Forest-Steppe Zone Of Ukraine Research Articles

Thrips are dangerous pests of vegetable crops

Goal. To provide information about dangerous pests of vegetable crops — thrips. To describe the morphology and biology of the pest, the methods of spreading and harmfulness, provide information on the necessary phytosanitary measures to restrict its development and reduce the harmfulness, and to justify the need to use alternative biological methods to control the population of thrips in the conditions of the Southern steppe of Ukraine on an example of the most common of them — tobacco thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.).
 Methods. Informational and analytical. The collection of information was carried out in accessible specialized literature and the Internet.
 Results. The information about sucking pests of vegetable crops - thrips is given. Thrips are known for a long time, they belong to wide polyphages, that is they harm a wide range of cultural and wild plants (from 100 to 400 spesies). On an example of the most common of them — tobacco thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) there is given information about the morphology and biology of the pest, the methods of its spreading and harmfulness, as well as the information on the necessary phytosanitary measures for restriction its development and reduction of the harm. This most widespread and dangerous polyphage, due to its close connection with plants, where its entire life cycle develops - from eggs to imago, has inhabited almost all greenhouses. In the natural conditions of the southern region of Ukraine, the tobacco thrips were found on large areas of vegetable crops with the seedling method of their cultivation, mainly cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, cabbage, watermelons, and the like. It harms bulbs in vegetable stores, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of garden plants and gardening material. The reaction of the plant to the damage by the trips is desensitization, which is manifested in growth retardation, distortion and loss of turgor of damaged leaves, which later become yellow and dries. Imago winter, mostly females, in greenhouses - in different slits, and in open ground - in the upper layer of soil at a depth of 7-10 cm, under plant remains or in the rootstock of perennials or weeds. At temperatures below 0 ° С and in the absence of snow cover, insects die. The pest spreads at all stages of development - eggs, larvae, imago - with planting material of vegetable crops (with plants or in soil), transport, containers, workers' tools, their clothes or footwear. This also occurs when collecting, packing and selling contaminated products. This is especially true for cabbage, with which the thrips can get to the greenhouse or indoor plants. In the conditions of the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Ukraine, the tobacco thrips can develop in open soil at temperatures over 10 ° C during the growing season from the second decade of May to the end of September, causing significant damage to vegetable crops. If this is the case, the pest can give 3-4 to 5-6 generations, depending on the weather conditions. In the population control of tobacco thrips, satisfactory results are received by systematic cultivation of plants with the following insecticides: Akketlik, Aktar, Phyitoverm, Karate Zeon, Confidor Maxi (with irrigation water) and others. It is obligatory to change preparations during the growing season. On the onion fields thrips is successfully reduced with insecticide of natural origin Spintor when using periodic spraying of plants. Because thrips are very resistant pests, therefore, in addition to insecticides, the use of predatory mites Amblyseius cucumeris, A. barken, A. derenerans, as well as predators of Orius laevigatus, O. magusaculus can be used to destroy them. Taking into account that nowadays the protection of vegetable crops takes the direction for the use of biological agents against pests - polyphages, special attention should be paid to the use of natural enemies of the tobacco thrips.
 Conclusions. In the natural conditions of the southern region of Ukraine, tobacco thrips were found on large areas of vegetable crops, therefore, there are all reasons for phytosanitary surveys of open-air vegetable crops to detect and eliminate this dangerous pest. Taking into account that nowadays the protection of vegetable crops takes the direction for the use of biological agents against pests - polyphages, special attention should be paid to the use of natural enemies of the tobacco thrips.

