Forestry Programs Research Articles

Analysis of Factors Influencing Community Participation in Sustainable Forest Management in BKPH Mojorayung, Madiun

The success of sustainable forest management is inseparable from community participation as the leading actor in the Social Forestry Program. Various factors, including internal factors from the community and external factors, affect the participation of the community. Factors impacting community participation in sustainable forest management were analyzed in this study. The study was conducted at BKPH Mojorayung, KPH Madiun, East Java Regional Division Perum Perhutani, from April to June 2022, using a survey method with 242 randomly selected respondents. Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis was conducted with the SmartPLS software. Based on the results, it was found that three factors impact the community's participation in forest management: the empowerment process accuracy, the role of community empowerment workers, and the support of group leaders. The characteristics of the communities around the forest did not affect community participation in forest management. Community participation also affects the sustainability of forests.

The Role of the Matahari Women's Group in Forest Area Management through the Village Forest Scheme in the Social Forestry Program in Sekabuk Village, Sadaniang District, Mempawah Regency.

This study aims to determine the role of Sekabuk Village women's involvement in managing forest areas through the Social Forestry Program (PS). The method used in this study is a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. The data source in the study was obtained through semi-structural, in-depth interviews with 7 key informants, which were determined through purposive sampling techniques. The writing of this thesis aims to provide an understanding of the implementation of social forestry programs involving the role of women in Sekabuk Village. The problem of the lack of involvement of women in resource management around the area that occurs in Sekabuk Village is quite interesting to study, considering that most of the Sekabuk Village area is a forest area. Based on the research conducted, the participation of women in Sekabuk Village was obtained through granting forest management rights by issuing group decrees, increasing women's capacity by providing training, developing forest-based economic businesses for women's groups, providing women's empowerment in forest area management, and conducting supervision and evaluation. So, the role of Sekabuk Village women in playing an active role in forest area management was revealed.

Promoting smart agroforestry of sengon-based arrowroot and cardamom to support food security

The forest land has great potential to provide food and also contributes to achieving Indonesia’s forest and other land uses (FOLU) Net Sink 2030, as a concrete contribution of the forestry sector to addressing national and global needs, which can be done by promoting smart agroforestry. This research aims to provide smart agroforestry model of sengon (Falcataria moluccana) with arrowroot and cardamom, to analyze the sengon growth, the arrowroot and cardamom biomass productivities under the agroforestry models. The split-plot design was employed with six cropping pattern as the main plot, in three agroforestry models (sengon-arrowroot; sengon-cardamom; sengon-arrowroot-cardamom) and three monoculture plots, and three levels of the dosage of manure as subplots (0; 250; 500 g). The results showed that higher growth of sengon was found in the three agroforestry models (3.0-3.5 m3.ha−1) compared to monoculture (2.1 m3.ha−1). The highest dry weight of leaf, stem, root, tuber, fruit bunch and total biomass of arrowroot and cardamom was produced in the monoculture. These agroforestry models have the potential to support food security and Indonesia’s FOLU Net Sink 2030, which will be prospective mainstreaming in implementing Social Forestry programs.

Management of coffee agroforestry systems: lessons learned from a social forestry program in West Java, Indonesia

Indonesia has a long history of social forestry (SF). The essence of this scheme is to involve the community in managing state forests. The agroforestry system is the main choice, with trees already on forest land. The combination of trees and crops provides an alternative livelihood for the community. Coffee plants are one of the choices for undergrowth plants. This study aims to explain the management of coffee agroforestry in social forestry programs. The method used was direct observation in the field combined with a focus group discussion involving six Forest Village Community Institutions (LMDH) with 15 respondents for each LMDH. The results showed that farmers mainly chose coffee because it was shade-tolerant, allowing it to grow well under tree stands. Coffee management in SF with an agroforestry system differs from a monoculture cultivation system in terms of spacing, number of coffee plants per hectare, land preparation techniques, planting, maintenance, and productivity. The government can encourage the management of coffee agroforestry systems in state forests through social forestry schemes by providing training and facilities to increase the added value of coffee in advanced products, providing access to production facilities, capital, and markets, and institutionally strengthening farmer groups.

