in question is Penti ceremony that is conducted anually by Manggaraian people in the west of Flores. This study was an attempt to reveal the the geographical context found in the ritual of penti ceremony. To gather the data, interview and observation were carried out and were analyzed in some stages namely data reduction, data display and verfication. The results have shown that the geographical context in the penti covers both natural spatial and social aspects. The natural spatial aspect is concerned with the selection of the locations where the the ritual of penti is carried out. The selected locations were regarded as media for communication and.were as reflections of interpersonal relations and the cosmological view of the Manggarain community towards nature. Meanwhile, the social aspect regulates the social relations of the community which is manifested in the form of norms, ethics, and prohibitions. As a conclusion, the geographical context in the ritual of penti is closely related to natural environment preservation and social life sustainbility.
 Keywords: penti; spatial and social geography

Kearifan Lokal dalam Kumpulan Puisi Banjar sebagai Media Pembelajaran pada Sekolah Menengah

Local wisdom is a system of values ​​and norms that are compiled, adhered to, understood, and applied by local communities based on their understanding and experience in interacting with the environment. Local wisdom is very important to be learnt because it functions as 1) conservation of natural resources, 2) human resource development 3) cultural development 4) development and science 5) ethics and morals, and so on. This research is focused on 1) the form of local wisdom found in Banjar poetry collection and 2) how to apply local wisdom in Banjar poetry collection as a medium of learning in secondary schools. The method of the research is descriptive analysis. The data sources of this research are 1) a collection of Banjar poetry and 2) teachers and students of Madrasah Aliyah Muhamadiyah 1 Banjarmasin. Data collection techniques used in this research are text observations, field observations, interviews and questionnaires. The results of the research are 1) the local wisdom found in Banjar poetry collection are in the form of beliefs, customary laws, and norms. It was found that local community’s belief of their ancestors in Meratus forest is still strong. The people believe that Meratus has its own “guard” called Panglima Burung, he is accompanied by traditional music called kuriding. The local community also believe in Panglima Angsa for their guidance in life, the people often ask for his wisdom. The local community's customary law found in Banjar poetry collection is the presence of ancestral sabers called mandau that are flown in when the community wants to cut tyranny for the loss of their homes in Meratus forest. The norm is in the form of an appeal to preserve nature which is called Bawanang. Bawanang is seen as an ancestor who is able to overcome all environmental damage by using supernatural powers. The community also believe that Bawanang is capable to drive away greedy people who damage the environment and 2) Learning local wisdom through Banjar poetry collection can be done by a) asking students to analyse the atmosphere, theme, and meanings of local wisdom found in Banjar poetry collection and b) asking students to demonstrate local wisdom found in Banjar poetry collection by applying the norms that exist in the poetry to their daily life activities as the norms are considered to be some messages from the ancestors to maintain preservation of nature.

The transformation of the lilong form: a morphological study on changing boundaries

The boundary, both as social norm and physical form, is an essential element in the development of the structure of urban form. This article explores the role of boundaries: (1) through the transformation of the lilong form in Shanghai by means of a case study of the Guizhou lilong block and (2) through the extension of the methodology of morphological study. In the urbanization of China, the lilong form tracks successive organizational shifts in society. Over one hundred years, the micro-scale changes of boundaries transformed the morphology of the Guizhou lilong block from a single-family residence to a mass housing block. Accordingly, the morphological study of the boundaries in Guizhou lilong block shows how its form was changed by changing regulations applied to it as well as its changing communities. This article uses two-dimensional drawings to investigate the change of boundaries over time extending the Conzen tradition and the understanding of how the social system defines the urban form. Consequently, this article makes an argument for understanding the effect on boundaries of both the conflict and the cooperation between the authorities and the inhabitants in a morphological study following the Conzen School.

On tracking arbitrary crack path with complex variable meshless methods

This study presents a numerical modelling framework based on complex variable meshless methods, which can accurately and efficiently track arbitrary crack paths in two-dimensional linear elastic solids. The key novelty of this work is that the proposed meshless modelling scheme enables a direct element-free approximation for the solutions of linear elastic fracture mechanics problems. The complex variable moving least-squares approximation with a group of simple complex polynomial basis is applied to implement this meshless model, with which the fracture problems with both stationary or progressive cracks are considered and studied. The effects of choosing different definitions of weighted complex variable error norm and different forms of complex polynomial basis on the computational accuracy of crack tip fields and crack paths prediction are analysed and discussed. Five benchmark numerical examples were studied to demonstrate the superiority of the present complex variable meshless framework over a standard element-free Galerkin method in tracking arbitrary crack paths in two-dimensional elastic solids.

