Indonesian Forest Research Articles

Local knowledge in forest management: a case study in java forest, indonesia

Forests are currently faced with the challenge of increasingly widespread forest degradation, threatening human life at the global level due to climate change and unexpected plans. In this context, the role of local knowledge is considered strategic in sustainable forest management. In line with the dynamics of global change, local knowledge often needs to be adapted, complemented, or preserved to continue contributing to forestry development. Similarly, in the case of forests in Indonesia, climate change can influence local knowledge of forest management. Consequently, there is a need for studies on how communities adapt their traditional practices to climate change and the impact of such adaptations on the sustainability of forest resources. Through a qualitative method with case studies, this research was conducted to identify and understand local community knowledge and its role in forest management. The research was conducted in Wonokerto Village, Rembang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Data was collected from January-October 2023 using observation and interview techniques involving 21 informants from Forest Village Community Institutions (LMDH) representatives, forest farmers, facilitators, forest police, Perhutani, and local community leaders. The interactive model analyses data through data collection, reduction, verification, and presentation. Research shows local knowledge of forest communities emerging from various values and norms, cultural rituals, forest management practices, and local institutions. As a result, this local knowledge positively contributes to forest sustainability, where a balanced relationship between society and the forest is well maintained.

Development of waqf forest in Indonesia: Brand equity analysis of Bogor waqf forest purchase intention

Purpose – This study aims to analyze the characteristics of respondents who donate, visit, or endow Bogor Waqf Forest and the influence of brand awareness, brand association, brand loyalty, and perceived quality on the purchase intention of Bogor Waqf Forest.Methodology – The data obtained in this study were primary data from questionnaires with 136 respondents and secondary data from literature studies such as foundations, journals, books, and related articles. The methods used in this research are descriptive analysis and structural equation modeling–partial least squares (SEM-PLS).Findings – The results of this study show that brand loyalty and perceived quality have a positive and significant influence.Implications – Maintaining and increasing perceived quality and brand loyalty so that consumer loyalty and perceptions remain high and well maintained.Originality – This research is original in measuring brand equity analysis of intention to purchase a Bogor Waqf Forest.

CRIMINALIZATION OF CIVIL SOCIETY AND INDONESIA ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS: CASE STUDY OF TANJUNG BENOA RECLAMATION

There is a serious problem with Indonesia's environmental politics because the government supported policies that potentially harmed the environment, including the reclamation project. Reclamation has harmed the mangrove forest and coral reef, as well as the fishing area. Civil society questioned the commitment of Indonesia's government to protecting the mangrove forest in Indonesia. The problem is worsened when activists and indigenous communities are criminalized. Activists are threatened by legal action due to their political activism. This research attempted to understand the role of civil society in changing government decisions by using a case study of the cancellation of the reclamation plan in Tanjung Benoa, Bali. Primary data is obtained through direct observation in Tanjung Benoa, Bali, and supported by secondary data from journals, news outlets, and official reports. There are two main findings. Firstly, the criminalization of civil society showed that the contradiction of the Indonesian constitution and law enforcement is clearer. Secondly, the government finally canceled the reclamation project in Tanjung Benoa due to massive protests from communities and civil society.
 Keywords: Environmental Politics, Indonesia, Tanjung Benoa, Civil Society, Reclamation

Camptostemon philippinensis, a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Background Camptostemon philippinensis, found in mangrove forests in Indonesia and the Philippines, is listed as endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. It is found primarily in isolated mangrove forests in Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) and Sulawesi in Indonesia. Despite significant studies on mangrove biodiversity in this region, the occurrence of C. philippinensis in Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, is not extensively recorded. Methods The study was conducted by exploring the mangrove forests along Balikpapan Bay. The first survey of about 200 km was conducted to observe mangrove vegetation and found one C. philippinensis tree. The second survey focused on the area around the first discovered C. philippinensis tree to census and record its growth stage and distribution. Results The study recorded a population of 527 individuals of C. philippinensis in Pantai Lango Village, East Kalimantan, dominated by seedlings. The high number of seedlings indicates good natural regeneration potential, but the low number of trees indicates intense competition for space in a restricted habitat. This species inhabits a small and restricted area in Balikpapan Bay, in the middle area of Balikpapan Bay, and is associated with other mangrove flora, such as Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia alba, Avicennia alba, Lumnitzera littorea, Osbornia octodonta, Ceriops tagal, and Xylocarpus granatum. Conclusions C. philippinensis is vulnerable to habitat damage from anthropogenic activities, which could lead to local extinction. Its natural habitat in Balikpapan Bay also has the potential to be under pressure due to the development of Indonesia’s new capital city (Ibu Kota Nusantara/IKN). It emphasizes the need to understand the ecological role of this protected flora in the natural habitat of protected fauna (the proboscis monkey). Documenting the population of C. philippinensis is crucial for conservation efforts, including propagation and understanding its ecological role.

