Forms Of Knowledge Production Research Articles

Psychedelic Perception in Queer-Feminist Reading and Writing (as Performance)

This article considers the relationship between perception, language and embodiment in altered or expanded states of consciousness in queer-feminist writing that turns text into performance. How might these processes of perception—often ineffable, numinous, non-discursive and/or irrational, be articulated through language, narrative or discourse? What forms of knowledge production might these processes of perception lead to? How do they influence thinking, concepts of self and experience of reality and consciousness? I address these questions by bringing notions of altered, expanded and intuitive perception into conversation with psychedelic (and more broadly, consciousness) studies and queer-feminist epistemologies through analysis of the work of Gloria Anzaldúa. Drawing upon notions of the embodied mind, which suggest that the mind and body not only work in tandem but are conceptualized through environmental, relational, affective and other contextual influences, I explore how the dynamic relationship between text, embodiment and reality in Anzaldúa’s writing articulates what I call ‘psychedelic’ perception. I use this term to refer to certain forms of altered, expanded and intuitive perception that grapple with sensory experiences in immaterial, spiritual, imaginary and psychic realms. Furthermore, psychedelic perception attempts to situate these sensory experiences in the context of one’s interiority, especially for the purposes of self-transformation and psycho-spiritual healing. I argue that Anzaldúa’s engagements with language and writing can be read as forms of performance, due to her creative processes of ‘re-visioning’ reality and the shifts they enact in perception, cognition, and reality itself through embodiment and alternative forms of knowledge production. Additionally, I explore tensions and trouble binary oppositions between ‘ordinary’ and ‘nonordinary’ states of consciousness and how they interact with discursive and non-discursive, as well as universal and particular aspects of meaning-making and knowledge production.

Five Questions to Understand Epistemology and Its Influence on Integrative Marine Research

Developing solutions to the complex and uncertain problems facing marine and coastal social-ecological ecosystems requires new forms of knowledge production and integration. While progress has been made both in terms of successfully producing integrated marine research and connecting that knowledge to decision-makers, a number of significant challenges remain that prevent the routine development and implementation of successful integrated research practice. Based on our own experiences as social researchers working within interdisciplinary research teams, we contend that one of the main barriers to successful integrative marine research relates to understanding, and where possible reconciling, the different epistemologies that unpin how knowledge is created or discovered in different disciplines. We therefore aim to provide an accessible introduction to the concept of epistemology, with a focus on its importance and influence to integrated marine research practice. Specifically, we present and discuss five questions of research design that relate to epistemology in integrative research practices: (1) What is the object of study we seek to create knowledge about; (2) how do we create knowledge; (3) who accepts knowledge as ‘true’ and how?; (4) how do we determine the epistemology underpinning marine science; and (5) what are the implications of epistemology for applied integrative marine science? We demonstrate the application of each question through a hypothetical case study of marine restoration, focusing on coral transplanting. Finally, we offer readers a simple heuristic to guide them, irrespective of career stage or discipline, to understand and account for epistemology when participating in integrative marine research practices.

Recommended for “frequent perusal” and “improving the science of medicine”: Benjamin Rush’s American editions and the circulation of medical knowledge in the early Republic

Between 1809 and 1813 leading American physician Benjamin Rush (1745–1813) devoted a significant portion of his time to the production of “American Editions” of four British and colonial medical texts by Thomas Sydenham (1624–1689), Sir John Pringle (1707–1782), William Hillary (1697–1763), and George Cleghorn (1716–1789). This occurred during a period where Rush might have written a textbook detailing his preferred medical system for students outright. Instead, he opted for a different form of knowledge production and proliferation that focused on creating fictive conversations and encouraging critical reading rather than rote memorization. He dedicated these heavily annotated documents to the medical students of the United States of America and set them up as a pedagogical tool. Analysis of these texts helps uncover the reading practices of Rush and the manner in which he expected Americans to mediate their usage of foreign texts and theories after the American Revolution.

