Form Of Money Research Articles

Проблемы имплементации цифровых денежных средств в современную денежно-банковскую систему

The relevance of the article is due to the need for an adequate response of the banking system to the appearance of a new form of money in calculations – digital. Its appearance necessitates the solution of a number of issues, in particular, how the source of the increase in these funds will be reflected in the accounts of the central bank, what will be the ways of introducing these funds into market circulation, how the ratio between the specific gravity of the three forms of funds will be determined. All these issues are relevant not only for ordinary market participants, but also for the central bank. Meanwhile, in the scientific public space, issues that are rather technical and therefore of secondary importance for economic science come to the fore. The subject of the article is the process of implementing digital money into the modern monetary and banking system. The purpose of the work is to raise issues in general theoretical terms that require appropriate understanding in the context of the modern national market monetary system. As a result of the conducted research, it was concluded that the establishment of the size of the production of digital money, as well as the way of their introduction into market circulation, should be in accordance with the requirement of the law of monetary circulation, immanent in the modern monetary system.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА ВІД ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ЦИФРОВОЇ ВАЛЮТИ

In recent decades, the global economy has been undergoing rapid changes driven by the development of digital technologies. One of the most significant innovations in the financial sector is the emergence of digital currency. The implementation of digital currency can transform the fundamental principles of economic systems, affect the structure of financial markets, and open new opportunities for entrepreneurship. This article explores the prospects for entrepreneurial development in connection with the implementation of digital currency, analyzing the main aspects of the technology and its impact on business. The increasing use of digital technologies in financial transactions brings the issue of implementing digital currency to the forefront for many countries. According to research, electronic payments are becoming increasingly popular, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has stimulated the shift to contactless payment methods. Consequently, central banks and governments are considering the possibility of introducing their own digital currencies as an alternative to traditional forms of money. Understanding the prospects for entrepreneurial development through the implementation of digital currency is extremely important for modern businesses and governmental bodies seeking to maintain the innovativeness and competitiveness of their economies. The results of this research can contribute to the formation of effective strategies for the implementation of digital currencies, as well as identify potential risks and advantages for entrepreneurial activity. To achieve the objectives of this article, a comprehensive approach will be used, including an analysis of scientific research, a review of practical experiences with digital currency implementation in various countries, and an examination of the theoretical aspects of digital currency, smart contracts, and oracles. Special attention will be paid to the analysis of real examples of digital currency use and their impact on the economy and entrepreneurship.

Analysis of Compensation Effect on Job Satisfaction under Foreign Capital Companies in the Manufacturing Sector

Because the level of employee satisfaction with the facilities provided by the company greatly influences the stability of the company, companies must be able to understand the needs of their employees. This study will investigate whether compensation also influences job satisfaction of foreign capital companies in the manufacturing industry in Karawang. This research uses the concept of descriptive and verification research, and the aim of descriptive research is to get an overview of the characteristics of the variable application of compensation and job satisfaction. The research results show that the compensation variables measured indicate that most middle line managers believe that employees receive compensation for all the work they do, whether in the form of money or not. So, research finds that compensation influences job satisfaction in a small way.

Implementasi Metode Preference Selection Index Dalam Penentuan Penerimaan Beasiswa Pada SMA Negeri 2 Bengkulu Selatan

Scholarships are a form of assistance given to students or students in the form of funds or money that will be used to help the cost of the educational process and ease the burden on students in taking the study period, especially the cost issue, given a selective scholarship program. This study aims to implement the Preference Selection Index (PSI) method in determining scholarship acceptance at SMA Negeri 2 South Bengkulu. This study uses a quantitative approach by using secondary data in the form of a decision matrix containing criteria for determining scholarship acceptance and data on students who have applied for scholarships in the previous year. The PSI method is used to determine the relative weight of each criterion and calculate the final score for each student. The results of this study show that the PSI method can produce objective and fair decisions in determining scholarship acceptance. In the application of the PSI method, the criterion with the highest weight is academic achievement and the criterion with the lowest weight is activeness in student organizations. The results of this study can be used as recommendations for the school in determining scholarship acceptance in the following years. It is hoped that the results of this study can help schools in selecting students who meet the criteria and deserve scholarship assistance to help with their education costs.

