Form Of Entry Research Articles

Research and Development of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Filling Material and Its Application in Gob-Side Entry Retaining Technology in Deep Mines

Against the background of the prevailing green development paradigm, numerous coal mines have embraced the adoption of gob-side entry retaining mining technology. The most commonly employed form of gob-side entry retaining involves building an artificial wall along the edge of the goaf behind the working face to maintain the roadway. The pivotal challenge in gob-side entry retaining lies in the roadside support. Currently, commonplace concrete serves as the predominant material for the roadside filling body. Nevertheless, traditional concrete exhibits drawbacks, including inadequate tensile strength and poor toughness, leading to wall cracks or even collapses in the retaining wall. Steel fiber, a frequently employed reinforcement and toughening agent in concrete, has found widespread application in the construction sector and other fields. However, its use as a roadside filling material in underground coal mines remains infrequent. Therefore, in this paper, the flow and mechanical properties of steel fiber concrete were tested and analyzed, and field industrial tests were conducted. Results of indoor experiments show that steel fibers reduce the slump of concrete. The addition of steel fibers shifted the pore compacting stage, linear elasticity stage, and destabilization stage forward and improved the post-peak bearing capacity. The addition of steel fibers makes the concrete compressive and tensile strength show a “first increase and then decrease” trend; both peaked at 1.5%, and the increase in tensile strength is more pronounced. Steel fibers enhance the strength of compressive strength of concrete at an early age, weaker at a late age, and tensile strength inversely. The addition of steel fiber can change the concrete matrix from tensile damage to shear damage, and the toughness index shows the trend of “first increase and then decrease”, and reaches the peak value when the dosage is 1.5%. Industrial test results show that steel fiber concrete as a roadside filling body can reduce the surrounding rock surface displacement and bolt (cable) force.

Assessing Mutatis Mutandis’ Authorities of Sabang Free Trade and Free Port Zone within the Indonesian Law on Job Creation

This paper discusses authorities of Sabang Free Trade and Free Port Zone(KPBPB) and its dilemma post the existence of the Law on Job Creation (UU-Cipta Kerja) and Constitutional Court decision, in terms of ‘Mutatis Mutandis’ in attracting investment. There is conflict regulation after the government issued UU-Cipta Kerja, including facilities and conveniences in the form of entry and exit of goods, taxation, customs, excise and licence. The application of Online Single Submission(OSS) system has centralized the authority while KPBPB Sabang to become only a beneficiary. Hence the Application of ‘Mutatis Mutandis’ to necessary changes for attracting Investment opportunities is required. This paper contributes to clarify the authority of KPBPB Sabang in terms of strengthening and repositioning the KPBPB within centralization notion of Job creation law.

Molecular characterization, expression analysis and subcellular location of the members of STAT family from spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus)

The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway is a pervasive intracellular signal transduction pathway, involving in biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and immune regulation. In this study, seven STAT genes, STAT1, STAT1-like, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5a and STAT5b, were identified and characterized in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus). Analyses of multiple sequence alignment, genomic organization, phylogeny and conserved synteny were conducted to infer the evolutionary conservation of these genes in the STAT family. The results of the bioinformatics analysis assumed that STAT1 and STAT1-like might be homologous to STAT1a and STAT1b, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of the seven genes were detected in eight tissues of healthy spotted seabass, which revealed that they were expressed in a variety of tissues, mainly in gill, spleen and muscle, and extremely under-expression in liver. The expression of the seven genes in gill, head-kidney, spleen and intestine were significantly induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Edwardsiella tarda challenge. The expression of most of the LmSTATs were up-regulated, and the highest expression levels at 12 h after LPS stimulation, however, the LmSTATs were down-regulated by E. tarda infection. The results of subcellular localization show that the native LmSTAT1, LmSTAT1-like, LmSTAT2, LmSTAT3 and LmSTAT5a were localized in the cytoplasm, but they were translocated into the nucleus after LPS stimulation. Whereas, LmSTAT4 and LmSTAT5b were translocation into the nucleus whether with LPS stimulation or not. Overall, this is the first study to systematically revealed the localization of STAT members in fish, and indicated that LmSTATs participate in the process of protecting the host from pathogens invasion in the form of entry into nucleus.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Aortic Wall Elastic Properties Disorders and Its Hemodynamics