EU research policy as a transnational memory policy instrument? The framework programmes and the production of competing visions of Europe

This article considers the history-based research networks funded by the Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development (FPs). It sheds light on the interactions between the European Commission and scholars – Commission-appointed experts, funded researchers, but also scholars who disagree with the EU memory policy. Even if the scholars’ influence is significant, the FPs remain an instrument in the hands of the European Commission. The visions of the history of Europe brought forward are in conformance with official narratives highlighted by works on other EU memory policy instruments. This leads to a confrontation between ‘authorised’ and alternative narratives at European level. While the institutionalisation of European research networks as a form of knowledge production which is intended to be specifically European contributes to shaping ‘Europe’, the idea of the emergence of an autonomous ‘European memory space’ nevertheless deserves nuancing because of the FPs’ fragmented nature and of the role that national academic levels continue to play.

The Invisibility of Race in Sociological Research on Contemporary Russia: A Decolonial Intervention

This essay provides a critical decolonial intervention into the prevalent state of racial exceptionalism in mainstream sociological research on contemporary Russia. Following critical race theory's understanding of race as relationally constituted and rooted in discourses of Europeanness, modernity, and civilization, the essay shows that race is highly prevalent but unacknowledged in sociological studies of Russia. It is argued that dismissing race as analytically irrelevant in Russia seriously limits the sociological ability to explain social inequalities, engage with current global challenges and inadvertently gives racism new legitimacy. Drawing on postcolonial and decolonial critiques of sociology as a form of knowledge production, the essay points towards some ways of decolonizing sociological research concerning the inequalities associated with race and ethnicity in Russia and overcoming racial exceptionalism.

La búsqueda de personas en tiempos de pandemia. Desaparición forzada y resistencias colectivas

This paper aims to analyze the consequences of the pandemic in the search of collectives for disappeared persons in Mexico before the strategy of the Mexican State to pause, signal and cancel the participation of family members in the search processes. Based on the accompaniment of the Colectivo Sabuesos Guerreras A. C., we analyze the context of the pandemic, as well as the responses given by groups and relatives of disappeared persons. The methodology used in the article is documentary and qualitative, focused on interviews and discussions, as well as meetings with representatives of groups and human rights centers, and on documentary sources reviews. The pandemic has raised new challenges and new forms of intervention and involvement of popular sectors while searching for the disappeared ones. The socio-sanitary situation also mobilizes other forms of knowledge production that urge to tie previous knowledge, practical experience and the search for information to make visible the ways in which the violations of human rights is not suspended by government decisions, but, on the contrary, is intensified and worsened during the sanitary contingency. In this sense, this work makes possible not only the thinking on the importance of family groups in the search for disappeared persons, but also the presentatio of the logic of governance based on a state of exception, reduplicating the grievance for certain sectors of the population.

Rescued from Oblivion: Historical Cultures in the Early United States by Alea Henle