The Influence Of Compensation And Work Discipline On Employee Performance

Performance includes the work results obtained by an employee when completing tasks in accordance with the responsibilities given to achieve company goals. Factors that influence a person's performance will of course be influenced by employee compensation and discipline because income is in the form of money or goods, either directly or indirectly. indirect, which is received by employees as compensation for their services to the company. Meanwhile, the level of employee discipline also has an impact on the individual's performance. This research aims to understand the impact of compensation and work discipline on the performance of PT employees. Betawimas Brilliant. The research method uses a survey method where the population in this study is PT Betawimas Cemerlang employees, totaling 40 people. Data processing and analysis techniques use the SPSS program. The results of this research state that compensation does not have a significant effect on employee performance, but work discipline has a significant effect on employee performance, as well as simultaneously stating that the results have a significant effect

DETERMINATION OF DOWRY BASED ON THE BRIDE'S EDUCATIONAL LEVEL REVIEWED ACCORDING TO ISLAMIC LAW

A dowry is a gift that is required for a prospective husband to a prospective wife in marriage, whether in the form of gold, money or useful items mentioned during the marriage contract which are the rights of the woman (wife) in the marriage. In the practice of the people of Jaya District, Aceh Jaya Regency, the dowry is determined according to the educational level of the prospective bride. The problem and aim of this research is to find out the factors that cause the people of Jaya District, Aceh Jaya Regency to determine the dowry based on the bride's education level, to find out the view of Islamic law regarding determining the dowry based on the bride's education level. To obtain an answer to this, in this research the author used the Field Research method to draw conclusions using descriptive analytical research, namely explaining in detail the facts found in the field or in society, then analyzing them again to obtain conclusions regarding the problem. in this research. The results of the research show that the determination of the dowry in the traditions of the people of Jaya District, Aceh Jaya Regency is carried out by looking at the educational level of the bride to be married. Because the position and function of dowry in Jaya District society is a new tradition that can give pride to parents (guardians), future wives and symbolizes a woman's success. Determining the dowry or jeulamei which is based on the education level of the bride in Jaya District, has two legal consequences, namely, if the determination of the dowry based on the woman's education is carried out with the aim of increasing the dignity of women, then it is legal or lawful for them to accept it, but on the contrary, if the determination The dowry or jeulamei is because you want to boast and burden the man or future husband, thereby causing things that are contrary to the Shari'a. This is something that religion does not like very much.

BOARDING-BASED SCHOOL PROGRAM; INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO NOURISHING RELIGIOUS CHARACTER VALUES

The aim of this research was to describe the concept of the Islamic boarding school-based school program in instilling students' religious character values and to determine the implementation and evaluation of the Islamic boarding school-based school program in instilling students' religious character values. The research method used a qualitative approach with a case study type of research. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of this research were first, the Islamic boarding school-based school program is a program that integrates the curriculum in public schools with that in Islamic boarding schools which was launched by SMPN 2 Pasirian in collaboration with the Nurul Hayat Pasirian Islamic Boarding School. This program was a form of supporting and strengthening religious character education in students, especially regarding learning Islamic religious education (PAI). Second, this program was implemented from Monday to Thursday and during non-school hours, namely 13.00-15.00. The learning materials taught were reading and writing the Qur'an, memorizing short surahs, basic fiqh, and learning basic Arabic. Apart from that, the religious habituation model was also applied during school hours such as Duha prayers, reading Asmaul Husna or short surahs from the Al-Qur’an, giving alms in the form of money every Friday to be distributed to school students in need, and so on. Third, evaluate this program through three domains, namely the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains.

Application of ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) model to predict Rupiah selling exchange rate against US Dollar

Currency is a tool in the form of money that is accepted and valid and legal as a payment and economic transactions in a country. US dollar is benchmark for world currencies, so predicting rupiah against US dollar is important. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of daily selling rate Rupiah against US Dollar, determine best model, and make predictions selling rate of Rupiah against US Dollar. Data used is daily data on selling rate of Rupiah against US Dollar 20 November 2020 - 19 January 2023 with details data training 20 November 2020 - 20 November 2022 and data testing 21 November 2022 - 19 January 2023. The model used is Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA). The best model was chosen based on the smallest Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). From the analysis results, it is found that best model is ARIMA (2,1,2) because it has significant parameters, white-noise residuals and has smallest MSE and MAPE values. With ARIMA model (2,1,2) the forecasting results for January 20 2023 – January 31 2023 is obtained with highest selling price on January 30 2023 Rp.15,932.4 and smallest on January 20 2023 Rp.15,901.9 and the average Rp.15,919.4. Based on these results, exporters and importers can consider their business activities.

