Draft Form Research Articles

Ahlak Okuryazarlığı Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Son yıllarda eğitim sistemleri ve öğretim programlarının genel amaçlarında birtakım değişimler ortaya çıkmış, bu kapsamda beceri temelli yeni yaklaşımlar benimsenmiştir. Bu bağlamda öğretim programlarında anadili, fen ve matematik okuryazarlığı, kültürlerarası okuryazarlık gibi beceri alanlarına yönelik öğretim çıktıları dikkat çekmektedir. Bunun yanında vatandaşlık eğitiminin vazgeçilmez bir parçasını oluşturan ahlak eğitiminde ahlak okuryazarlığı kavramı önde gelen tartışma konularından birisini oluşturmaktadır. 
 Ahlak okuryazarlığı, kendi ahlaki değerleri üzerinde düşünme, çeşitli seçeneklerin olası sonuçlarını ve bunların etkilerini belirleme, hangi seçeneğin kişinin değerleriyle uyumlu olduğu konusunda mantıklı kararlar verme, değerleriyle tutarlı hareket etme, kendi eylemlerinin sorumluluğunu almayı kapsayan temel bir beceriyi ifade eder. Nancy Tuana tarafından kavramsallaştırılan ahlak okuryazarlığı, ahlaki ahlaki duyarlılık, ahlaki muhakeme becerileri ve ahlaki imgelem olmak üzere üç temel öğeden ve bunların altında yer alan üç alt beceriden oluşur. Söz konusu beceriler genel itibariyle ahlaki karar verme sürecini yöneten düşünsel becerileri kapsar. 
 Bu çalışma Tuana’nın teorisinden hareketle geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmeyi hedeflemiştir. Keşfedici sıralı desene uygun olarak tasarlanan araştırma kapsamında ilgili literatür taranarak ahlak okuryazarlığına yönelik olarak gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar nitel veri analizi ile incelenmiştir. Teorik yapının netleştirilmesiyle birlikte ölçek geliştirme işlemine başlanmıştır. Ahlak okuryazarlığı ölçeği geliştirme çalışmasında şu aşamalar izlenmiştir: i. Madde havuzunun oluşturulması, ii. Kapsam geçerliliğinin yapılması, iii. Taslak formun gözden geçirilerek son halinin verilmesi, iv. Ölçeğin uygulanması, v. Madde analizleri, yapı geçerliliği ve güvenilirlik analizlerinin yapılması, vi. Alt ölçekler arasındaki korelasyon ve toplam puanın incelenmesi, vii. Ölçeğe son halinin verilerek raporlanması.
 Birinci aşamada 27 maddeden oluşan taslak form için, beş alan uzmanı ve bir dil uzmanından görüş alınmış, alan uzmanlarının önerileri doğrultusunda 1 madde teorik yapıyla uyumlu olmaması nedeniyle ölçekten çıkarılmış ve bunun yerine kapsama uygun olacağı düşünülen 1 madde daha eklenmiştir. Değişikliklerle nihai hali verilen taslak form, 2018-2019 eğitim yılı güz döneminde Eskişehir Osmangazi ve Anadolu Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim gören 653 üniversite öğrencisine uygulanmıştır. Verilerin bilgisayara girilmesi aşamasında özenli işaretlenmediği görülen ve güvenilir bulunmayan 88 veri analiz dışında bırakılmıştır. Ölçeğin madde analizlerinde korelasyon katsayıları 0.35’ten düşük olması nedeniyle 3 madde kapsam dışında bırakılmış ve yapı geçerliğine geçilmiştir. 
 Açımlayıcı faktör analizinde de .40’tan düşük değer alan ve binişiklik gösteren 7 madde daha analizden çıkarılmıştır. Bu işlemden sonra yapılan faktör analizi sonucunda 5 faktör ve 20 maddeden oluşan bir yapı elde edilmiştir. Güvenilirlik analizi sonucunda ölçeğin tamamının yüksek güvenilirliğe sahipken alt boyutların orta ve düşük güvenilirlik düzeylerine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi ile elde edilen yapının doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile test edilmesi sonucunda doğrulandığı da tespit edilmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizine göre ise ortaya çıkan yapının iyi uyum gösterdiği görülmüştür. Ölçeğin alt boyutları arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde, alt boyutlar arasında orta düzeyde anlamlı pozitif bir ilişki bulunduğu ve ölçeğin ahlak okuryazarlığı becerisine yönelik tutumlar için toplam puan elde edilebileceği ifade edilebilir. Sonuç olarak gerçekleştirilen bu işlemler neticesinde elde edilen ölçeğin, üniversite öğrencilerinin ahlak okuryazarlığı becerisine ilişkin tutumlarını güvenilir ve geçerli bir şekilde ölçebileceği söylenebilir.