The potency of coffee plants in agroforestry system in Baringin Village, Agam Regency, West Sumatra to support social forestry program and its contribution to mitigate climate change

This study investigates the viability of coffee agroforestry systems in supporting Indonesia’s Social Forestry Program and contributing to climate change mitigation efforts. Conducted in the KUPS Kopi Data Baringin management area of West Sumatra, this research assesses the potential of coffee cultivation within an agroforestry system in Baringin Village, Agam District. Data collection encompassed a comprehensive census for social and economic aspects and purposive sampling for vegetation analysis. Findings revealed a diverse range of 29 tree species from 16 families, alongside eight types of agricultural crops from five families. Tree species exhibited lower diversity and abundance indices, while herbaceous and shrub categories demonstrated moderate diversity. Notably, Coffea canephora, the coffee species, exhibited a carbon content of 3.49 tons per hectare, contributing to climate change mitigation efforts and functioning as a valuable CO2 equivalent sink estimated at approximately 13 tons per hectare. Furthermore, the adoption of coffee agroforestry systems resulted in a notable increase in monthly income for KUPS members. These findings underscore the potential of coffee agroforestry systems as a sustainable land-use practice, supporting the Social Forestry Program objectives and making substantial contributions to climate change mitigation in Indonesia’s forest and land management strategies.

Social Capital in Collective Action on Water Resources Management in Buleleng, Bali, Indonesia

Many studies have shown that community social capital supports sustainable natural resource management. This research demonstrates how social capital and collaborative management of the environment are related. The study was conducted in Bali's Buleleng Regency using a survey methodology. The study results show that people in eight villages are located in the "Den Bukit" area and carry out collective action "Atas Nama Air ."This collective action took place in the last year after strengthening social capital. Strengthening social capital is carried out by community leaders and supported by government intervention through the Social Forestry program. According to the findings of this study, it is suggested that community leaders' capacity and social capital, as well as government support for encouraging sustainable natural resource management, be strengthened.

Community Forest Program and Women Empowerment: A Study Gorkha District

Globalization has had a powerful impact on individuals and societies. Some have argued that Nepal entered the age of globalization only in the 1980—after Nepal began to liberalize rules of international trade. Globalization however, also began to impact individuals and societies in Nepal because of the expanding presence of international development agencies there. One such expansion of international agencies was in the community forestry sector. This paper explores how the internationally driven community forestry program in the Gorkha District of Nepal and the associated Community Forest User Group (CFUG) there, is empowering local women. Although forest conservation programs started from 1960s, the initiation of the community forestry program in 1993 helped convert the nationalized forests into community forests that were handed over to local communities. The shift of the ownership and management responsibility of local forests to the local community (CFUG) also shifted the privilege and power to the locals. The initial intent of the program was to protect forest and wildlife and mitigate the hazards caused by deforestation. In time, however, the program was expanded to the holistic development of the community, including the empowerment of women within such community.

Community livelihood assets of forest village management in Nanga Lauk Village, Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract. Roslinda E, Sabathino P, Pratama YA, Supriadi, Eva J. 2024. Community livelihood assets of forest village management in Nanga Lauk Village, Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 664-672. Village forest is a community-based forest management scheme in the social forestry program. At the same time, the management of village forest is local village communities that fulfill their daily needs by utilizing existing natural resources. Nanga Lauk Village Forest Management has successfully carried out activities on the social forestry program. This study aims to explain the livelihood system of the Nanga Lauk Village community to meet the family's living needs in managing the village forest. The study was conducted using a survey method in Nanga Lauk Village, Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, and the community was used as informants. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews guided by a list of questions, documentation, and a review of supporting literature. Data analysis was carried out descriptively, qualitatively and by Pentagon asset analysis. The assets owned by the people of the Nanga Lauk Village are resources of human, natural, financial, social, and physical. Natural and physical resources are the main assets used by society to meet life's needs, followed by social, human, and financial. So, the strategy that can be implemented is a consolidation based on socio-economic status. Meanwhile, based on activities to increase income, the community can apply livelihood strategies in agricultural sectors because of abundant natural resources. Skill training is needed for the community because a low level of human assets will shape the mindset of farmers regarding their inability to do other work on the side which should be able to improve their standard of living.

PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENGAJUAN PERHUTANAN SOSIAL SKEMA HUTAN DESA DI KAMPUNG KUADAS KECAMATAN MAKBON KABUPATEN SORONG

Background : Kuadas Village, located in Sorong Regency, is one of the villages selected by the Forest Area Management (KPH) of Sorong Regency through the Social Forestry Indicative Map (PIAPS) created by the Social Forestry and Environmental Partnership Center (BPSKL). It is proposed under the social forestry program with a village forest scheme and is currently facilitated by the NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) Fauna Flora Indonesia Program in the submission of the Social Forestry Village Forest Scheme. However, the issues faced by the surrounding village communities are usually related to social and economic aspects in managing the forest. Method: The researcher used 46 respondents as samples and conducted the study from June to July 2023 in Kuadas Village, Makbon District, Sorong Regency, using the Saturated Sampling technique. The data obtained were analyzed using the Likert Scale. Results: Three perception aspects were assessed, namely the Utilization and Level of Dependence on Forest Resources, Forest Sustainability, and Perception of Social Forestry. After calculating with the Likert Scale formula, it was found that the aspect of Social Forestry Perception received the highest score with a total of 1.175 and a percentage of 87.7%. Conclusion: The development of knowledge about community perceptions regarding the submission of the Social Forestry Village Forest Scheme can provide valuable information for readers, such as the village or others.

Analisis Efektifitas Lembaga Pengelola Hutan Nagari Dalam Mencapai Tujuan Program Perhutanan Sosial Dan Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhinya

His study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Nagari Forest Management Institution in achieving the objectives of the Social Forestry Program and examine the factors that influence the effectiveness of the Nagari Forest Management Institution in achieving the objectives of the Social Forestry Program. This research is a qualitative research using interviews, observations and FGDs to collect research data. The results of this study indicate that the Nagari Forest Management Institute in implementing the Social Forestry program from an ecological aspect has been effective, this can be seen from changes in the behavior of exploitative permit holders to care about forests, permit holders have played an active role in preserving and protecting forests, namely by planting replanting forest plants in agroforestry manner so as to have a positive impact on the environment in the form of maintaining water sources, uprooting critical land, conserving biodiversity, and reducing forest fires, so that forest sustainability is maintained. Furthermore, the Nagari Forest Management Agency in the economic aspect is considered ineffective because the social forestry program has not been able to increase the amount of production generated from business activities, the amount of net profit and business expansion and this program has not opened up many business opportunities for permit holders. Then the authors also found that not all of the Social Forestry Business Institutions formed at LPHN could operate and carry out transactions and the ability to access permit holders in marketing Non-Timber Forest Product products was also still low. The Nagari Forest Management Institution in the social aspect is also ineffective where the LPHN has not been able to increase the knowledge of permit holders, as seen from the lack of participation of LPHN members in every activity and the lack of strong institutional capacity. LPHN has also not been able to provide satisfaction to permit holders with the results achieved, and has not had an impact on farmers

Cultural Values and Behaviors of the Dayak and Malay Communities in the Social Forestry Program in Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan

This article explores the cultural values and behaviors of the Dayak and Malay communities in supporting the Social Forestry Program in the Northern Kapuas Hulu Forest Management Unit (FMU), Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan. The research aims to understand the cultural values and behaviors of the Dayak and Malay communities that can significantly contribute to the success of the social forestry program. The research method involves literature review and in-depth interviews with traditional community figures and experts in community engagement. The study was conducted under the Foreign Grant Project from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Data for the research was collected from 2021 to 2022. The main findings of this research include the necessity of high respect for the Dayak community's ancestors and an understanding of the key role of traditional figures in determining the program's success. The results of the social forestry program applications in three villages in Northern Kapuas Hulu FMU, including three schemes: Customary Forest, Village Forest, and Conservation Partnership, were approved covering a total of 16,031 Ha and benefiting 729 indigenous family households, including 228 women. The conclusion of this research highlights the importance of aligning social forestry schemes with community preferences and gaining full support from the Chief of the Adat. Intensive consultation processes are required to obtain community support, while a deep understanding of local culture and interaction with forest resources is crucial for success.