Relasi Uang dan Kekuasaan dalam Konteks Pertukaran Sosial dan Dominasi Impersonal

<p>Abstract: This article discusses social exchange in the relationship between money and power, where money as an economic medium can direct power politically. The framework of thought used refers to Karl Marx. However, this research puts forward a method of critical thinking analysis, with a new approach to reading Marx as pioneered by the Frankfurt School. The steps taken include investigation, interpretation, and deliberation within the framework of a qualitative study. As a result, it appears that there is a development of Marx's theory of value from originally related to concrete work to be intertwined with abstract work through the mediation of money. This research also finds that the tangled threads of social exchange in relation to money and power are formed through fetishism. The worship of money as an independent value binds the existence of value to the form of money. This then manifests impersonal domination. Prioritization of money occurs at the expense or neglect of social relationships and human values. To overcome this tangle, it is necessary to reject the logic of capital, which makes everything rely on money.<br />Fundamentally, this rejection refers to universal, particular, and singular frames in Žižek's review. Within this framework, the rejection of singular, specific individuals or groups, particularly operative organizational programs, and protest movements with broad universal alliances must work together to drive change.</p><p><br />Keywords: Money, Power, Karl Marx, Social Exchange, Fetishism.</p>

Perlindungan Hukum Pekerja Terhadap Pekerja Di Indonesia

Workers are people who do work to produce goods or services to meet the needs of themselves, their families and society by receiving wages in the form of money or other forms. Workers' rights are regulated in article 88 paragraph (1) of Law no. 13/2003 states firmly and clearly that every worker or laborer has the right to obtain protection. This research uses a standard legal approach. The data analyzed is qualitative, the data used is secondary data. This study focuses on how labor law protects efficiency and fairness in the workplace. Efficiency, effectiveness and efficiency are the four main components of labor law identified by this study. This research discusses various aspects of labor protection and efficiency in the context of labor law in Indonesia. This research also highlights the prohibition on layoffs based on economic reasons and emphasizes the importance of providing compensation to workers in the event of layoffs due to efficiency, especially in emergencies such as public health emergencies. Researchers also investigated the effectiveness, efficiency, and shortcomings of labor protection institutions, emphasizing the need for fair treatment of workers. This research does not explicitly outline specific termination indicators in the context of employment law and worker protection. The main focus is on the prohibition of layoffs for economic reasons, the importance of providing compensation to workers in the event of layoffs due to efficiency, and the role of labor law in societal development. Therefore, this study does not provide detailed indicators of desirability in this specific context.

Currency and Its Evolution in the Conditions of Digital Transformation

The article discusses the evolution of the currency in the context of digital transformation. The main forms of fiat money are presented, including their modern development through digital form, as well as distinctive features. Attention is paid to the essence and features of the use of electronic money, their main differences. The focus is on the digital currency of the central bank. Information on the introduction and use of digital currency of central banks has been accumulated and systematized. The relevance of the introduction of the digital currency of the central bank is determined, its differences from the cryptocurrency are listed. The essence of the blockchain is explained and the process of its functioning is considered. The main models for the functioning of the digital currency of central banks, as well as options for cross-border settlements through the use of the digital currency of central banks, are indicated. The prospects for the integration of digital currencies of central banks are touched upon, including their impact on cross-border settlements.

The Influence of Ease of Use, Usefulness, Trust, Attitude on Intention in Small, Micro and Medium Enterprises in Tangerang

The use of digital wallets as a form of electronic money has become popular in Indonesia, providing benefits for both customers and traders. Digital wallets enable payments via QR code and provide efficiency in financial management. Digital financial systems also increase efficiency and productivity in fund transfers, payments, and investment management. The aim of this research is to see whether digital payments can improve the quality of MSME financial management. To explore the background of the problems listed, a descriptive approach is used. The population in this study was 50 MSMEs in Tangerang City and Tangerang Regency. In this research, the primary data used is the results of filling out questionnaires by research participants. Based on the results of our group analysis, it can be concluded that the factors perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, trust, and attitude towards digital payment have an impact on the intention to use digital payment and the equitable use of digital payment for Indonesian MSMEs