Lessons learned from the CONCOR-1 trial.

Faced with an evolving pandemic and a lack of clarity of the role of convalescent plasma for patients with COVID-19, the CONCOR-1 trial was launched. In 14 months the trial was designed, launched, completed, and submitted for publication. In total, 72 sites in three countries served by four blood suppliers randomised 940 patients. Many enablers facilitated the trial including: three study principal investigators to distribute the trial workload, diverse steering committee members, an international data safety monitoring committee, multiple statisticians and methodologists, virtual meeting platforms, REDCap data platform, pausing of non-COVID-19 trials, rapid approval pathways for institutional review boards and regulators, centralised institutional review boards in many locations, restriction of use of convalescent plasma to trial participants and the incredible dedication by research personnel. In future pandemics, we need to be prepared for rapid launch of trials. The protocols, consent forms, data collection tools, and procedures need to be in draft form ready for use at all times. We were well-prepared for blood shortages but should have anticipated the need to conduct trials with convalescent plasma. In this short article, we detail our lessons learned to inform researchers faced with the next pandemic pathogen.

Orienting Ordered Scaffolds: Complexity and Algorithms

Despite the recent progress in genome sequencing and assembly, many of the currently available assembled genomes come in a draft form. Such draft genomes consist of a large number of genomic fragments (scaffolds), whose order and/or orientation (i.e., strand) in the genome are unknown. There exist various scaffold assembly methods, which attempt to determine the order and orientation of scaffolds along the genome chromosomes. Some of these methods (e.g., based on FISH physical mapping, chromatin conformation capture, etc.) can infer the order of scaffolds, but not necessarily their orientation. This leads to a special case of the scaffold orientation problem (i.e., deducing the orientation of each scaffold) with a known order of the scaffolds. We address the problem of orientating ordered scaffolds as an optimization problem based on given weighted orientations of scaffolds and their pairs (e.g., coming from pair-end sequencing reads, long reads, or homologous relations). We formalize this problem using notion of a scaffold graph (i.e., a graph, where vertices correspond to the assembled contigs or scaffolds and edges represent connections between them). We prove that this problem is NP-hard, and present a polynomial-time algorithm for solving its special case, where orientation of each scaffold is imposed relatively to at most two other scaffolds. We further develop an FPT algorithm for the general case of the OOS problem.

Development of self-efficacy scale of differentiated instruction for teachers

The purpose of this research is to develop a scale to determine teachers' self-efficacy levels regarding differentiated instruction. To create the item pool, the first 61 item draft form was prepared. This draft form was submitted to the opinion of experts from different fields and necessary corrections were made. Before starting the analysis process, the data were numbered and transferred to the computer environment. Persons to participate in the study were selected by simple random sampling. The sample of the research consists of 572 teachers. During the analysis of the data, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, it was seen that the scale consisted of 27 items and six factors. The factors of the scale are named as "Teaching Process, Content, Learning Profile, Readiness, Assessment and Learning Environment". The fit indices obtained from the confirmatory analysis showed that the model was sufficient. The Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was found to be .92. From these results, it was concluded that the differentiated instruction self-efficacy scale for teachers is a valid and reliable measurement tool.

The Effectiveness of the Entrepreneurship MBKM Lecture Model: Alternatives to Improve Student Creativity Competencies during the Pandemic Covid-19

This study aims to produce an effective Entrepreneurship MBKM model in increasing student creativity by producing lecture outputs by students in the form of business plan drafts, startups, and entrepreneurship PkM proposals. The MBKM Entrepreneurship model used is said to be effective if there is an increase in creativity competence and it produces lecture outputs by students which are statistically significant and the average n-gain is at least in the moderate category. The research design in this study used a pre-experiment with a one group pre-test and post-test design. The research subjects were 30 students of Unesa physics in the 2021/2022 academic year. The instrument used in this research is a creativity assessment to assess student portfolio results. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and N-gain to see the increase in creativity. The results showed that there was a difference in creativity before and after the model was applied and a significant increase in student creativity and the average N-gain increase in student creativity in the medium criteria. In addition, students are able to produce creative products in the form of business plan drafts, startups, and entrepreneurship PkM proposals with a minimum score of B+.