PROGRAM USAID SEGAR UNTUK MENDUKUNG KONSERVASI HUTAN KALIMANTAN

As a tropical country, Indonesia faces challenges managing forests and protected forest areas. This research discusses the degradation and deforestation of Indonesian forests, which have decreased since 2017. Problems that often arise and potentially harm Indonesia's forest ecosystems are land acquisition operations for oil palm land, mining activities, excessive excavation, shifting agriculture systems, over-exploitation of wildlife, and some prohibited activities that can disrupt the balance of an ecosystem. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) provides funds to support the Indonesian government in various forest conservation activities under the Sustainable Environmental Governance across Regions (SEGAR). SEGAR incentivizes forest managers, farmers, and the business community to adopt sustainable production. This study employs a descriptive qualitative research method to explain the role of foreign aid in preserving forests in developing countries. The authors interview key stakeholders to explore the program's effectiveness. The study finds that SEGAR effectively promotes forest conservation in protected areas. SEGAR also increases the capacity of local community groups to manage natural resources in the area

Time Consumption and Productivity of Motorbike Timber Extraction in Private Forests

Timber extraction in private forests in Indonesia is carried out using appropriate technology. Motorbike extraction is one of the means of timber extraction widely used in private forests in Indonesia. This research aimed to analyze the working time and productivity of timber extraction using motorbikes in private forests. The research was conducted in a private forest in Probolinggo, East Java. The terrain conditions at the study site were partly flat and partly rather steep. The study site can only be accessed through a footpath that is 2 m wide. Observations were made on three motorbikes. The number of trips for each motorbike was 11 trips. The skidding distance was 300 m. Data on timber extraction work time were obtained through video analysis. Production data on timber extraction were obtained through direct measurements in the field. The research showed that the work time spent to transport timber from private forests using motorbikes was 18.18 minutes per trip. The loaded travel spent the highest working time, followed by the empty travel, logs stacking, unloading, and traveling to logs. The efficiency of timber extraction using motorbikes in private forests was 82.11%. The productivity of timber extraction was 0.61 m3/hour or 0.002 m3/hour.m. Keywords: appropriate technology, motorbike, private forests, timber extraction, working time

Morphology study, leaf anatomy and growth of the Indonesian Scindapsus

Scindapsus (Araceae) is commonly found growing wild in Indonesian forests, including West Borneo. Scindapsus has been extensively cultivated and marketed, but information about the variability, morphology and growth of the plant is limited. This study aimed to identify five types of Indonesian Scindapsus based on their morphology, leaf anatomy, and growth patterns. The morphology study observed the plant’s organ structures, including leaves, stems, and roots. The anatomy study examined the tissue structure of the leaf lamina, including epidermal cells and stomata. The growth observations were conducted by propagating the plants through stem cuttings. The research findings showed that, based on their morphology, the five types of Scindapsus in this study could be classified into two groups: Scindapsus pictus and Scindapsus treubii. The differences between the two groups were in the shape and pattern of their leaves. Based on leaf anatomy, structure, shape of the epidermal cells, and stomata types were the same for all five species, but Scindapsus treubii 2 has the thickest lamina.