Background. Vascular stiffness is an important predictor of cardiovascular disease. The vascular wall biomechanical parameters change not only in patients with genetic disorders of the connective tissue. This means that, regardless of etiology, the early detection of a progressive loss of aortic elasticity is of great clinical importance in preventing the development of severe complications. Assessment of aortic biomechanical parameters using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a new level of visualization for aortic diseases allowing to improve surgical tactics and prevent complications. A number of biomechanical parameters determined by aortic MRI demonstrates the process of its wall remodeling, so their analysis will allow to develope an algorithm for the early diagnosis of aneurysms and the threat of acute aortic syndrome.Objective: using aortic MRI data, to evaluate the aortic biomechanical parameters and hemodynamics at pre- and postoperative stages and their impact on the occurrence of complications and relapses in the long-term period.Material and methods. Between 2020 and 2023, in Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center of Surgery, aortic MRI was performed prospectively before and after surgery in 107 patients with diagnoses of ascending aortic aneurysm (55 patients: 48 (87%) males and 7 (13%) females, mean age 79.4±14.91 years) and DeBakey type I and III aortic dissection, chronic stage (52 patients: 44 (85%) males and 8 (15%) females, mean age 54.32±10.41 years).Results. The quantitative data analysis in the postoperative period showed a decrease in the aortic wall elastic properties in the form of extensibility (0.4 [0.34; 0.54] %/mm Hg in the aneurysm group; 0.5 [0.25; 0.55] %/mmHg in the dissection group) and an increase in stiffness in the form of Young’s modulus (0.6 [0.38; 0.68] MPa in the aneurysm group; 0.5 [0.39; 0.83] MPa in the dissection group). Hemodynamic changes in the dissection group after surgery demonstrated a significant increase in values of maximum velocity in the descending aorta (78.6 [66.24; 130.78] cm/sec) and pressure gradient at the celiac trunk level (2.10 [1.76; 6.84] mm Hg). When assessing the pulse wave velocity parameter in both groups, high values were noted with a tendency to increase after surgery (in the aneurysm group, 7.7 [5.7; 20.3] cm/s before surgery versus 8.7 [6.5; 10.65] cm/s after surgery; in the dissection group, 9.7 [6.8; 12.9] versus 12.7 [7.7; 15.7] cm/s, respectively).Conclusion. Monitoring general hemodynamics and blood flow patterns together with an assessment of the aortic wall elasticity will make it possible to identify patients with borderline aortic dilatation. At the same time, studies of the aortic prosthetic segment are of particular interest. The obtained data on hemodynamic changes occuring at the border of the prosthetic and native segments of the operated aorta can confirm and justify the development of a complication in the form of distal stent graft-induced new entry (dSINE).

Local banking markets and barriers to entrepreneurship in minority and other areas

This empirical study investigates the linkages among entrepreneurship in the form of establishment entry, local banking markets, and broadband availability, focusing on minority areas in the US. Lack of access to banks and lack of competition in the market for small business loans can make it more difficult for an entrepreneur to overcome the liquidity constraint to starting a new business. Broadband internet access can facilitate startups directly by enhancing firm profitability and indirectly by stimulating competition in the loan market, lowering the cost of access to finance, and enabling access to financial capital from fintech lenders. The barriers to new business creation erected by local banking markets are hypothesized to be even higher in minority areas, given the greater difficulty minority entrepreneurs face in raising financial capital. The empirical results show that broadband availability, local bank density, and competition in small business loans all facilitate startups. Broadband lowers barriers for entrepreneurs as hypothesized through both the direct and indirect channels. Broadband availability attenuates the barriers from insufficient access to local banks and lack of competition in small business loans from banks. For some industries, higher bank density and greater loan competition facilitate startups more in minority areas than in mostly white areas. Given that minority areas have many fewer banks per capita and much less loan competition than mostly white counties, the results imply that minority areas face even higher barriers to entrepreneurship from insufficient local formal financial resources. The moderating effect of broadband on local financial constraints applies even more so to Black communities; thus while the barriers for Black entrepreneurs may be higher, access to broadband has a greater alleviating effect on those barriers. Business creation in Hispanic areas also faces obstacles from the local banking environment, but broadband does not appear to help reduce them, although it still has a positive direct effect on entry. Additional evidence shows that broadband helped small businesses in minority areas procure more bank loans. Broadband access can thus help entrepreneurs in general, Blacks in particular, and to a lesser extent Hispanics surmount the liquidity constraint to starting a business. The implications of the results are discussed with reference to current and proposed policy to promote broadband availability, usage, and digital equity.