Influence of changes of climate on the productivity of pratal and steppe vegetation in the Forest-steppe area of Ukraine

The influence of the climate change on the agro-climatic growth conditions, development and formation of productivity of meadow and steppe vegetation in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine for three periods has been studied: 2021–2030, 2031–2040, 2041–2050. The calculations of the expected conditions have been performed according to the climate change scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The paper provides an assessment of the agro-climatic conditions for the formation of productivity of meadow and steppe vegetation in the current global warming and further climate change conditions until 2050. The assessment has been performed by comparing the average long-term agro-climatic indicators (1980–2010) of the productivity of wild phytocenoses with the same indicators for the future over decades. The calculations of both average long-term productivity of grasses and productivity of grasses in the conditions of climate change are executed according to four types of productivity: potential productivity which in case of optimum maintenance of plants with heat, moisture and mineral food is defined by solar radiation; meteorologically possible yield, which is provided by the temperature regime and the regime of humidification of the territory; really possible yield capacity, which is provided by the natural fertility of the soil; actual yield capacity in the natural conditions. Key words: meadow, steppe vegetation, productivity, humus balance, photosynthetic potential, agroecological categories of yields, climate change.

Adaptability of potato varie­ties to soil-climatic conditions of the Polissia and Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine

Purpose. To define the main criteria for adaptability and determine the adaptive capacity of different varieties of potatoes tested in Polissia and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine for use in seed production. Methods. The productive potential of potato varieties to determine overall species adaptability was analyzed in terms of yield. For this purpose, the coefficient of adaptability of varieties (CA) was used determined by their yield in the year of cultivation in ratio to the ave­rage yield of the year. Results. Over the years of research (2014–2016), under similar conditions of cultivation, the varieties responded in different ways to conditions of the environment in relation to the year of testing. The overall CA of 1.0 and higher indicates increased adaptability of the variety in the soil and climatic conditions of the growing area to changes in weather conditions during the growing season. In particular, in Polissia these are ‘Esmi’ (CA 1.12), ‘Catania’ (CA 1.06), ‘Constans’ (CA 1.03); in the Forest-Steppe – ‘Esmi’ (CA 1.16), ‘Catania’ (CA 1.12), ‘Constans’ (CA 1.00). Specific adaptive ability of varieties is manifested in high average variety yields in years favorable by weather conditions for potato cultivating. The increase in the yield of such varieties in Polissia was 0.4–1.9 t/ha, in the Forest-Steppe – 0.7–2.8 t/ha. ‘Esmi’, ‘Catania’, ‘Yavir’, ‘Constans’ belong to such varieties in Polissia, ‘Esmi’, ‘Catania’, and ‘Constans’ – in the Forest-Steppe. Conclusions. The use the coefficient of adaptability allows determining the productive capacity of a variety in specific soil and climatic conditions. The cultivation of potato varieties with increased adap­tability is a significant factor in increasing the production of high-yielding potato varieties, primarily seed material of high categories for varieties rotation and replacement. In particular, according to research results, such varieties of potatoes in Polissia and Forest-Steppe conditions are ‘Esmi’, ‘Catania’ and ‘Constans’.

White rot of sunflower

Goal. To study the spread and development of white rot on sunflower in the Right bank of Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
 Methods. The research was conducted during 2014—2018 in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine (Kyiv and Khmelnytsky region). The selection of plant samples was carried out with further analysis in laboratory conditions The observations were conducted according to generally accepted methods; spread and severity of diseases were determined.
 Results. During the years of investigation, the root, stem and head types of the disease have been identified. There were significant differences in both the symptoms and the degree of disease development in different years. During the vegetative periods of 2014, 2015, and 2017 disease development was compiled — 2—5%. Symptoms of the disease were detected on the stems of plants and heads, starting with the phase of seed development — milk ripeness. The weather conditions of 2016 and 2018 (GTK in June-July 1.2—1.9) were favorable for white rot infection. The disease appeared from the phase of “star” in 2016 and at the beginning of flowering in 2018. The development of the disease was significantly higher compared to other years and reached 12.0—15.1% in 2016 with the spread of 61.2—75.0%. In 2018 its severity in Khmelnitsky region was 11.2% while spread reached 78.6%. Firstly, the root and stem, and later the head form of the disease were marked. In addition to the typical symptoms, spots with brown concentric circles were found on the basal part of the stem. At the same time, the tissue almost did not collapse, and small sclerotic could be detected only in its lower part.
 Conclusions. Under favorable weather conditions, white rot of sunflower is becoming widespread and may be epiphytotic. In the conditions of the Right bank of Forest-Steppe Ukraine, the disease occurs at different stages of organogenesis. Symptoms of three forms of infection were observed. To improve the phytosanitary condition of crops, it is necessary to optimize the saturation of crop rotation with sunflower and other technical crops, which are also one of the host plants of the pathogen, and to follow of all elements of the protection system.