Choosing Threat, Embodying the Viral

Choosing Threat, Embodying the Viral

UNDERSTANDING THE PHENOMENON OF RELIGION IN A CROSS-CULTURAL CONTEXT: FROM CICERO TO MODERN YOUTH

The article describes some aspects of the attitude of modern student youth of two Russian regions to the concepts behind the word “religio” (religion). The latter is understood in connotation with three normative forms for the history of the Russian community: 1) as a basic spiritual and moral concept that underlies the life of every individual, the state and the entire human community as a whole (Cicero’s «religio» paradigm); 2) philosophical and confessional legal norms of the 1000-year history of Christianity in Russia; 3) the phenomenology of humanism and religious tolerance in relation to the anthropological foundations of the individual and collective life of each member of the global community. The results of a survey of 235 students from Arkhangelsk and Vladimir on issues related to the modern attitude of young people to understanding the concept of religion are also reflected.

Breathing Divine Breath: on the Greco-Egyptian Sources of Hesychasm

The genesis of Hesychasm is still quite unresolved. In this article, the assumption that its origins lie in late Greco-Egyptian Antiquity, in the eastern Mediterranean, and that Yoga contributed to it, remain in the background. The normative form of Hesychasm, referred to here, is that described briefly by St. Gregory Palamas. In this article, two constituents, presented by him as essential, are investigated for their likely roots in the Greco-Egyptian syncretism of Antiquity. It emerges, that meditative ‘breathing’ – which Palamas connects to the drawing inward of the mind and awareness of the meditator – also serves as a ‘vehicle’ for drawing in the divine spirit, and the power of God, into the centre of a person, the ‘heart’ – that comprises the body, the soul, and the mind. This latter is important in testimonies of GrecoEgyptian syncretism, especially the Magic Papyry. ‘Magic’ is framed here religiously. This indicates that it is believed to be effective and theologically legitimate. The inclusion of Biblical elements in these texts suggest, that boundaries to Judaism and later to Christianity, were fluid. Therefore, the concepts and practices presented here, are to be regarded as important to a profound understanding of Hesychasm. Palamas’ instruction, ‘to send the spirit (nou=j) inwardly by means of breathing, should therefore not be understood as limited to the persons mind and consciousness, but also, as signifying the divine spirit (nou=j), with its power, inwardly, and thus, to participate in it, for divinisation and for acting by this power.

Seabirds in the city: Urban futures and fraught coexistence

AbstractAt a time when seabird populations have experienced steep declines and the movement of diverse species into cities has become a globally important issue, the paper examines the contested presence of an urban seabird colony in North East England. Drawing on ethnographic research, the paper details how avian claims to space have prompted fraught debates on coexistence, urban planning, and socio‐environmental futures that reveal an inherently ambivalent politics. While normally a coastal breeding bird, the paper argues that the Tyne kittiwakes – and their use of window ledges, drain‐pipes, streetlights, rooftops and road infrastructure – have become a familiar part of the region's urban life. However, while their presence has reworked understandings of public space, urban belonging, and oceanic boundaries, urban regimes of control and normative notions of the city continue to inhibit a more expansive urban politics capable of accommodating difference and responding to environmental change. Through attention to practices of deterrence, shifting forms of urban decision‐making, and the emergence of the kittiwake as a regional icon, the paper documents the conditions that limit coexistence despite a change in attitudes towards the colony and environmental futures more broadly. In this context, the paper raises fundamental questions about how to support coexistence amid ambivalence without resorting to normative forms of species valorisation. Attending to ambivalence and the difficulty of creating and sustaining ethical modes of coexistence, the paper reflects on the implications of the research for urban futures, local geographies of the sea, and the multispecies city.