Bookkeeping, but not for profit: A special form of double entry in a 16th century Venetian charity

Double entry bookkeeping is considered to involve the recording of monetary amounts and is recognised as consequently facilitating financial reporting concerning the financial stewardship of an entity. This paper presents a unique example of double entry bookkeeping that responds to a different stewardship need, one where quantities are sometimes the focus of interest, while elsewhere it is monetary amounts. Duality is maintained throughout, even in cases where the debit entries are in monetary amounts and the credit entries are in quantities. These findings arose from an investigation into the diffusion of double entry from its banking and commercial roots into the not-for-profit sector in 16th century Venice. Its focus was the accounting practice and the management of a small charitable hospice within the context of its socio-political, economic, and commercial environment. Identification of this hybrid variant form of double entry bookkeeping in the account book of the charity confirms that diffusion of the method had occurred. And, it had done so in a tailored way that was more varied and nuanced by its purpose than might have been anticipated from the texts of Pacioli and the several authors of 16th century Venetian bookkeeping manuals. It is concluded that the differences identified were adopted to delineate responsibility and facilitate assessment of stewardship.

The day my Diya burnt out: The shadows that remain

Abstract This short story takes the form of a journal entry where the author reflects on their life as a doctor. Growing up in a family of doctors and undergoing the rigorous training and selection processes of medicine conditioned them to be ruthlessly competitive and self-centred. However, their perspective shifts when their younger sister, also a medical student, unexpectedly takes her own life. The author realizes that despite being surrounded by doctors, they failed to recognize the signs of their sister’s mental health struggles and how they could have supported her. This traumatic experience leads the author to question the culture of medicine and the lack of emphasis on empathy and emotional support for both patients and fellow medical professionals. The story serves as a poignant reminder of the consequences of neglecting mental health and the importance of cultivating a more compassionate and understanding medical culture.

Gabe Jones

Introduced in the 1963 Marvel comic Sgt. Fury and His Howling Commandos, Gabe Jones is ‘one of the first “normal” black people in comics. […] I mean not a racist caricature’, in the words of African-American writer Reginald Hudlin. The Harlem-born Jones was written as a professional jazz trumpeter who had learned to play from none other than Louis Armstrong. At some point during the Second World War, the Howling Commandos help repel a Nazi invasion of Wakanda, the African nation ruled by Marvel superhero Black Panther, with whom Jones strikes up a personal friendship. This piece takes the form of a 1000-word entry on Jones for a fictional Encyclopedia of Jazz Marvels. It speculates the effect that contact with an Afrofuturist utopia like Wakanda might have had on the subsequent evolution of an African-American jazz musician, leading to the birth of an imagined genre—Vibop—in the early 1950s. By parodying the formal qualities of journalistic writing on music and comics, the piece speculates on the boundaries of fiction in jazz life-writing.

Clinical and epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in aracati city, ceara in 2017 and 2018

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease originated by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which attacks the lungs and can cause death. Objective: To delineate an epidemiological profile among the age group of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis, investigate, and identify the magnitude of cases of the disease and its consequences in the municipality of Aracati-CE. Methodology: Ecological, descriptive, and quantitative research that sought to understand factors associated with high reported tuberculosis rates. Data collection was performed using data from DATASUS / SINAN, period of the second semester of 2019. Results: Regarding the Residence Zone which had the highest index in 2017 and 2018 was Urban Zone 66.67% and 69.24. respectively. About Age Group was 47, 63% for individuals between 10-39 years (2017) and at 64.10% for same age group (2018). In 2017 the brown race reached 76.20% and in 2018 reached 79, 49%. Both in 2017 and 2018 men were the most committed by tuberculosis: 76.20% and 74.35%, respectively. The most verified form of entry was 85.72% of new cases (2017) and new cases were 79.48% (2018). The most recurrent form of the disease was Pulmonary with 71.42% (2017) and the following year this rate reached 92.30%. In 2017 52.39% were cases with laboratory confirmation and in 2018 this rate reached 66.66%. In 2017 85.72% of patients achieved cure while in 2018 30.76% of patients achieved cure. Conclusion: This study showed and contributed to the knowledge about tuberculosis cases in the city of Aracati, Ceará, showing with scientific basis the most recent evidence on the subject.