Rescued from Oblivion: Historical Cultures in the Early United States by Alea Henle Christine DeLucia (bio) Keywords Historical societies, Historical culture, Heritage, Artifacts Rescued from Oblivion: Historical Cultures in the Early United States. By Alea Henle. (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2020. Pp. 264. Cloth, $90.00; paper, $28.95.) Alea Henle surveys the tumultuous landscape of historical enterprises in the early U.S. republic in this carefully constructed study of “historical cultures.” Opening with the founding of the Massachusetts Historical Society in 1791 and the Boston-based organization’s goals for preserving original materials and supporting inquiry into historical topics, Rescued from Oblivion traces out the larger contexts and consequences of institution-building. In its six chapters the book adopts a comparative approach, examining scores of historical societies to discern larger patterns [End Page 488] in their origins, motivations, trajectories, and social effects. This is a welcome vantage that adds profitably to extant literature more focused on single-institution, municipal, or regional historical pursuits (for example, accounts of the American Antiquarian Society in Worcester, Massachusetts, or the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia). The comparative lens also foregrounds the many networks of historically engaged individuals and groups who consulted with one another, competed for acquisitions of notable materials, and attempted to differentiate their goals and remits. Henle’s work emphasizes the tenuous quality of these early historical enterprises, which took shape from Maine to Georgia to California. Nearly all of them confronted serious challenges while attempting to build and sustain their memberships. They struggled to obtain donations—both documentary and artifactual—to their nascent collections and labored to secure sufficient funding to purchase or rent appropriate meeting and storage spaces. When members did amass collections, fires, floods, mold, vermin, and neglect frequently compromised the holdings’ integrity. Many societies found it challenging to maintain their momentum beyond their founders’ initial enthusiasm. While the institutions that have endured into the twenty-first century may be best known today, Rescued from Oblivion points out the importance of recovering and critically scrutinizing those that failed or dwindled into obsolescence. (Appendix One neatly lays out a chronology of societies’ establishments.) These lesser-known histories underscore the relative weight or lack thereof accorded by local communities to formally institutionalized historical endeavors. Henle’s methodology draws on the ample though uneven documentary records that many of these institutions created about their own origins and evolution. It productively illuminates the complex crossovers between “private” and “public” domains, and how entrepreneurial historical society leaders sometimes scooped up colonial and state records, particularly in the relative absence of formal governmental structures for preserving and rendering accessible key archives. It also situates the collecting of physical objects—especially objects associated with locally and nationally prominent individuals—as a counterpart to early archival development that eventually spurred the divergence of natural and historical museums from historical societies. Rescued from Oblivion recognizes at the outset that most of these institutions were envisioned and operated by elite Protestant, Anglo American [End Page 489] men. It critically assesses how members’ identities and political commitments strongly shaped the types of histories that they valued and preserved—or de-legitimized and ignored. The societies’ work closely aligned with emerging commitments in the early republic such as local pride, civic duty, and nationalism, as well as anxieties about the salience of American histories as compared to European ones. The book does not simply critique these exclusionary ideologies and practices. It also productively examines how individuals and groups not represented in these spaces pushed back against their marginalization and advocated for other forms of knowledge-production and preservation. Chapter 6, “‘An Oblivious Society’: Inclusion, Exclusion, and Omission in Historical Collections,” takes up societies’ relative silences about histories of slavery and emancipation and about settler colonialism’s impacts on Native American people and tribal nations. Engaging recent scholarship such as Jean M. O’Brien’s Firsting and Lasting: Writing Indians Out of Existence in New England (Minneapolis, 2010), the chapter critiques historical societies’ efforts to relegate Native people to a distant past (typically under a heading of “antiquities”) rather than recognizing their ongoing presence and sovereignty. While the book takes historical societies as its interpretive center, it certainly appreciates that...

Gharbzadegi, colonial capitalism and the racial state in Iran

ABSTRACT This article argues that the political thought of one of twentieth-century Iran’s foremost intellectuals, Jalal Al-e Ahmad (1923–1969) and his seminal work Gharbzadegi (1962), often translated as ‘West-struck-ness’ or ‘Westoxication’, can and should be understood through the critical study of race and racialisation. In contrast to the paradigms of ‘nativism’, ‘Islamic atavism’ and the demand for a return to ‘cultural authenticity’ that have traditionally framed the significance and reception of his thought, this article contends that Al-e Ahmad’s notion of gharbzadegi provides crucial insights into how predatory forms of colonial capitalism stratify the economic world order in accordance with what W.E.B. Du Bois famously called the ‘colour line’. The article submits that Al-e Ahmad’s political thought sheds light upon the conditions of Eurocentric and racialised forms of knowledge production and immanent material practices, and how they structure the lived experiences of colonial and semi-colonial subjects, as well as providing a remarkable perspective on how ‘race thinking’ and the ‘racial state’ were conceived and institutionalised in twentieth-century Iran.