A Canonical Analysis of Canon 273 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law

All clergy have the special canonical obligation to show reverence and obedience to their ordinary and the pope. They bind themselves to this promise freely and publicly during their diaconal or priestly ordination. The ecclesiastical legislator gave the liturgical ceremony a normative form in can. 273 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law. In this paper, the author presents the sources of the canon in question, presents a canonical analysis, places it into canonical context, and defines individual terms according to how the ecclesiastical legislator understood them.

Dormitory Distinction and Integration of ‎Islamic Education Basic Values in “Kampung ‎Inggris” Pare

Various language course institutions in Indonesia are more focused on business oriented and ignore cultural values. Unlike the language institutions in Pare, Kediri, the dichotomy of material and moral values ​​is actually dissolved in local language institutions. The focus of this research was to portray the existence of reduction of Islamic value in the course institutions in Kampung Inggris (English Village), Pare, Kediri. Especially, additional activities carried out in the dormitory of the courses by assimilating lokal of Nahdlatul Ulama (an Islamic organization in Indonesia) traditions with the needs of language institutions. This research was conducted in the form of qualitative research by conducting observations and interviews. Interviews were conducted in the form of deep interviews to obtain broader and deeper data. Data collection was also carried out by involving the researcher directly and actively as an outsider in activities carried out by local communities assimilating to the agenda of the lokal course institutions. The result is that lokal culture in the form of values ​​and norms contributes to its own uniqueness in Kampung Inggris that are not found in other course institutions of other regions. These activities are accepted and applied in lokal course institutions with agendas such as tahlilan (ritual of salvation), islamic congregational prayer, diba'an ( prayer to God and Prophet) and so on.

Representation of integers by norm forms. II.

Representation of integers by norm forms. II.

Effective estimates for the interger solutions of norm form and discriminant form equations

Effective estimates for the interger solutions of norm form and discriminant form equations

DIGITAL-BASED AND SUSTAINABLE TOURISM VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING IN PAPA GARANG VILLAGE, LABUAN BAJO

Indonesia as a maritime axis, of course, will not be separated from maritime culture and technology. The maritime axis is a development paradigm needed by maritime-based regions such as Labuan Bajo. Maritime culture should be the original culture of Indonesia, because Indonesia is an archipelagic country. However, the development of tourist villages located on the coast requires a special planning program that is in accordance with the characteristics of the community, geography, and socio-culture so that tourism development is sustainable. This study aims to create a digital-based and sustainable independent tourism village development program. The concept used is sustainable tourism, marine tourism village and through community development to build human capital . The creation of human resource capacity, in this case local communities, who do understand these maritime attitudes and values. By combining the concept of maritime culture and the concept of community development. The results of research for the development of marine tourism villages require an approach with aspects of digitalization technology that can be used as an information center containing the results of internalizing maritime culture with local wisdom and infrastructure facilities to accelerate economic growth. Digitization is used for the community, one of which is fishermen, business actors in the tourism sector and small and medium businesses through digital platforms, so that they can create an information data network in the form of big data as a means ofeconomic digitization infrastructure, and human capital development through human resource development and digital literacy. Products in the form of physical, consisting of arts, culinary arts, building arts (Architecture) and non-physical in the form of norms and values that are in accordance with maritime culture, which then becomes an information attraction both from the tourism element and the implementation of maritime culture which has economic value. for the development of sustainable marine tourism villages. Keywords : Tourism Village, Digitalization, sustainable tourism, marine tourism village

MEMBANGUN KELEMBAGAAN PENYEDIAAN INFORMASI PUBLIK DESA DALAM RANGKA MENJAMIN PENUHAN HAK KONSTITUSIONAL MASYARAKAT DESA Di KABUPATEN SERANG

The discussion of public information disclosure in the village in the midst of a paradigm shift from goverment to governance is very interesting indeed. This places the strategic position of the village community not only as an object of service and development but also as a subject of development in the village. Various facts show that the village has not become a major concern in the development of information disclosure. This research is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The required information is collected using narrative interviews, observation and literature study. Informants from the study were determined purposively using snowball sampling. In this article, the four levels of the Williamson model are used to analyze it. The results show that the development of public information institutions in the village in Serang Regency at the macro and micro levels has not supported the realization of information disclosure in the village. It can be seen at level one that various informal rules in the form of traditions, norms and habits that live in rural communities are not yet compatible in supporting the formal rules of information disclosure. At the second level, there has not been any recognition and awareness of either the public or public organizations to fulfill the public's rights regarding the disclosure of public information. At the third level, the institutional governance of public information disclosure has not been developed effectively to be able to minimize transaction costs. At the fourth level, the systematization of rules related to authority, organization, administration, human resources, finance, hierarchical relations, supervision, as well as work procedures and mechanisms need attention.