INCLUSIVE MUSIC EDUCATION: PERSPECTIVES AND PROBLEMS

If you can fill the unforgiving minute
 With sixty seconds' worth of distance run,
 Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it,
 And – which is more – you'll be a Man, my son!"
 ("If" by Rudyard Kipling)
 The article is devoted to the topic of introducing inclusive education in Ukrainian art institutions. The historical background of the genesis of the phenomenon of inclusion in society is presented, as well as a description of the state of art education during the Soviet totalitarianism. It is noted that inclusion in art is a synthesis of a number of components, among them relevant are: legislation (national and international), historical background, mental features, socio-cultural context. The content of inclusive education in art schools and specialized music schools operating at conservatories is also considered. Attention was drawn to the problems of implementing inclusion in such educational institutions, because just a few years ago, such a model of education with its equal opportunities and barrier-free access was not a priority and was not even considered. It is noted that the new paradigm in general (and, in particular, in art education) is a complex system of knowledge in pedagogy, medicine, psychology, which is necessary for the integration and adaptation of a special contingent of people into society.
 One of the pedagogical art programs for working with children with disabilities in educational institutions, created by direct participants in the educational process – music teachers of one of the regional art schools, was presented. It is noted that the document approves the education system for children with special educational needs as vertical-horizontal (in fact, the usual simple Descartes coordinate system), because the level of the program takes into account the age qualification of the applicant (child) and is directly related to the psychophysical development of the applicant. The main provisions, goals and principles, directions of implementation of the "Concept of inclusive art education" are also outlined, which cover the entire spectrum of this paradigm in education.
 The article highlights the non-institutional form of inclusion in art: festivals, creative competitions. It is noted that this form of entry of a child into society is no less important than the actual education in educational institutions.
 The study uses empirical research methods: observation, synthesis, and analysis.
 The paper concludes that the needs of society (including the humanization of education, Ukraine's attempts to join the European community), which required urgent solutions, created a situation in which professionally high-quality personnel of art educational institutions were psychologically unprepared to work with children with special educational needs. That is why the presented work indicates that the teaching staff prepared for specific working conditions is the primary link, the basis for further successful development of inclusion in art education.

Japanese SME Internationalization in Halal Food Industry: A Preliminary Study

Recently, Japanese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have faced a shrinking domestic market due to a declining population in Japan. In contrast, the global Muslim population has been drastically increasing, which is attractive to Japanese SMEs, especially food manufacturers. Despite the situation, there has been little empirical research on the internationalization of Japanese SMEs in the halal food industry. With this in mind, this study explores it by adopting an existing framework of SME internationalization. The main aims are to describe the process of how one Japanese small food manufacturer has entered a foreign Muslim market by starting and expanding its halal food business and to identify the role of international entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) in this specific field. By analyzing this case, the findings show the following things. First, IEO is considered an important factor to lead to the internationalization of Japanese SMEs in the halal food industry because the president of the manufacturer actively collected information on the halal food business and built an appropriate organizational structure. Second, since the halal industry in Japan has obstacles to SME internationalization, Original Equipment Manufacturing (OEM) is an effective form of entry into foreign Muslim markets, which gave the president opportunities to collect market information and build a network in the market. Third, procurement innovation is imperative to receive foreign halal certification and break down a cultural barrier based on food habits since ingredients Japanese manufacturers procure possibly contain non-halal materials at the level of not only first-tier suppliers but second and third-tier suppliers.

Web interface - an example of the universal platform of engineering calculations in the educational process

The current trend of technology development in the educational process is based on Internet communications, online calculations and mobile microprocessor gadgets.
 The article shows an example of developing a universal and reliable server platform for interactive online applications that can be used in the learning process. A web service implemented in the PERL programming language using secure CGI client-server technology is presented.
 The implementation of the technology is considered in detail on the example of a typical problem of the course "Technical Mechanics of Liquids and Gases" to determine the critical depth of flow in the open channel.
 The analysis of possibilities and - most importantly - limitations of various modern trends in the implementation of computer algebra systems in comparison with the development of an interactive web form of online calculations, which is developed specifically for each educational task.
 An experimental project of educational and methodical material with web forms of online calculation of individual tasks is a variant of modern universal online technology. This example combines a wide range of microprocessor gadgets and operating systems without restrictions.
 The calculations are presented in tabular format of the output of the entire volume of iterative calculations and graphical visualization of the results. Conclusions of calculations in a graphical format with scaling avoids conventionality or formal schematics in the process of analysis and conclusions about the results of the calculation.
 At each stage of using the web form, the size, size and format of data entry are controlled. The main purpose of the implementation of an interactive web form with the conclusion of scaled visualization of the results of calculations - to bring conditional learning examples to real practical calculations.

Digital Text Comprehension: How to Keep it on Track with Self-Regulated Learning?