Potential development of non-timber forest products in the Sapat Village Forest Indragiri Hilir Regency

Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are an important source of livelihood and forest sustainability. Village Forest (VF) is a social forestry program that can help to promote NTFP development. This study aimed to assess the potential and strategies for NTFP product development in Sapat VF, Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia. Data were collected using observation, interviews, and literature review. Snowball sampling was used to select informants. SWOT analysis was used to assess the potential for NTFP product development. The results showed that Sapat VF has a high potential for NTFP product development, with a variety of NTFPs such as mangrove crabs, lokan, shrimp, nipah, mangrove fruit, nyirih fruit, and jeruju leaves. The community has a positive attitude towards protecting Sapat VF, as evidenced by their membership in the Supervisory Community Group (SCG). An aggressive strategy was used to develop NTFP products, which is a favorable situation because it has opportunities and strengths that can be exploited.

Revitalizing community forestry in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia: A property right perspective

Severe deforestation, land degradation, and the lack of forest products in Ethiopia have necessitated the implementation of a community forestry program since the 1980s by mobilizing the local communities. However, there have been incidents indicating that many of the community forests are either degrading or remaining unproductive. While community forests are, in principle, the collective property of the local community, empirical evidence concerning how property rights impact their management and their role in enhancing rural livelihoods and environmental rehabilitation is lacking. This study aims to investigate the performance of community forestry through the lens of property rights and tenure security, in order to uncover the challenges impeding community forestry in Ethiopia, with a focus on community forests in the Amhara Region. The study gathered primary data on community forest management from two community forests located in East Gojam and North Wollo, using questionnaires, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and field observations. Additionally, secondary data on legal frameworks were collected from institutions involved in community forestry. The data analysis employed descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The findings of the study revealed that a majority of respondents (91%) lacked clarity regarding the objectives of establishing community forests, and about 95% claimed that community forests belong to the state. These incidents have led to diminished interest in continuing the program. The study highlighted that the community forestry program suffers from inadequate policy and legal provisions, chronic institutional instability, overlapping mandates, and limited community engagement. These factors have weakened property rights, which are reflected in tenure insecurity and the absence of individual household benefit packages. Consequently, it can be concluded that community forest interventions have been promoted based on general belief in the importance of trees for rural livelihoods and ecosystem rehabilitation, rather than as part of a deliberate and directed policy and strategy. In summary, revitalizing community forestry in Ethiopia necessitates a thorough understanding of property rights and tenure security issues. In this regard, it is imperative for government agencies to enact a clear national strategy for community forestry development and adopt a supportive role to enable communities to establish robust community forestry institutions to safeguard their rights while fostering community forestry and environmental protection activities.