Online Education Satisfaction Assessment Based on Machine Learning Model in Wireless Network Environment.

With the development of wireless network technology, the transformation of educational concepts, the upgrading of users' educational needs, and the transformation of lifestyles, online education has made great strides forward. However, due to the rapid growth of online education in my country, many regulatory systems have not kept pace with the development of online education, resulting in low user experience and satisfaction with online education. The establishment of a user satisfaction model is beneficial for attracting attention and thinking about research in the field of online education service quality, assisting enterprises in recognizing the specific impact of various factors in services, accelerating service quality improvement, and assisting in the formulation of industry norms and improving enterprise competitiveness, all of which help students acquire knowledge more easily. In the era of big data, traditional satisfaction evaluation methods have many drawbacks, so more and more machine learning methods are applied to satisfaction evaluation models. This paper takes the research of machine learning algorithm as the core to carry out the research work, uses the cost-sensitive idea to improve the decision tree, considers the cost of different types of classification errors, and uses the random forest principle to integrate the generated decision tree, thereby improving the accuracy of the model. The model has better stability, and the validity of the model is verified by experiments. For a follow-up in-depth investigation of online education satisfaction rating technology, the linked work of this paper has certain reference and reference value.

If I were a teacher…: Concepts of People on the Autism Spectrum About the Education System

Assumptions: This article is part of a wider study on adults with autism. The main assumption of the series of studies is concerned with listening to and hearing the voices of those most affected – those with a diagnosis of autism. The material, which is based on the experiences of people with autism, allows us to present views on the role of the teacher – the creator of the educational space. Thus far, we have presented the experiences and comments of teachers and therapists; now we can listen to the voices of not only students and parents, but people with autism. The research problem was to present the educational experiences described by autistic people in a paper on pedeutology. The aim of the study was to investigate the opinions on education held by people with autism.
 Method. This study employed the netnographic method and involved a group of people with a diagnosis of autism who met online and agreed to participate.
 Results. Reaching out to a large group made it possible to analyze their statements by ranking and creating meaning bundles.
 Conclusions. The first conclusion is that there is a difference in the approach to the teaching/learning process. This is due to symptoms that are specific to autism, as well as to the different educational and therapeutic approaches. The second conclusion is related to the use of punishment that, in addition to forbidden forms (such as physical punishment), often evolve into psychological and social punishment, such as isolation, marginalization, or a lack of interest. It seems to be equally important to draw attention to the ineffective attempts to impose recognized normative forms of functioning (often referred to as a violation), as well as treating these people as not fully intellectually capable, which is not a condition (intellectual disability can co-occur in a few cases [see Casanova et al., 2000]).

Changes in Women’s Social Roles and Functions in Gender Dichotomy Resistance

This research aims to strengthen the form of resistance to the implementation of gender-based discrimination among women. The theory used in this study is the structural theory of conflict to portray the existing problems. The study methodology chosen is qualitative, with data collection techniques such as interview, non-participatory observation, and literature studies.The subject of the informant in this research is a 1st Semester student Communication Studies, Medan Area University Academic Year 2021/2022, who took Social Theories in Class A2.The results and discussion of this study indicate that the changing roles and social functions of women in the era of emancipation, in fact have not resolved various forms of injustice based on gender, especially in the form of objectification. Be it is in the family domestic sector or the public, such as : politic, economic, social, culture, education and job. Therefore, this research recommends that all level of society must be aware and gender sensitive. Thus, women are no longer a subordinate class in society, and they can give their best contribution to the nation and state. In addition to the prevailing consensus structural rules in the form of values, norms, or laws should not be gender biased. In the end, women must have the courage to fight with a dynamic and heterogeneous attitude in facing the turmoil of the times. Man and woman are equal, and must respect each other!