The era of technology brings some changes including the involvement of technology in the classroom. Among of them are reading comprehension activities. With the existence of texts in the internet, digital reading becomes a new literacy form in the learning process. Guided activities are considered important to help students deal with digital reading well. This study aims to propose activities based on Self-Regulated Learning strategy to be integrated with digital reading to keep the activities on track. This is a case study involving survey design and in-depth interview. A questionnaire was distributed to lecturers to assess how they conduct their reading classes with digital reading inside. The results can be arranged into 3 phases; Forethought and Planning phase, Monitoring phase, and Self-Reflected phase. It is important to give students time limitation to help them set their goal of learning. The monitoring of the activities can be reported in form of blog entry or on digital classroom or learning management system developed by institutions. The selfreflection can be conducted by asking students to retell the text they have read, the difficulties found and how they overcome the problems in form of podcast entry. Having these activities will help students to get involved more in various forms of technologies assisting them in learning process. These activities highlight the importance of guidance and instructions given by lecturers despite the involvement of technology and independence in learning.

ЛІНГВОСТИЛІСТИЧНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ІНТЕРНЕТ-КОМЕНТАРІВ НІМЕЦЬКОМОВНИХ НАУКОВО-ПОПУЛЯРНИХ БЛОГІВ

In recent decades Internet communication has aroused great interest among specialists in the humanities, as evidenced by the fact that large number of works are performed on the material of different languages. The urgency of the research is caused by the need of linguistic and stylistic characteristics of Internet comments in German popular science blogs as one of the most popular genres of Internet communication. The research objective is to establish a genre model for constructing and describing of Internet comments in Internet communication. The object of our research is a German popular science blog. It is usually personal and multimedia in nature and can be both standalone and located on a particular blog platform, which greatly simplifies the authors of the blog, firstly, its creation and editing, and secondly, attracts the reader. Our analysis revealed the metatextual nature of Internet comments, which manifests itself depending on the source text in the form of a blog entry. Comments are a secondary speech genre, peripheral to the central genre – blogging. Analysis of the linguistic and stylistic characteristics of Internet comments allowed to establish: its syntactic features (most often the use of complex causes, additional, definite, complex, interrogative and exclamatory sentences); its lexical features (saturation with scientific terms, Latinisms, English loan words, abbreviations and acronyms).

In Awe of God, Nature and Technology: A Lexical Approach to the Differentiation of Emotional Responses

This article investigates typical usage patterns of the word awe in the English language and how it is related to psychology to depict specific lexical representation of emotions. Contextual analysis of the corpus data revealed inconsistencies in the lexicographic description of awe, regarded by most dictionaries as monosemous. Using linguistic tools of analysis, a functional classification of awe experiences in English-speaking culture was created in the form of a dictionary entry for the word awe. The analysis demonstrates that awe has a threefold sense structure based on two major distinctions: 1) evaluative attitudes of the perceiving self (ambivalent, positive, negative) and 2) vastness of perceived stimulus (transcendental vs mundane). The established collocational patterns suggest that cases exist of purely negative transcendence described by the word awe as it is largely overlooked by modern psychological studies because of prescriptive research designs. Therefore, the descriptive tools of lexical analysis might better be considered for improved differentiation of the emotional states as highlighted in typical collocational patterns of natural language. Keywords: archetype; awe; corpus analysis; lexicography; transcendental experience

Understanding gateway to medicine programmes.

Supporting underrepresented groups in pursuing, applying and matriculating into medical education is a key issue in the field. In the United Kingdom, Gateway to Medicine programmes were created as a specific form of entry to medical education, to support diversification goals. Whilst well-established, how these programmes are broadly designed and implemented, and how their functioning links to conceptual views of diversity, is not well described in the literature. This article explores relevant diversity-related literature, including a specific review of all Gateway programmes. Key facets of diversity-related work in medicine, including the distinction between 'widening participation' and 'widening access' are discussed. These distinctions frame the presentation of Gateway years; their selection process, structure and function are described. The purpose of these years is then discussed, with the lens of different discourses around diversity in medicine, to provide theoretical and practical considerations. Recommendations for how faculty can better explore diversity-related issues are also provided. Gateway programmes may be effective, to some extent, in widening access to medical education, but require considerable resourcing to operate. Though heterogenous in nature, these programmes share common elements. However, discourses around the goals and purpose of this diversification vary based on individuals and institutions. These varied perspectives, as well as the societal and historical implications of diversity-related work, are important for all clinical educators to understand with depth, and address directly, in order to reduce inequalities both within medical education and society at large.