Reducing opioid prescribing on discharge after orthopedic surgery: Does a guideline improve opioid prescribing practice?

To investigate adherence to discharge advice in a prescription opioid prescribing guideline (GL) post-orthopedic surgery. The guideline in draft form was introduced in February 2018. To assess longer-term adherence to discharge advice and to understand which components of that advice were adhered to, regular audits of discharge prescribing were performed after formal GL launch in February 2019, a year after the draft of the GL had been available. The post-GL audit was conducted for three months (March to May 2019) and results reviewed. When these audit results showed a need for improvement in prescribing practice, a 1-month education "booster" named prescription opioid practice improvement safe opioid supply (POPI SOS) took place. Audits for a further 3 months (July to Sept 2019) were then carried out to ascertain whether the additional effort improved adherence to the guideline. On average, adherence to all elements of the guideline was low at only 23.1 percent at 12 months post-draft GL and 1 month after its formal launch. After POPI SOS, a statistically significant improvement was achieved with an average increase in adherence to 52.5 percent (ρ < 0.001). Greatest improvement was seen in the percentage of patients discharged with an opioid plan included in the discharge summary, increasing from 35.8 to 77.7 percent (ρ < 0.001). The second significant improvement observed was in the supply of opioids being limited to four days or less, an increase from 38.1 to 61.9 percent (ρ < 0.001). Introduction of the guideline was not sufficient to promote sustained change in practice. Ongoing monitoring and education were required for its implementation. These findings highlight that comprehensive, locally adapted, evidence-based opioid stewardship is needed to increase the safety of patients and the community in relation to opioid therapy.

Investigation of the Approaches to The Near-Death Experiences in Patients Returning to Life After Cardiac Arrest: A Qualitative Study

Objectıves: Patients with cardiac arrest (CA) who undergo cardiopulmonary resuscitation may experience cognitive processes, and some may accurately describe the events experienced during the arrest, indicating the presence of consciousness. The aim of this study was to investigate the approaches to near death experiences in patients who returned to life after cardiac arrest. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in qualitative type. The sample consisted of 12 patients hospitalized in the cardiology intensive care clinics of a private hospital who were arrested and returned to life with successful resuscitation. Purposeful sampling method was used in sample selection. The reason for these clinics is that one of the researchers is working at this institution and has successfully resuscitated these patients and returned them to life. Data were collected between March and May 2019 by face-to-face interview method. In-depth interview; Key questions determined by literature review and expert opinion and forms containing guiding questions for each key question were used. These forms were Semi-Structured Questionnaire, Individual Information Form and Informing and Consent Form. Two academicians and one specialist physician were interviewed on the draft form based on the literature, meaning disorders and deficiencies were resolved. Interviews were held in the meeting room of the hospital. Each of the interviews lasted approximately 40-50 minutes and was terminated after the interviews were continued by both participants and researchers until there was no more information available. Interview; On the basis of confidentiality, participants were given a code (Code: K.1, E.1) and audio recording was taken. The data obtained from the interviews were transferred from the voice recorder to the computer. Coding-based content analysis was used for data analysis. In this analysis, similar data were classified under certain concepts and themes and interpreted in a comprehensible manner. Frequency and percentages of individual information were calculated and expressed. The data obtained were reported in detail and the validity of the study was ensured by direct quotations. Results: According to the findings of the study, 75% of the participants were male, the average age was 63, 50% were university graduates, as religious tendency, 41.7% Deist and 50% as religious. 75% of the respondents evaluated this as a death experience. When the answers given by the participants to the interview questions were examined in general, it was determined that there was “a feeling of relaxation and serenity”, “time passed rapidly, light emitted from a deep darkness”, “pain and pain were not felt”, and the happiness of returning to life for a second time was very valuable. Conclusion: In this study where the experience of approaching the threshold of dying was examined in those who returned to life after cardiac arrest, most of the participants stated that they accepted this process as a “death experience.. In addition, the forms and expressions of the interviewed patients describing the events they experienced during the cardiac arrest process indicate the presence of consciousness; The feeling of peace, from a deep darkness to light with expressions were identified. In addition to repeating the study with a larger sample, it is recommended that health professionals involved in the arrest process be informed about this issue.