Forest Law Harmony: Bridging the Gap between Forest Area Utilization Agreements (PPKH) and Land Ownership Certificates (Sertifikat Tanah) in Land Ownership with Penal Mediation Approaches

This article explores conflicts from overlapping forest lands allocated through Indonesia's Forest Area Utilization Agreements (PPKH) with occupied customary lands lacking legal ownership certificates. Companies and forest communities often clash over ancestral tenure rights. Mediation balances economic growth, social justice, and environmental sustainability. The paper examines efforts to bridge regulatory gaps between PPKH licensing and Land Ownership Certificates (Sertifikat Tanah) through penal mediation in Indonesian Borneo. Comparative case studies analyze mediation techniques, shaping legal certainty, sustainable land use, governance, and benefit-sharing outcomes. Mediated agreements resulted in formal permit adjustments and land titles for 20,000 hectares, providing legal security. Settlements enhanced social equity through shared employment, profits, and infrastructure. Success factors include participatory mapping, company financing for bureaucratic procedures, leveraging customary institutions, and embedding multi-stakeholder oversight. Partial shortcomings highlight the need for further policy and power structure reforms to fully realize mediation potential in balancing nationwide forest land conflicts.

Estimation of Rhizophora mucronata carbon stock in Youtefa bay, Jayapura, Papua

Papua island has the largest mangrove forest area in Indonesia, reaching 1,350,600.00 Ha which accounts for half of the entire area of mangrove forests in Indonesia. One of the locations with a fairly extensive mangrove forest in the Jayapura area is in Youtefa Bay. Although mangroves have large environmental potential, local people use the forest as building materials, food, fishing tools, and medicines. Mangrove forests have an active role in maintaining global climate stability in the world, forest vegetation will fix CO2 through the process of photosynthesis. Mangrove forests per hectare can store up to four times more carbon than other tropical forests worldwide. This research aims to estimate the amount of carbon stock Rhizophora mucronata can store in mangrove forests in Youtefa Bay, particulary in Tobati, Enggros and Entrop Villages, Jayapura, Papua. The method used in this study was using Allometric Equations to estimate the biomass carbon from Rhizophora mucronata and compared to three different satellite imagery algorithms. The research results showed that the biomass of Rhizophora mucronata stands in Entrop Village was the highest and the lowest in Enggros Village. In addition, the results of measurements of carbon stocks in Tobati and Enggros Villages showed that the values were similar, only 0.23 kgC/m2 with carbon stocks in Entrop Village reaching 19.46 kgC/m2. Based on the results of measuring satellite imagery with three different algorithms, it was found that using the EVI algorithm produced the smallest Standard Error of Estimate, which was 1.63 kg C/m2. The estimated total carbon in Youtefa Bay is 213,424.69 kg C/m2.Keywords:AllometricCarbon StockRhizophora mucronataYoutefa Bay

UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESADARAN MASYARAKAT TEBET JAKARTA SELATAN DALAM MELINDUNGI HUTAN INDONESIA

Increasing air pollution is one of the main problems of international concern considering the negative impact on the survival of living creatures in the world. For example, the impact on human health, the economy, and even the environmental ecosystem. Various plants, generally forests in Indonesia, have an important role in reducing air pollution. Therefore, the team implementing community service activities considered it important to build awareness among the community, especially in the environment of RT 07/RW 02 of West Tebet, Tebet, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta. The method for implementing community service activities was in the form of online socialization with 4 strategies that can be carried out by the community, namely campaigns, legal advocacy, research for publication, and partnership collaboration with stakeholders. The results of the implementation of activities showed an increase in awareness of community service targets, especially youth, to care for trees, plants and the surrounding environment as an effort to protect Indonesia's forests. This can be seen from the discussion or question and answer sessions held during the community service activities.

Developing a spatial-based predictive model for conservation area management prioritization using ecosystem service and site suitability index in Java Island

Primary forests in Indonesia are in high decline. The increase in population exacerbates forest reductions, as forests are changed to settlements. This impacts the loss of biodiversity and animals in Indonesia. An important way to prevent the loss of biodiversity and animals is to conserve crucial areas. Spatial modeling can be done to detect conservation areas that are important for the future. This study analyzes the index of forest ecosystem services and habitat suitability of extinct animals to determine priority conservation areas. Here we predict forest areas that are indicated to be lost in the future. We use integrated spatial data using GIS (Geography Information System) to determine priority conservation areas. From the results, we predict that there will be a change in land cover to settlement by 2030. This causes the ecosystem service index (ESI) value to decrease from an initially high value each year. In terms of land suitability, the majority will decrease by 2030. The integration that has been performed also shows a very high decrease in the ESI value and a very high conformity value in the Java region. This research can hopefully be used by policy makers to determine new conservation areas on the island of Java.