The soundscape of Anthropocene

Recently, much attention has been paid to the many different forms of collaborative or participatory practice both within, and out with the academy; from practice-based research to theoretical contributions and artistic experimentations. In terms of acoustemology as described by Steven Feld, the creative processes of collaborative soundscaping practices, developed as dialogic editing, produce theories of sound as knowledge production. Within this trend of doing anthropology in sound, sound art works aim to reconnect communities to the environment and indicate the emergence and presence of an ecological and aesthetic co-evolution. Such projects, in fostering interdisciplinary approaches, allow the development of hybrid types of knowledge through dialogic exchanges, and engage multiple agents by developing audile techniques. They also raise interesting questions within collaborative and interdisciplinary creative practice, in relation to the critical examination of the instrumentality of collaboration. By focusing on field recordings and soundscape compositions this paper discusses ecological sound art works that use collaborative creativity, new technologies, and phenomenological listening, to produce dialogic and collaborative forms of epistemic and material equity. These sound art works are the result of complex expressions of creative processes that involve multiple agents, while successfully voice their authorial presence. The interdisciplinary, collaborative and open-ended nature of these projects brings forward the social and political dimension of sound and listening, which could figure in more collaborative forms of knowledge production and inspire climate action.

As tecnologias derivadas da matriz africana no Brasil

Apresentamos aqui uma síntese de mapeamento de tecnologias derivadas da matriz africana no Brasil, mostrando que elas compõem uma rica tradição que tem sido, contudo, invisibilizada por interpretações eurocêntricas, que desprezam formas distintas de produção de conhecimentos e artefatos que não se encaixam na narrativa dominante sobre o desenvolvimento tecnológico. A pesquisa, desenvolvida a partir dos estudos em africanidades, contrapondo os paradigmas desenvolvidos pelas teorias eurocêntricas, busca mostrar, de forma não exaustiva, a riqueza da matriz africana a partir de suas manifestações no âmbito tecnológico.

The art of trascegliere e notare in early modern Italian culture

ABSTRACT Twenty years ago, historians complained that the art of excerpting was still a marginal topic. Ten years later, Ann Blair said that the history of note-taking had only just begun to be written. Indeed, historians spent nearly 25 years investigating how note-taking and excerpting systems developed in early modern Europe, and how great an influence they had on knowledge management and production in a society that gradually adapted to the mentality of printing. In the absence of an interdisciplinary book combining historical evidence with theoretical reasoning, this article aims at sketching out how early modern Italian culture took part in the debate on what we call the art of excerpting and note-taking (trascegliere e notare). The main hypothesis is that, within a century of the invention of the printing press, the notebook lost its function of memory aid and became a secondary memory. This functional change implied a loosening of the rhetorical structure of learning and experimentation with a new form of knowledge production, based on recombination. As a result, scholars discarded the culture of repetition and began to look for novelty. This produced a type of hypertrophy of variety: note-taking and excerpting techniques were understood as a way not only to avoid an excess of variety but also to produce substantially more variety than before. Knowledge was thus stored as a kind of “fine Capital” (Muratori) in view of an open future. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, scholars regarded such capitalisation as a question of “good taste”.

The decline of Asian Studies in the West and the rise of knowledge production in Asia: An autoethnographic reflection on mobility, knowledge production, and academic discourses

In recent years, the discipline of Asian Studies has struggled to adapt to a changing world and has seen a decline in student interest. A discourse about this issue has emerged that attributes this “crisis” in Asian Studies to various supposed faults in its forms of knowledge production, and that looks with hope to Asia for new forms of knowledge about the region. This paper takes issue with this discourse by employing an autoethnographic narrative to examine the ways in which mobility has affected the discipline of Asian Studies. It traces a path, followed by this author and many others, from an affective fascination with a foreign society to the professional production of knowledge. It then examines how this professional knowledge production has transformed under the influence of different forms of mobility (state-sponsored, private, and global digital), transformations that have led to the current “crisis” in Asian Studies.