BERSAMA MEMBANGUN: Kisah Sukses Partisipasi Desa dalam Pembangunan Infrastruktur di Watubangga

The purpose of this study was to determine community participation in village development in Kukutio Village, Watubangga Sub-district, Kolaka Regency. This research used descriptive qualitative research method with the number of informants as many as 9 people. Data collection techniques are observation, direct interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique is by using data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that community participation in Kukutio Village, Watubangga Sub-district, Kolaka Regency in development was quite good. Community participation in development planning in the form of thoughts, the community participates in musrembang to explore ideas to be conveyed in the village level musrembang. Community participation in development implementation is in the form of contributions in the form of money, property, labor and skill.

Cash transfers and micro-enterprise performance: Theory and quasi-experimental evidence from Kenya

Theoretically, the welfare effects of cash-based assistance depend on how businesses respond to the demand shock and on resulting effects on prices. Such market effects have been largely overlooked in the literature. In this study, we examine the business and price effects of cash-based assistance to refugees in Kenya. Monthly restricted cash transfers worth 3 to 13 dollars were provided to 400,000 refugees in the form of digital money exclusively usable for food purchases at licensed shops. We show that licensed businesses have much higher revenues (+175%) and profits (+154%) and charge higher prices than unlicensed businesses. In line with theory, the restricted cash transfer program created a parallel retail market in which a limited number of businesses enjoy high market power. The theoretical and empirical results provide a cautionary tale highlighting the drawbacks of setting up a less competitive, parallel market to distribute cash-based assistance.

Principal’s Strategies in Improving Employee’s Performance (Study at SMA Negeri South Bengkulu)

This study aims to determine the Principal's Strategy in Improving Employee Performance (Study at SMA Negeri 1 Bengkulu Selatan). This research is qualitative research which is presented descriptively. There were 6 informants in this study consisting of: 2 key informants and 4 key informants. Methods of data collection through interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the research and discussion, it is known that employee performance (a study at SMA Negeri 1 Bengkulu Selatan has been carried out). This can be seen from the indicators discussed earlier, namely: (1) Positive Encouragement: there is an award given by the school principal to TU employees and the teacher council who have achieved achievements assessed by the school principal, in the form of a charter. (2) Perform a Performance Audit: Every year the principal conducts an audit both in terms of finance and performance checks of employees, both the teacher council and TU staff to assess performance results. (3) Set Performance Standards and Goals: The principal assigns duties and responsibilities to the teacher council and TU staff in accordance with their respective duties in carrying out their duties. (4) Give Feedback: To Employees Regarding Their Performance The principal can see from the absence of teachers and TU staff to check the attendance of early or late employees whether or not the tasks assigned are carried out. (5) Give Employees Compliments or Other Rewards Related to Performance. The existence of praise given or carried out by the principal to the staff of the teacher council, TU and students who excel by giving some kind of reward can be in the form of money that has been budgeted by the school committee.

Stratifikasi Sosial dalam Sistem Perekonomian Masyarakat Urban

Social stratification is the grouping of a society into certain classes. Where this grouping can show differences in status that exist in society. Every society has something that is valued, maybe in the form of money, maybe land, maybe objects of economic value, maybe also in the form of power, knowledge, piety in religion, or descent from certain families, occupations and others. It is well known that education and the learning process are very important needs in human life. Therefore, this study aims to determine the form of social stratification in the economy of urban communities. The researcher used a qualitative descriptive method. The results show that those with low socio-economic status tend to have high social relationships while those with high socio-economic status tend to have relatively low relationships. In other words, what influences the pattern of social interaction or social relations in urban communities is socioeconomic status, type of work, income level and education level. In addition, there are other factors that determine the pattern of social interaction or social relations in the city.