Determination of Health Index Classification and Management Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems Using a Combination of Fuzzy and ISM Methods

The area of mangrove forests in Indonesia in 2021, according to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, is around 3,364,080 Ha; this amount is equivalent to 23% of the world’s mangrove ecosystem, which is from a total of 16,530,000 Ha (FAO, 2005). Information on the condition of mangrove ecosystems is important to know whether or not an area is good. Studies related to the condition of mangrove ecosystems based on environmental quality and mangrove health index to determine the environmental quality and mangrove health are needed for ecosystem management in the future. This article describes the health parameters of mangrove ecosystems that will be analyzed with the help of a combination of decision support software such as fuzzy and ISM so that priority mangrove ecosystem locations can be determined, mangrove health index values to determine the health status of mangrove ecosystems and determine alternative sustainable mangrove ecosystem management policies that will be applied to the object of study. In addition, the study also discusses the concept of determining standard criteria for the level of damage to mangrove ecosystems and determining the status of mangrove ecosystems. Based on fuzzy logic, data analysis shows that the output of the Mangrove Health Index can be determined with 3 variables and 27 rules, with key factors in Mangrove Density, Canopy Cover and Number of saplings. The results of ISM show that management institutions that must be actively involved in supporting the success of sustainable mangrove forest ecosystem management in Batam City are KLHK, DLHK Riau Islands Province, and BPDAS Sei Jang Duriangkang. Proper handling of constraints and management institutions that are actively involved in mangrove forest ecosystem management will ultimately encourage budget effectiveness and efficiency to meet the main goal, namely sustainable mangrove forest ecosystem management in Batam City.

Spatial-temporal forest canopy density in Indonesia’s new capital city and its surrounding area

Monitoring the condition of the forest in Indonesia’s New Capital City, Nusantara (IKN), and the surrounding area as a buffer is crucial to realizing the Forest City concept. Forest canopy density can be used to understand and measure forest conditions using satellite imagery efficiently. The main objective of this study was to investigate the spatial-temporal dynamic alterations of forest canopy density across IKN and its buffer. Forest canopy density is based on Landsat 8 imagery for 2015-2020, processed in the cloud using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) and compared using a hemispherical photograph and LiDAR. Google Earth Engine is powerful for creating forest canopy density maps, although Canopy density from Landsat 8 tends to be lower than hemispherical and Lidar, so a correction factor is needed. The correlation between forest canopy density and hemispherical photography can provide valuable insights into the structure and composition of a forest ecosystem. For land types covered with forest, consistently in 2015 and 2020, it dominates dense forest canopy density (>60%). The forest area in the IKN and its surroundings experienced a decrease in forest canopy density by logging. In contrast, some areas experienced increased forest canopy density representing disturbed forest growth.

Analysis of OSH risk level in forest management activities using remote sensing approach in RPH Takokak, KPH Sukabumi, West Java Province

Indonesian forests are known to have high diversity and play an important role in human life, so they need to be managed sustainably. Sustainable forest management does not only pay attention to productivity aspects but also demands protection of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH). Remote sensing is used to provide information about hazard sources using geospatial data to analyze the level of risk of OSH interference in forest management activities at RPH Takokak, KPH Sukabumi. There are six hazard sources as parameters, namely slope, elevation, rainfall, type of soil, vegetation density, and accessibility, as well as the history of work accidents which are addressed to forest management stakeholders through the questionnaire method. From the five classification classes, it was found that the study location was dominated by class 3 classification or had a moderate level of risk of OSH interferences with an area of 1.661,02 ha or 77.36%, and an area of 0.49 ha or 0.02% included in risk class 4 or had a high level of risk of OSH interferences. The results and recommendations of this study are expected to provide information to Perum Perhutani in managing forest areas, especially risk management and can become a reference for further research.