Old but Gold: Secondary School Students’ Communication Attitude Scale

Communication as a skill is not something new; however, it has become much more important than ever before as the way and with whom we communicate have changed. That is why educators need to have valid and reliable tools to understand how this skill is perceived by students. This study aims to provide a valid and reliable secondary school students’ communication attitude scale (SSSCAS). A draft form for the scale was prepared with 32 items depending on the relevant literature and reviewed by experts in the field. The revised form was applied to 397 students at a state secondary school in Aksaray city of Turkey in the 2020-2021 academic year. First, explanatory factor analysis that tests construct validity was carried out and three items were extracted from further analysis due to insufficient factor loadings. The remaining 29 items are placed under four sub-dimensions called openness to communication, body language and preferences, self-confidence, and obstacles. The structure was tested through confirmatory factor analysis and the validity of the scale with the four sub-dimensions was found to be appropriate. The Cronbach’s alpha values of all sub-dimensions and the scale were above the required level. As a result, the developed scale is a valid and reliable scale to assess communication attitudes of secondary school students.

Appetite suppressant approved by NICE for patients with obesity

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has confirmed draft guidance recommending the use of semaglutide, an appetite suppressant, for overweight and obese adults in the UK. The guidance, first published in draft form on 8 February 2022, recommends that semaglutide (Wegovy; Novo Nordisk) should be funded by the NHS and used as […]

Navigating Environmental Approval Pathways for Deep Seabed Mining Projects in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (the Area)

Abstract Deep-seabed mining (DSM) is a developing industry with high potential to help meet the metal demand for the transition to a renewable energy world. No DSM projects have yet received environmental approval, although several are in progress, following the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) process that has been developed and widely applied for projects in national jurisdictions. Currently, the International Seabed Authority's (ISA) regulations, standards, and guidelines for mineral exploitation of seabed minerals in the Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (the Area) are in draft form. Proponents are guided in their ESIA studies by the ISA's Recommendations for the Guidance of Contractors for the Assessment of the Possible Environmental Impacts Arising From Exploration for Marine Minerals in the Area and are proceeding in expectation that the currently draft regulations will be finalized by the time an environmental impact statement can be submitted. This paper discusses the pathways leading to environmental assessment and approvals, comparing the processes in national jurisdictions with those for projects in the Area.

The genome sequence of the Australian filarial nematode, Cercopithifilaria johnstoni.

We present a genome assembly and annotation of an individual female Cercopithifilaria johnstoni, a parasitic filarial nematode that is transmitted by hard ticks (Ixodidae) to infect a broad range of native Australian murid and marsupial hosts. The genome sequence is 76.9 Mbp in length, and although in draft form (N50 = 99 kbp, N50[n] = 232), is largely complete based on universally conserved orthologs (BUSCOs; genome = 94.9%, protein = 96.5%) and relative to other related filarial species. These data represent the first genomic resources for the genus Cercopithifilaria, a group of parasites with a broad host range, and form the basis for comparative analysis with the human-infective parasite, Onchocerca volvulus, both of which are responsible for similar eye and skin pathologies in their respective hosts.

Copyright Protection for The Works of Sae Lecturers and Students in The Creative Media Field in The Instant Gratification Era

The protection of ideas or creativity on the work, especially the work of students and lecturers in the creative media field is still not maximized. This can be seen from the rampant piracy of works in the music, information technology, publishing, film, and animation industries. In addition, there are still other problems such as plagiarism of written works, and licensing, especially for the music, photography, and information technology industries. Therefore, it is necessary to have a regulation related to the protection of the works of lecturers and students. The author uses the Normative Juridical research method. The results of the study indicate that the era of instant gratification that was born from technological advances can also have positive and negative impacts, and the protection of the works of lecturers and students who have not been commercialized and are still in the form of drafts that need to be developed further (not yet real) is still not maximized.