Правовая природа цифрового рубля

Introduction. Civil law is a fundamental branch of law whose modernization and reform are significantly influenced by global processes associated with the development of public relations. Digitalization is one such process. The product of digitalization is such a phenomenon as the digital ruble. This phenomenon is a “challenge” for both science and law enforcement practice and the legislator. The definition of the legal nature of the digital ruble deserves close attention from legal science, since the well-being of the state as a whole directly depends on how correctly the legal regulation will be implemented. Since the science of civil law is faced with the task of developing various ways to solve problems in forming the definition of the digital ruble and determining its legal nature, this is the purpose of the study. Methods. The methodological framework for the research is a set of methods of scientific cognition, including such main ones as analysis, synthesis, generalization, and comparative jurisprudence. Results. The authors have studied the essence of the digital ruble as the third form of national currency in the Russian Federation. The main purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of three forms of money: cash, non-cash funds, and the digital ruble. The authors have identified the similarities and differences between these objects of civil rights. As part of the study, various points of view of modern civilists on the problems of determining the legal nature of the digital ruble are studied. The main result is the conclusion that the digital ruble is not identical to either cash or non-cash funds. From the point of view of the legal nature of the digital ruble, it seems inappropriate to attribute it neither to the legal regime of the item nor to the right of claim. The main advantages of the digital ruble have been identified, which allow for a different look at a new form of money. The authors’ definition of the digital ruble meets the main features and peculiarities inherent in the new form of money.

Implementation of Customary Marriage of Nuaulu Tribe People as Civic Culture in Sepa Country, Amahai District

Traditional marriages in the Nuaulu tribe community usually begin with a request or proposal made by the male family through a messenger or spokesperson who is commonly referred to as ruetawamana. This was done on the basis of the young man and the girl who had made an agreement to marry. So that what parents do is just to fulfill rituals and carry out the provisions of applicable customary law. The rituals in the traditional marriage process which are usually carried out at the time of marriage are usually accompanied by an exchange of property between the man and woman and then followed by a blessing ritual led by the chief of the tribe by praying specifically and to unite and bind as proof that they are truly married. it is true that husband and wife who are legal in the eyes of customary law are to cover both parties with the sarongs that have been prepared. The author of this thesis discusses "Implementation of Nuaulu Tribe Traditional Marriage as Civic Culture in Negeri Sepa, Amahai District". The problems discussed in this study are: 1. the process of implementing Nuaulu tribal marriages as Civic Culture. 2. the meaning of traditional marriage for the Nuaulu tribe. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative with observation and interview techniques and using qualitative analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that in the process of carrying out a traditional marriage, the Nuaulu tribe must fulfill several conditions, including that someone who wants to perform the marriage should provide a dowry in the form of a human head. The Nuaulu people use this method to choose a son-in-law as proof of the man's virility, but over time At that time, this tradition was replaced because it caused unrest in other communities so that it was replaced in the form of old dishes and money as dowry. The process of implementing marriage as Civic Culture is one of a series of life cycles that everyone always goes through and therefore needs to be celebrated because it is one of the local cultures that is still being preserved. The meaning of traditional marriage for the Nuaul tribe is something sacred and has become a tradition from ancient times until now. as a tribute to the ancestors.

Wo liegen die Vor- und Nachteile einer digitalen Zentralbankwährung?

Abstract The introduction of a digital euro has been in discussion in the eurozone for some time. The European Central Bank’s investigation phase started in October 2021 and entered a preparatory phase in October 2023. Digital central bank money is already being used in other countries. The introduction of a digital euro raises many questions that affect households and companies, commercial banks and the central bank. Among other things, the following questions arise: Why do we need a digital central bank currency today? What requirements must an additional form of money issued by a central bank fulfil? What are the risks and opportunities associated with the digital euro?

REVIEW OF CUSTOMARY DIVORCE IN MANIPI VILLAGE, PANA DISTRICT, MAMASA DISTRICT

Divorce in Manipi Village, Pana District, Mamasa Regency still uses customary Law. Mamasa is where there is no need to bring a divorce suit to court, but it can be carried out according to custom; apart from that, there are also customary sanctions for perpetrators of divorce. This writing uses nonmatof research with a statutory and conceptual approach. Divorce according to custom in Manipi Village, Pana Subdistrict, Mamasa Regency, namely through customary judges and the local government, and giving Mamasa customary divorce sanctions (Kapaa) based on Tana' (caste) where the customary sanctions are in the form of buffalo and pigs, but due to developments the times, the payment of Kapaa at this time is by the agreement of the family in a case in the form of money or anything that costs a pig or buffalo.