Cultivation of grapes in the conditions of forest-steppe zone of Kharkiv region: modern status and prospects

The purpose of this article is to highlight the possibilities of successful grape growing based on the use of agro-climatic resources of the Eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine, in particular, the relevant areas of Kharkiv region. Main material. Attention is drawn to the needs to intensify research and practical activities on the cultivation of grapes in the region. In the agricultural sector of Ukraine interest in cultivating grapes is growing in more in northern areas, than in its traditional distribution area. An urgent task is a more thorough study of agro-climatic conditions, clarifi cation of agro-clima tic zoning of this culture and the development of practical recommendations. This is especially true of the Eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine and its individual areas, including the northern part of Kharkiv region. This industry, judging by the success of farms and individual economies, can be highly profi table throughout the region but with some reservations. Currently, one of the problems of viticulture is to obtain suffi cient yield to supply the population. For this purpose, the author identifi es the features of the natural conditions of the region. Clarifi cation of agro-climatic features of the territory can be considered as a multi-stage task of agro-climatic zoning at diff erent levels. The Eastern forest-steppe region should be considered as part of a large agroecosystem, occupying a signifi cant place in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Of particular interest are the climatic indicators, the assessment of which allows to justify the grape culture management. These indicators are grouped together. The most important of them are temperature, humidity, light conditions and features of the winter period. Distribution of rainfall (fl ow of water) in the phases of grapes development during the active growing season is also important. It is also necessary to pay a???? ention to the use of other indicators. Most of them are closely related to the hydrothermal coeffi cient (HTC) - the simplest and most informative indicator. It should be added that using special agricultural techniques cultivation of certain grape varieties can be possible in the north-east of Ukraine. Conclusions. The study of suitable forest-steppe agrometeorological regions in Kharkiv region for growing grapes in natural conditions continues to be relevant. This difficult task requires a lot of effort and involvement of specialists.

Структурно-морфологічні показники врожаю сорго зернового в умовах Лісостепу України

Структурно-морфологічні показники врожаю сорго зернового в умовах Лісостепу України

Management of risks of agricultural enterprises of the forest-steppe area of Ukraine

Management of risks of agricultural enterprises of the forest-steppe area of Ukraine

Migration of 137Cs and 90Sr from black soil into vegetable of the Central part of the Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine

Migration of 137Cs and 90Sr from black soil into vegetable of the Central part of the Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine

Agroeconomic and agroecological aspects of spatial variation of rye (Secale cereale) yields within Polesia and the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine: The usage of geographically weighted principal components analysis

In the present article, the patterns of the geographic variability in yields of rye within Polesia and the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine are presented and the correlation of the factors and dynamics of an agroeconomic and agroecological nature was determined. The dynamics of rye yields in the study area over time were determined as being characterized by three extreme points: two local maxima and one local minimum. Specific terms of the polynomial curve of the fourth order can be meaningfully interpreted and applied to describe the dynamics of productivity. Free members of the polynomial indicate culture productivity in the starting period. Dynamics of the productivity that can be explained by the regression indicate that agrotechnological and agrecological conditions of agricultural production are a pervasive factor that determines the presence of a general trend. The determination coefficient of the regression total trend can be interpreted as an indicator of the role of the agrotechnological and agroeconomic factors in the dynamics of productivity. The residue of the trend regression model can be interpreted so as to include the agroecological component of the rye yields dynamics. Their analysis revealed seven key components that together explained 58.4% of the total variability of the space feature. The principal components of vibrational patterns reflect the specific nature of variation of rye yields over time, which are spatially defined. Vibrational effects are environmental in nature. Geographically weighted principal component analysis showed the transience of environmental spatial modes which determine the oscillating component of rye yield variation over time. Spaces within which the structure of ecological interactions remains unchanged can be considered as the basis of agroecological zoning areas.