Total Phenolic and Starch Content of Arrowroot Tuber in The Agroforestry System

Indonesia's tropical forest management faces several challenges owing to the growing demand for forest resources and increasing population. The forestry sector plays a significant role in supporting food security programs by harnessing the potential of forest resources. One solution to sustainable forest management and optimal forest land use is agroforestry techniques. Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) is tolerant to heavy shade and is a promising functional food crop that can contribute to food security programs. Starch content in arrowroot tuber plays an important role in meeting nutritional requirements and overcoming several health problems. Arrowroot tubers also contain phenolic compounds, the largest group of compounds that act as natural antioxidants in plants. This study aimed to analyze the total phenolic and starch contents of arrowroot tubers cultivated in agroforestry systems. We used a Randomized Complete Block Design with a planting pattern as treatment for the species combinations of Falcataria moluccana + arrowroot (FA), F. moluccana + arrowroot + Amomum cardamomum (FAC), and monoculture arrowroot (MA) with three blocks/replications. The arrowroot tubers were harvested from nine-month-old plants and composite samples representing each treatment were analyzed for total phenolic and starch contents. The total phenolic content in the arrowroot tubers was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Starch content was measured using the Modified Somogyi method, which involves preparing reagents, followed by hydrolysis and the reducing sugar determination methods. The results revealed that the planting pattern significantly affected starch content. The highest starch content was observed in the MA pattern of 23.99%, followed by the FAC and FA planting patterns of 22.75% and 18.44%, respectively. The planting pattern did not significantly affect phenolic content. The MA, FAC, and FA patterns yielded the highest to lowest phenolic contents of 218.02, 212.62, and 210.04 µg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the planting pattern significantly affected the total phenolic of tuber yield per plant, with the highest value of 214.48 mg yielded by MA pattern. Thus, agroforestry practices can maintain the phenolic and starch content of arrowroot tubers. The development of arrowroot in agroforestry system will be prospective not only for meeting food demand, but also for supporting forestry multi-business and social forestry programs to achieve sustainable forest management.

Social Forestry for Community Wellfare and the Forest Sustainability

This article analyzes the Indonesian goverments program for the welfare of all Indonesian people, based on forest resource management, namely the social forestry program. In the concept of living as a state, the implementation of the social forestry program must bring the maximum benefit to the welfare of the community, in this case the community around the forest and also to the sustainability of the forest. The writing of this article uses a qualitative method by taking the research location in the jurisdiction of KPH Cianjur, BKPH Cianjur, KPH Puncak. The results showed that the social forestry program was very important to implement although there werestill some problems that needed to be corrected in practice in the field so that the social forestry program would bring the greatest benefit to the village community around the forest and the sustainability of the forest it self.Kata Kunci : perhutanan social, kesejahteraan masyarakat, kelestarian hutan

THE POTENTIAL OF CARDAMOM LEAF IN THE AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM: ESSENTIAL OIL YIELD AND 1.8-CINEOL CONTENT

Cardamom (Amomum cardamomum), the ‘Queen of spices’, is a native Indonesian spice, a type of potential biopharmaceutical currently prospective because of its high selling value, especially for its fruit, with various benefits and its wide use. So far, cardamom essential oil comes from the utilization of its fruit, but the production is more limited, unlike the sustainably produced leaves, therefore, its leaves have the potential to be developed. This study aims to analyze the essential oil yield and 1.8-cineol content of cardamom leaves essential oil (CLEO) grown in agroforestry systems. The CLEO was obtained by steam-water distillation, while the 1.8-cineol content was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The experimental design employed was a Randomized Complete Block Design with three cropping patterns as a treatment and three doses of bokashi fertilizer as blocks. The results showed that the highest yield of CLEO was generated in the sengon + cardamom agroforestry pattern of 3.16%, and the highest content of 1,8-cineol in CLEO was generated in the sengon + cardamom + arrowroot agroforestry pattern of 47.23%, while the lowest yield of CLEO and the 1,8-cineol content were found in the monoculture pattern of 2,02% and 43.16% respectively. Agroforestry practices have the potential to increase 1,8-cineol content and the yield of essential oil in cardamom leaf, which will be prospective in forest management to support forestry multi-business and social forestry programs.

Comparison of social capital of different community forest managements and their impact on community participation in the Social Forestry (SF) Program in Indonesia

Social Forestry (SF) Program is a sustainable forest management implemented in different management types by community forest organizations (CFOs) in Indonesia, namely collective and individual management types. This study aimed (1) to compare the social capital of different management types of the SF program; and, (2) to evaluate the relationship between social capital and community participation. The study was carried out in four CFOs in four villages in North Sumatra Province from 2019 to 2020.The data were collected from 73 respondents from the collective type and 113 respondents from the individual type. T-test was used to evaluate the social capital of the different management types, while the relationship between social capital and participation was evaluated by multiple regression analysis. This study found that the CFOs that implement a collective management possess a better social capital compared to an individual management. The collective management has more intensive meetings that can increase social interactions. The collective management also possess the wider networks and the more varied community activities that improve the social capital of the CFOs. The community features such as the more homogenous communities and the smaller size of the collective type communities may cause the stronger social capital of SF groups. Furthermore, social capital significantly influences community participation in the SF program. For the collective type, social interaction, trust, reciprocity, and leadership are the determinant factors that can improve community participation. In contrast, for the collective type, they are only social interaction, trust, and reciprocity.