Epistemología de la pedagogía hospitalaria

The present analysis is contextualized in the elucidation of the Hospital Pedagogy epistemological contours with the purpose of revealing its nature and object. The aim is to analyze the theoretical contours of hospital pedagogy as interstitial and interdisciplinary knowledge, its zones of critical tension, and its forms of knowledge production. The methodology used is of a documentary nature, with established criteria for bibliographical selection and with consultation in databases such as SciElo and Scopus. The main conclusions reached are the following: a) hospital pedagogy constitutes a field of knowledge whose wisdoms are syntagmatic; b) at the heart of its core concepts - pedagogy and medicine - it develops new understandings to address the reality to which it is committed; c) hospital pedagogy inaugurates a new space to understand both the educational fact and its concepts as well as medicine and its approximations to the approach of the human condition; and e) the recognitive  enterprise, which crosses the nature of hospital pedagogy, does not assign to a Hegelian dialectic relationship, but rather, the configuration of its liminal, membrane and the interstitial domain is affirmed in an uneasy dialectal relationship, in permanent search and movement.

Arqueologia, comunidade, ancestralidade e outros assuntos para pensar a identidade quilombola

O mote da IV Semana Internacional de Arqueologia Discentes MAE/USP girou entorno da pluralização de debates a partir de perspectivas que enfatizassem a preocupação com contextos sociais e culturais marginalizados pelas sociedades, pelos estudos, pelas instituições etc. A periferia se tornou centro e as discussões foram construídas a partir de problemas de sujeitos e contextos esquecidos e apagados. Assim, enfatizamos a importância de falar sobre os que estão às margens, mas mais ainda sobre a importância de deixar que eles mesmos falassem e de criar possibilidades para que suas vozes sejam ouvidas. A mesa "Arqueologias Quilombolas" promoveu o debate entre diferentes perspectivas e a presença de Silvio Campos, junto às demais pesquisadoras, confirma a urgência de repensarmos nossas estruturas universitárias hierárquicas. Nós precisamos promover e valorizar outras formas de produção de conhecimento e perceber que sempre temos muito a ensinar, mas temos muito mais a aprender com os outros. Silvio nos ensinou sobre sua comunidade a partir de suas narrativas, saberes e vivências. Depois de sua participação na mesa conversamos um pouco mais com ele sobre sua vida, sua comunidade e a Arqueologia. A entrevista que se segue apresenta alguns dos pontos por nós discutidos.

Fostering place-based coalitions between social movements and science for sustainable urban environments: A case of embedded agency

The objective of this paper is to contribute to an important debate concerning the interaction between place-based social movements and the science, technology and innovation system. Our central proposition is that place-based social movements can facilitate unique local heterogeneous alliances with key actors of the science and technology system. A process of bricolage can emerge from these alliances whereby social movements are supported by the technical knowledge of the science community, and in turn, the priorities of the scientists are influenced by the agendas of the social movements, leading to new forms of knowledge production. We build on this to argue that these place-based engagements can create significant agency towards changes in socio-technical and socio-ecological systems in urban environments, especially in societies where regulatory oversight is weaker and social movements in areas that overlap science, technology and innovation are a common expression of civil society demand for change. Our argument is developed through a study of a social movement in defence of an urban wetland in Bogota.

Profiling Consumers Through Big Data Analytics: Strengths and Weaknesses of Article 22 GDPR

A new form of knowledge production that is flourishing in the Big Data age is profiling. In general, profiling means any form of discovering or constructing knowledge from large sets of data originating from a variety of sources. In a narrow sense, profiling is a way of making individual profiles, i.e. sets of characteristics, features, and attributes through which a person or group can be discerned from another person or group. Profiling is a relatively novel concept in European Union data protection law. It is defined in Article 4 (4) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). However, Article 22 of the GDPR determines the scope of protection in the case of profiling. This article focuses on an interpretation of Article 22. In addition, this article aims to give an overview of the wording, limitation and potential regulatory gaps, which exist in Article 22 of the GDPR. Big Data Analytics, algorithms, AI, GDPR, profiling, consent, contract