Аборигенна дендрофлора покритонасінних – основа паркобудування в лісостепу України

Висвітлено результати досліджень складу насаджень дендрологічних парків Лісостепу України. Встановлено, що в складі насаджень парків кількісно переважають рослини аборигенних видів. Разом із дубом звичайним (Quercus robur L.) паркоутворювальну роль відіграють його супутники: клен гостролистий (Acer platanoides L.), ясен звичайний (Fraxinus exelsior L.), липа серцелиста (Tilia cordata Mill.), клен польовий (Acer campestre L.), клен явір (Acer pseudoplatanus L.), граб звичайний (Carpinus betulus L.), в'язові. Зроблено порівняльний аналіз аборигенної та інтродукованої дендрофлори в дендропарках Лісостепу України з таких критеріїв: функціональність, економічність та естетичність. З погляду функціональності доведено, що садово-паркові об'єкти, основу яких складають аборигенні види покритонасінних, легко створювати, за ними легко доглядати і такі об'єкти є більш довговічними. Доведено, що з економічного погляду парки, створені з покритонасінних аборигенної дендрофлори, є дешевшими за парки, створені з інтродуцентів у 10–15 разів. Встановлено, що парки, створені аборигенною дендрофлорою покритонасінних, мають найбільший позитивний психоемоційний вплив на відвідувачів і є комфортними для відпочинку. Отже, для створення парків, аборигенна дендрофлора є саме тим елементом ландшафту, який повною мірою відповідає основним трьом критеріям оцінки садово-паркового об'єкта, а значить є головним паркоутворювальним елементом.

Varietal assortment of soybean for organic production

The goal was to investigate and determine prospective for organic production and seed production varieties of soybean of domestic and foreign selection, using organic technology in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. To determine the yield of seeds measuring-weight method was used, to identify plant damage caused by phytopathogens the biological method was used and to determine the reliability of the results statistical, dispersion and regression methods were used. The possibility of growing soybeans using organic technologies is proved. The efficiency of agrotechnical measures to control weeds in organic production conditions was analyzed. Optimal timing of sowing organic soybean seeds in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine is determined. The most promising for organic production and seed production varieties of soybean of Ukrainian and foreign selection were selected. The research of the Skvyrska experimental station of organic production of the Institute of Agroecology and Environmental management of NAAN proved the possibility of growing soybeans using organic technologies. By results of researches it is established, that all investigated sorts are suitable for organic production and seed production. The most promising for organic production and seed production, in view of the absence of disease, high competitiveness in relation to weeds and relatively high yields, are soybean varieties Lisbon, Cordoba and Kent. The peculiarities of soybean production using organic technologies are directly related to soil cultivation and the use of resistant varieties to diseases and pests.

Фітомеліоративні властивості рослин Lavandula angustifolia L.[за умов вирощування у зоні Лісостепу України

Фітомеліоративні властивості рослин Lavandula angustifolia L.[за умов вирощування у зоні Лісостепу України

Результати штучного відтворення осетрових риб, вирощених у садках за природного температурного режиму водойм лісостепової зони України

Результати штучного відтворення осетрових риб, вирощених у садках за природного температурного режиму водойм лісостепової зони України

EVALUATION OF CHANGES IN HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF RAIN STORM SOIL EROSION IN STEPPE AND FOREST-STEPPE ZONES OF UKRAINE IN CONNECTION WITH CLIMATE CHANGE