Challenges to achieving the social forestry goal of alleviating poverty in Eastern Indonesia

Around 1.3 million rural poor individuals reside in Eastern Indonesia, where the government, via the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, aims to enhance the economy by granting access to forest management through social forestry (SF) programs. This study focuses on identifying challenges in implementing SF to alleviate poverty in the region, which remains understudied. Desk research through a literature review of secondary data was conducted to analyze in order to propose recommendations. The primary challenge faced by farmers is the marketing of forest products, due to geographical constraints and limited infrastructure. To address this, a strategy for developing export-oriented forest products is crucial to increase their value and offset high transportation costs. Empowering farmers with market knowledge and skills through training, technical assistance, and access to market information is urgently needed. Successful implementation of SF programs requires collaboration among the government, communities, companies, and other stakeholders. Additionally, improving transportation infrastructure is vital to overcome logistical barriers. Supportive policies from the government, such as simplifying export procedures, tax exemptions, and promotion of international trade, play a crucial role in facilitating the export of forest products. These collective efforts can contribute significantly to poverty alleviation in Eastern Indonesia through SF initiatives.

Impact assessment of new social forestry program on the accessibility and economic circumstances of the forest communities

The Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 9 of 2021 concerning Social Forestry (SF) is the latest regulation that simplifies the provision of access to the community. The regulation states that SF is a sustainable forest management system implemented in state forest areas or private forests (customary forests) carried out by local communities or customary law communities as the main actors to improve their welfare, environmental balance, and sociocultural dynamics. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of SF with new regulations. This study was conducted in a pine production forest in Ciamis Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. Respondents, as many as 88, were members of forest farmer groups with an area of 108 hectares. The SF activities at this location used pine and coffee cropping patterns. Interviews with SF farmers were employed in this study to gather information about the impact of the regulation’s issuance on economic factors and changes in forest access. The study results show that the new regulation increases community access to the forest, including being allowed to plant various plants that were prohibited by the previous regulation. In addition, forest concession rights have a longer duration, from five to 35 years, giving farmers more opportunities to gain economic benefits.

Vulnerability assessment of Ukrainian forests as the basis of nature-based solutions for mitigation and adaptation to climate change

A wide range of climatic conditions in Ukraine causes significant regional differences in the vulnerability of forests to the current rapid climate change. The mitigation/adaptation strategy should be based on assessments of their vulnerability at the regional level.
 Phytoindication model by Prof. Y.P. Didukh was used to assess forest vulnerability. The model provides a quantitative estimation of climate as one of the major environmental factors affecting the distribution, condition and productivity of vegetation on the base of climate-related indicators – continentality, humidity and frost. For these indicators climate suitability scales were calculated. The modeling was carried out for the main forest species: Pinus sylvestris L., Quercus robur L., Fagus sylvatica L., Picea abies (L.) H. Karst, Betula pendula Roth., Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. and Robinia pseudoacacia L. Climate projections based on the Euro CORDEX time series (up to 2100) and 2 scenarios of the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 4.5, RCP 8.5) were used. Using Q-GIS, the maps containing zones of suitability to climate for each of the studied species were created for current climate conditions and future time series.
 The directions for strengthening the mitigation and adaptive capacity of forests are considered. The mainstream for nature-based solutions is adaptive sustainable forest management, which provides: 1) optimization of land use structure and increasing the forested area; 2) development and implementation of a national forestry program considering the priorities of climate change and low-carbon development; 3) using wood to substitute greenhouse gas intensive-materials and fossil fuels; 4) the best forestry practices through the introduction of modern Climate-Smart Forestry principles.