Mapping Scientific Collaboration: A Bibliometric Study of Rice Crop Research in India

This paper aims to capture the pattern of collaboration operating in the field of rice crop research in India. The present study employs both bibliometric techniques as well as social network analysis to analyze the publication output indexed by Scopus database in rice crop research during 1995-2014. The study finds that Indian rice scientists prioritize collaborative research practices. Indian rice scientists demonstrate a preference for mega-authored publications. The increasing trend in the mean values of Degree of Collaboration, Collaboration Coefficient and Modified Collaboration Coefficient indicate that the proportion of multi- or mega-authored papers are accelerating steadily. Moreover, the increase in international collaboration indices manifests that the rice scientists in India have been gradually broadening the ambit of research collaboration to cope with the pace, scope and profoundness of transformations at the global level. The social network analysis of agencies reveals that the State Agricultural Universities, Indian Council of Agricultural Research and International Institutes have emerged as core collaborators in the field of rice crop research. Moreover, weak collaboration profile of industry indicates that although rice crop research has shifted from ‘Mode 1’ to ‘Mode 2’ form of knowledge production but its optimization is yet to be realized.

Jellyfish encounters: science, technology and security in the Anthropocene ocean

ABSTRACT The article furthers the debate on security in the Anthropocene by scrutinizing one crucial aspect of it – that is: the relation between knowledge, technology and security. For this, it takes the emerging debate in International Relations and Critical Security Studies to a space that it has so far neglected: the global ocean. Focusing on countermeasures against rising jellyfish blooms – from early-warning systems to autonomous killer robots – the article studies how digital technologies are increasingly being deployed to cope with anthropogenic environmental risks. Conceptually, the article develops the notion of the Anthropocene ocean. This concept is used to show how complex and entangled phenomena – such as jellyfish blooms – challenge existing regimes of security as well as underlying forms of knowledge production. The analysis shows how attempts to control and manage risks in the ocean space are replaced by experimental forms of governance that are enabled by digital technologies including big data, machine learning and sensors of different kinds. The final part of the article argues that such forms of technological experimentation and related knowledge practices are underwritten by a logic of geopolitics and war.

Why close to practice is not enough: Neglecting practice in educational research

This article draws on normative conceptualisations of practice to reconsider the relationship between educational research and educational practice, enabling a critical commentary on the recent British Educational Research Association statement on close‐to‐practice research. It is argued that the portrayal of practice in the research undertaken for the BERA statement is limiting, with a tendency to view educational practice as amounting to whatever activities current practitioners are involved in. Such a view can overlook practice purposes, accountabilities and dynamics, and elevate certain forms of knowledge production that ignore core educational concerns. Instead, it is suggested, educational research should reconsider its role within a normative conception of educational practice, with the aim of making educational research more educationally meaningful.

Citizen Science, the Body of Christ, and Testimonial Epistemology

AbstractHow does explicit theological knowledge emerge out of communal practices, who is involved in its production, and what are its procedures? These are neither neutral nor arbitrary methodological questions; they are themselves deeply theological. Digital innovations and the subsequent transformations of society and academia invite us to redefine the work of theology. Epistemologically drawing on a theology of the cross and centring the communal nature and vulnerable existence of the witnessing community, we develop a model of doing theology that is collaborative and exploratory within the medial transformations of the digital age. Taking cues from participatory research conceptions of “citizen science,” we propose going toward and beyond a “citizen theology.” We need the courage to conceive of a theology that is ultimately centreless. Therefore, we cannot aspire to testimonially responsible forms of doing theology without striving for epistemic justice and diaconal empowerment at a global level. The “distributed theology” we envision promotes global (catholic), decentral (apostolic), and communal (local) forms of knowledge production by the whole of the body of Christ in ever more distributed ways.