Problem Statement and Purpose. Modem and forthcoming climate changes inevi­tably change the hydrometeorological conditions of water erosion of soils, the most widespread soil degradation process in Ukraine, the negative consequences of which affect virtually all the components of landscapes and cause huge economic and en­vironmental damage. The most widespread kind of soil erosion in the Steppe and Forest Steppe in Ukraine is the storm water erosion, whose role is increasing due to the wanning of the climate. Accordingly, the purpose of the article is to quantify the change in the hydrometeorological conditions of the stomi washout of the soil within the Steppe and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in the medium temi (2031-2050). The ob­ject of the study is the hydrometeorological conditions of stomi soil erosion, the subject is the changes in these conditions due to climate change within the Steppe and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Data & Methods. In the basis for assessing the change in the hydrometeorological conditions of the soil erosion within the Steppe and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine is laid the forecasted values (“projections”) of average monthly and annual precipita­tion, air temperatures and relative air humidify for 2031-2050 for four regions of Ukraine - West, Center, East and South, published in Sixth National Communication of Ukraine on Climate Change. An assessment of the change in the hydrometeorological conditions of rain storm soil erosion is performed on the basis of the so-called «hydrometeorological factor of storm washout of soil”, the average annual value of which is a parameter of the physico-statistical model of erosion-accumulation of soil, developed at the Odessa 1.1. Mechnikov National University. The hydrometeorological factor of rain storm soil erosion takes into account not only the characteristics of rains, but also the antecedent moistening of the soil. The information basis of the work is the average annual values of the hydrometeorological factor of rain storm washout calculated earlier using data of observations at 22 meteorological stations located in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Ukraine with a full set of necessary data for the period from 1949 to 1989, monthly air temperatures and the precipitation amounts for four to five «reference» weather stations for each of the four regions within which the Steppe and Forest steppe of Ukraine lies, with observational data from 1949 to 2010, and also the materials of the Climate Kadastr of Ukraine. Results. In comparison with the period 1949-1989, within the Steppe and Forest- steppe of Ukraine in 2031-2050, in general, an increase in the mean annual value of the hydrometeorological factor of storm washout and, correspondingly, the intensity of storm erosion of soils, although significantly different for individual regions, is expected. The region West is the most unfavorable in this respect, in which the growth rate of the hydrometeorological factor of storm washout of soil as compared with 1949- 1989. is estimated at 68%. The least unfavorable is the South region, where a certain increase in the erosion hazard associated with an increase in the amount of precipitation is almost completely offset by the effect of increasing and climate. For the regions the Center and the East an increase in the hydrometeorological factor of the storm washout of soil will be 17% and 13%, respectively.

Rosana – a new variety of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Aim. Lucerne sowing in Ukraine is one of the most common fodder crops from perennial legumes. Most varieties grown today are not sufficiently adapted to a number of unfavorable abiotic and biotic environmental factors. Rosana variety was created to solve some of the above problems under the conditions of the Polissya and the forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods. 560 plants, differing in high winter resistance and a set of economic and valuable features, were selected from the grassland of Regent's varieties of alfalfa, created in previous years from genetic plasma of varieties WL 202 (USA) and Veselopodolianska 11 (Ukraine). During the four study cycles, gumboil counts were carried out at the level of green mass and seed yield, leafyness, resistance to pathogens of root rot and other diseases, intensity of regrowth in spring and autumn. Results. The Rosana variety is similar to the Regina variety in the form of a bush, the size of leaves, the height of plants, the duration of individual phases of growth and development, and the class of rest. The variety is characterized by high intensity of regrowth, during the growing season can form 3–4 slopes, with increased feed quality, increased seed yield. Resistant to root rot, drought-proof and winter-resistant. Resistant to sinking. Medieval The period of productive longevity is 4–5 years. The height of the plants of the first slope is 80–90 cm. The yield of the seeds is 0.5 t / ha. Collection of dry matter – 14.5–15.0 t / ha. Protein content – 20.9 %, cellulose – 21.4 %. The first slope is 54–55 days. Clearness – 48 %. Conclusions. The quality of Rosana's fodder and seed yield is significantly higher than the Regina variety and the conditional standard. Characterized by a number of other economic and valuable features. It is recommended for distribution in Polissya and Forest-steppe zones of Ukraine in clean and mixed crops with other perennial herbs for the production of high-quality feed (haylage, hay, herbal pellets).
 Keywords: alfalfa crop, varietal, winter resistance, dry matter, seeds.