Minimally invasive (mini-thoracotomy) versus median sternotomy in redo mitral valve surgery: A meta-analysis of observational studies.

Redo mitral valve surgery has traditionally been performed via a median sternotomy. It is often challenging and is associated with increased perioperative mortality. Advances in cardiac surgical techniques over the last two decades have led to an increase in the use of a minimally invasive approach via a right anterolateral mini-thoracotomy as opposed to a repeat median sternotomy. However, despite these advances, there is no general consensus on the best form of entry, and as of yet, there are no randomized controlled trials. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to aid in determining the best approach for redo mitral valve surgery. The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were conducted up until 1 June 2020. Data regarding mortality, stroke, reoperation for bleeding and length of hospital stay, wound infection and cardiopulmonary bypass time were extracted and submitted to a meta-analysis using random effects modelling and the I2-test for heterogeneity. Seven retrospective observational studies were included, enrolling a total of 1070 patients. There were a total of 1070 patients. Of these 364 had non-sternotomy approach compared with 707 patients who had median sternotomy. Further subgroup analysis revealed that 327 of the 364 patients had a mini-thoracotomy approach while the remaining 37 patients had a full thoracotomy approach. In-hospital mortality and length of stay were less in non-sternotomy group compared to median sternotomy group. There were no differences in stroke, CPB time and wound infections between the two groups. Redo mitral valve surgery can be performed safely with satisfactory outcomes via a mini-thoracotomy approach. This meta-analysis shows comparable results with reduced in-hospital mortality and hospital length of stay with a mini-thoracotomy approach.

Development of Adaptive Class Assessment Based on Learning Management System for Electrical Engineering Expertise Program in Vocational School

This study aims to develop a classroom assessment tool that can be used in LMS-based adaptive assessment and test the appropriateness of the classroom assessment tool. This research is development research. The development research model used is the scale construction process with the following steps: articulate construct and context, choose response format and assemble initial item pool, collect data from respondents, examine psychometric properties and quality so that a final scale is obtained. Respondents of this study were experts who assessed the validation and students of the Vocational High School of Electrical Power Installation Engineering Expertise. The data analysis technique used is instrument analysis using classical test theory and descriptive statistics. The results of the study are: the construct of selected class assessment tools is easy to implement in a computer program. Multiple choice questions with 5 alternative answers. The attitude questionnaire is made in the form of a case assessment with 4 alternative answers, while the observation guidelines are made in the form of a short entry with numbers between 1 and 4. The questions developed have 60 items. Items with less validity are 0, moderate there are 55, and high is 5 with Alpha reliability of 0.934. The attitude questionnaire developed consists of 8 items. The items with less validity are 0, 6, and 2 with high Alpha reliability of 0.731. The observation guide developed contains 16 points of observation. Items with less validity are 0, the medium is 15, and high is 1.

Does Envelopment Through Data Advantage Call for New Regulation?

Envelopment is an effective form of market entry that facilitates competition among platforms. Nevertheless, many commentators have focused on the anticompetitive potential of envelopment, and some have argued for regulation of platforms because of that concern. These calls for regulation are not supported by robust formal analysis or comprehensive empirical evidence. We analyze a visible recent contribution by Condorelli and Padilla (2020a,b) and explain why the model that they put forward is not ripe for policy advice in relation to concerns with envelopment.

THE PARADIGM OF MICRO ENTERPRISES AS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ENTERPRISES IN PAKISTAN (CASE STUDY: PESHAWAR URBAN MARKET)

Micro enterprise in Pakistani cities is a survival economy for those who do not have a chance to enter the labor market as well as for those who desire to shape their destiny as an entrepreneur. In the last century, access to economic life through microenterprises was possible even without or at a very low level of training. In today’s world of specialization where micro enterprise not only play significant role in the form of entry to business world but also prove to serve as input provider to small, middle and large scale enterprises, and in addition to this micro enterprises have also become capable of innovation. In this context micro enterprises have started providing training and skill to the new entrants in the form of apprenticeship because hiring of skilled labor increases per unit cost of production. Hence training, apprentice and production of skilled labor at micro enterprises have not only strengthened the role of micro enterprises as a factor for economic development, but have also become an effective tool for social institutions. Hence this research is carried out with the objective to determine the role of micro enterprises in economic development and to assess the apprenticeship at micro enterprises as social institutionalization. Data was collected from micro enterprises about the indicator of economic success and target group for social institutionalization were apprentice working at micro enterprises in Peshawar. The analyzed data showed significant contributions of micro enterprises both in economic development and social institutionalization.