Copyright Protection for The Works of Sae Lecturers and Students in The Creative Media Field in The Instant Gratification Era

The protection of ideas or creativity on the work, especially the work of students and lecturers in the creative media field is still not maximized. This can be seen from the rampant piracy of works in the music, information technology, publishing, film, and animation industries. In addition, there are still other problems such as plagiarism of written works, and licensing, especially for the music, photography, and information technology industries. Therefore, it is necessary to have a regulation related to the protection of the works of lecturers and students. The author uses the Normative Juridical research method. The results of the study indicate that the era of instant gratification that was born from technological advances can also have positive and negative impacts, and the protection of the works of lecturers and students who have not been commercialized and are still in the form of drafts that need to be developed further (not yet real) is still not maximized.

The genome sequence of the Australian filarial nematode, Cercopithifilaria johnstoni

We present a genome assembly and annotation of an individual femaleCercopithifilaria johnstoni, a parasitic filarial nematode that is transmitted by hard ticks (Ixodidae) to infect a broad range of native Australian murid and marsupial hosts. The genome sequence is 76.9 Mbp in length, and although in draft form (N50 = 99 kbp, N50[n] = 232), is largely complete based on universally conserved orthologs (BUSCOs; genome = 94.9%, protein = 96.5%) and relative to other related filarial species. These data represent the first genomic resources for the genusCercopithifilaria, a group of parasites with a broad host range, and form the basis for comparative analysis with the human-infective parasite,Onchocerca volvulus, both of which are responsible for similar eye and skin pathologies in their respective hosts.

Improving the quality of GP referrals to the Croydon Assessment &amp; Liaison Team

AimsTo increase the percentage of GP referrals to the Croydon Assessment &amp; Liaison (A&amp;L) Team deemed to be of ‘good quality’. The A&amp;L Team receives a large number of referrals daily from GPs, and it was identified that many of these referrals did not include important and relevant information, leading to delays in patient assessments.MethodA questionnaire was distributed to A&amp;L MDT members to collect information about what information they consider important in a GP referral. The project team reviewed the results of the questionnaire, along with current policies and guidelines, to create a set of criteria by which to assess the quality of GP referrals, as there was no pre-existing gold standard available. A random sample of 6 GP referrals per week stratified by locality was collected and assessed against these criteria.Using Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) methodology change ideas were generated, and a GP referral form was identified as an important intervention to adopt. A previously-developed draft form was updated after a round of consultations with various stakeholders including Assessment &amp; Liaison staff, GPs and the CCG. The new GP referral form was uploaded to the GP DSX electronic referrals platform and GP practices were also emailed directly to encourage them to use the new form.The proportion of GP referrals deemed to be of good quality was compared pre and post-intervention. Uptake of the new GP referral form was recorded as a process measure, and the length of time taken to discuss referrals at A&amp;L daily referrals meetings as a counterbalance measure.ResultAt baseline 33% of GP referrals were deemed to be of good quality using the developed criteria. This improved to 58% after implementation of the new referral form in January 2021. There was poor overall uptake of the form, with only 32.5% of GP referrals utilising the new form so far, however of the referrals received on the new form 69% fulfilled the criteria for good quality. Comparison of length of discussion required for referrals with and without the new form showed no significant difference (7.7 and 7.6 minutes respectively).ConclusionImplementation of a standardised GP referral form was effective at increasing the proportion of referrals deemed to be of good quality. However, further PDSA cycles focused on improving uptake of the form will be required.

WEB 2.0 TOOLS AWARENESS SCALE DEVELOPMENT STUDY

In this study, it was aimed to develop a valid and reliable "Awareness Scale for Web 2.0 Tools". The research sample consists of 310 secondary school students studying in the 2020-2021 academic year. An in-depth literature review was carried out for the scale aimed to be developed. As a result of the literature review, a draft scale form consisting of 70 statements was prepared. The draft form created was presented to the opinions of field experts and reduced to 54 statements in line with their opinions. The draft scale form, which was controlled by teachers and language experts, was piloted and finalized, and then applied. The analysis of the obtained data was carried out by using SPSS and Lisrel statistics programs. With the construct validity of the scale, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis; Its reliability was demonstrated by analysis based on Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient. As a result of the exploratory factor analyzes, the scale, which has a structure of 27 items in total with 3 factors, was examined as a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, and the 3-factor structure was verified. The Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.929 and it was found to be highly reliable. Within the framework of the research, a 5-point Likert-type "Awareness Scale for Web 2.0 Tools" consisting of 27 items with 3 factors has been introduced for middle school students. As a result, it has been determined that the Awareness Scale for Web 2.0 Tools, which has been developed, is a scale with proven validity and reliability that can be applied to middle school students. Keywords: Web 2.0 tools, awareness,scale development, secondary school students