Сезонні закономірності впливу елементів мікрорельєфу на стан посівів озимої пшениці

Виявлено, що причиною строкатості стану рослинності у польових сівозмінах дослідного господарства є поширені тут неоднорідності мікрорельєфу різної форми та глибини. В межах мікрозападин змінюються властивості ґрунтів, й відповідно стан розвитку рослин та їх врожайність. Основним фактором впливу на ґрунти й рослинність є гідрологічний режим мікропонижень, який істотно відрізняється від водного режиму рівнинних територій. В залежності від перерозподілу атмосферної вологи по рельєфу поля варіюють властивості та біологічна активність ґрунту, фізіологічний стан рослин, змінюються показники якості врожаю. В статті розглянуто особливості поширення мікропонижень (мікрозападин) рельєфу на полях НДГ «Великоснітинське» Фастівського району Київської області та аналізуються сезонні закономірності впливу цих мікрозападин на стан посівів озимої пшениці. При дослідженнях використовувались наземні польові та лабораторні методи, а також аеровізуальні спостереження квадрокоптером. Такий комплексний підхід дав можливість встановити зв’язок між особливостями водного режиму дослідного поля та агроекологічним станом рослинності та ґрунту окремих елементів мікрозападин.

COMPLEX ASSESSMENT OF PERSPECTIVES OF DOUGLAS FIR (PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII (MIRB.) FRANCO) IN FOREST-STEPPE CONDITIONS OF UKRAINE

The results of the integrated assessment of prospects for use of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in botanical gardens and arboretums in five regions in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine are presented. In most cases, there was a fresh fertile forest site type, and in one, there was a dry fertile site. The indicators of growth, stem quality, available seed production and self-seedlings were determined. The comparison was realized with the native species, English oak, which is traditionally grown in the regions in given forest conditions. According to the results of the integrated assessment, Douglas fir in most cases was noted a perspective species in the Ukrainian forest-steppe zone and can be used for the creation of forest plantations, protective stands, and landscaping. The climatic conditions for the regions of the study were different in the average annual rainfall and the Selyaninov’s hydrothermal coefficient.

Плодоношення видів роду Rhus L. в умовах правобережного лісостепу України

Плодоношення видів роду Rhus L. в умовах правобережного лісостепу України

Фітотоксикологічна оцінка вмісту металів у рослинах природних екосистем (на прикладі зелених паркових зон)

Фітотоксикологічна оцінка вмісту металів у рослинах природних екосистем (на прикладі зелених паркових зон)

Modeling of sunflower’s productivity under future climate changes in Ukraine considering the scenarios of RCP anthropogenic impact

Climate change is one of the major global issues. Climate is one of the most significant factors determining the level of crop yields, including sunflower crops. Currently the sunflower planting acreage in Ukraine has already reached its maximum value. Therefore the potential for increasing sunflower production should be aimed at increasing its yield.
 To assess the impact of climate change on sunflower productivity the article considers modern scenarios of RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) such as RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. They belong to the scenarios of medium and high levels of greenhouse gas emissions. The RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios cover the climatic period from 2021 to 2050. In order to conduct a comparative analysis of scenario meteorological values with previous data from the Agroclimatic Reference Book of Ukraine, the period from 1986 to 2005 was taken. It serves as a basic period for calculations.
 Calculations were made for the following natural and climatic zones of Ukraine: East Forest-Steppe, Northern and Southern Steppe.
 The article studies the influence of agroclimatic conditions on sunflower cultivation as per two interphase periods: shoots - blooming and blooming - picking maturity.
 Study of sunflower productivity formation was carried out using a mathematical model of the water-heat regime and sunflower productivity. The model is based on the system of equations of radiation, heat and water balances and biomass balance in vegetation cover.
 According to calculations a lowered temperature regime and sufficient moisture in the first half of sunflower vegetation season will favor the formation of leaves way more than during the basic period within the entire area under study. However, expected arid conditions in the second half of vegetation period will cause a very low sunflower moisture availability during this period which would lead to reduction of sunflower seeds' crop-producing power. Analysis of agroclimatic conditions during vegetation season from sunflower shoots to its picking maturity showed that implementation of both scenarios would ensure expected weather conditions to be more favorable for sunflower growing in the eastern forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. The greatest risk of sunflower crops shortfall in certain years is expected in the southern steppe zone of Ukraine and significant losses should be expected in case of scenario RCP4.5 implementation.