The Role of Patient-reported Outcomes and Medication Adherence Assessment in Patient-focused Drug Development for Solid Organ Transplantation.

The Role of Patient-reported Outcomes and Medication Adherence Assessment in Patient-focused Drug Development for Solid Organ Transplantation.

Turkish Teacher Candidates’ Self-Efficacies to Use Listening Strategies Scale: A Validity and Reliability Study

This study aimed to develop Turkish Teacher Candidates’ Self-Efficacies to Use Listening Strategies Scale. Therefore, the study was designed in sequential explanatory design, and sequential timing has been followed. First, the interview study was conducted with 40 participants, and the qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. Subsequently, an item pool was designed via the findings obtained from the qualitative findings and literature review. Afterward, the draft form was applied to Turkish teacher candidates and 345 valid forms were obtained. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis conducted for the data obtained, we determined that the items were collected in four factors in total. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated as .927 for the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed in the last stage, and finally, we found that all factors are statistically significant and the obtained model has a good fit. In addition, we determined that the qualitative findings have chronological categorization and the quantitative findings have thematical categorization. This means that thematic categorization to the listening strategies can be more appropriate for listening skills. Consequently, the scale can be used in determining the self-efficacy perceptions of Turkish teacher candidates to use listening strategies. Furthermore, the scale can contribute to similar studies in the literature.

Developing the Scale of Parental Participation in Care: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Examining the Scale’s Psychometric Properties

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to develop the Scale of Parental Participation in Care: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and to examine the Scale’s psychometric properties. MethodsThe draft scale’ items were created through relevant literature reviews, focus group interviews with nurses, and content validity evaluations by experts. Study data were collected in the neonatal intensive care unit of a public hospital in Turkey from June 2019 to February 2020. The study participants were comprised of 205 parents with an infant in the neonatal intensive care unit. The Scale’s content validity and construct validity were evaluated to determine the validity of the scale. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, item-total score correlations, and intraclass correlation were calculated to evaluate the Scale’s reliability. ResultsContent validity index values of the draft form of the scale ranged from 0.93 to 1.00. The final scale consisted of 18 items. From the exploratory factor analysis, it was found that the scale structure comprised a single factor that accounted for 51.92% of the total variance. Concerning the reliability of the Scale, it was calculated that Cronbach’s alpha level was 0.93; item total correlations ranged from 0.48 to 0.78; intraclass correlation level was 1.000. ConclusionIt was found that the Parental Participation in Care Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit was valid and reliable in this sample.

Knowledge of Diabetic Patients about their Disease Status at Selected Sub-metropolitan of Nepal

Aims: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder, the effective management of which requires not only medication use but also patient diabetes knowledge for adopting necessary daily lifestyle changes. Those with better knowledge of diabetes management are expected to maintain well glycemic control. The aim of the study is to identify the extent of diabetes-related knowledge among people living with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out under the supervision of OPJS University and a field study was carried out in selected sub-metropolitan cities of Nepal from September 2019 to June 2020. Methodology: A simple random sampling technique was used comprising a structured questionnaire to examine the knowledge and practices of diabetes among 415 participants. This study reports the psychometric properties of the 24-items version of the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire which was already validated and used by the various researchers. However, to provide content validity, the draft form of the items will be again examined by one specialist in the subject. Descriptive statistics along with inferential statistics were calculated and a p<0.05 was considered significant for data analysis. Results: More than half 222(53.5%) of the male participants have poor glycemic control and 14% of them were obese. The results of the present study revealed that there was a significant relationship between the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire and basic information, glycemic control and prevention of complications. Conclusions: Based on the findings, the study concluded that there are many barriers to achieving glycemic control, the most significant barrier was found to be inadequate knowledge and understanding about diabetes mellitus among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.