Alaban wood (Vitex pinnata) as a promising feedstock in the community-scale charcoal industry: A case study of KPHP Kendilo, Indonesia

Indonesian forest production management unit, also called KPHP, have initiated various programs to develop the prosperity of local societies around forest area, including their independence in the energy sector. Charcoal is an ancient green energy which is still traditionally produced by those people for daily usage. Currently, the demand of charcoal for many modern industries in the world has been growing, showing its high potential as future export commodities since Indonesia has a richness in the forest biomass resources for charcoal feedstock. Therefore, we conducted a suitability analysis of the community-scale charcoal production at KPHP Kendilo, one of the forest management units located in East Kalimantan province. Alaban wood (Vitex pinnata) is considered the most potential biomass in this area, indicating its high availability in nature for charcoal feedstok. It was converted by a drum kiln technique using ratio of fuel wood and raw material at 1 : 2 (dry matter) for approximately 4 hours. It showed that the plant having diameter of above 15 cm possessed the highest charcoal yield (6.83 ton/ha), with appropriate energy properties (7,001 kcal/kg). Finally, this study points out the promising of Alaban wood in KPHP Kendilo for charcoal production in the rural communities.

The Greenpeace's Efforts for Forest Destruction Management in Riau Province to Achieve National Security

Forests in Indonesia have an essential role in the life of living things for humans, animals and plants. However, deforestation in the context of clearing land for oil palm plantations has threatened the existence of living things that depend on the forest for their lives. Luckily, some people are aware of the destructive impacts caused by deforestation. Some of these people joined non-governmental organizations affiliated with Greenpeace Indonesia. Therefore, the researchers made this study to find out how efforts have been made by Greenpeace, especially in dealing with forest destruction. This study uses qualitative research with data collection methods through interviews and literature studies. Meanwhile, in analyzing the case, they use theories and concepts: The theory of non-governmental organizations, the concept of non-violence, and the concept of national security researchers. The results of this research are the various efforts made by Greenpeace, Greenpeace's efforts in direct action without violence, and Greenpeace's efforts that have been carried out as a manifestation of national security.

Camptostemon philippinensis, a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Background Camptostemon philippinensis, found in mangrove forests in Indonesia and the Philippines, is listed as endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. It is found primarily in isolated mangrove forests in Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) and Sulawesi in Indonesia. Despite significant studies on mangrove biodiversity in this region, the occurrence of C. philippinensis in Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, is not extensively recorded. Methods The study was conducted by exploring the mangrove forests along Balikpapan Bay. The first survey of about 200 km was conducted to observe mangrove vegetation and found one C. philippinensis tree. The second survey focused on the area around the first discovered C. philippinensis tree to census and record its growth stage and distribution. Results The study recorded a population of 527 individuals of C. philippinensis in Pantai Lango Village, East Kalimantan, dominated by seedlings. The high number of seedlings indicates good natural regeneration potential, but the low number of trees indicates intense competition for space in a restricted habitat. This species inhabits a small and restricted area in Balikpapan Bay, in the middle area of Balikpapan Bay, and is associated with other mangrove flora, such as Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia alba, Avicennia alba, Lumnitzera littorea, Osbornia octodonta, Ceriops tagal, and Xylocarpus granatum. Conclusions C. philippinensis is vulnerable to habitat damage from anthropogenic activities, which could lead to local extinction. Its natural habitat in Balikpapan Bay also has the potential to be under pressure due to the development of Indonesia’s new capital city (Ibu Kota Nusantara/IKN). It emphasizes the need to understand the ecological role of this protected flora in the natural habitat of protected fauna (the proboscis monkey). Documenting the population of C. philippinensis is crucial for conservation efforts, including propagation and understanding its ecological role.

Building fire safety management analysis based on the reliability assessment method of making safety systems in greenhouse display buildings

Fires must be alerted and anticipated or detected as early as possible. If a fire occurs, it will be fatal such as damage to buildings, infrastructure, other facilities and can even result in casualties. Therefore, a reliable fire protection system must be applied. To prevent or anticipate fires, detection must be carried out as early as possible and prepared facilities or infrastructure for fire safety. The Green House display building is an exhibition building of living plants from various mountains in Indonesia including the mountains of Java, the mountains of Sumatra, the mountains of Kalimantan, and the mountains of Papua. This building is the only building in Indonesia, which presents the atmosphere of the mountains exactly the same as the original mountains, both plants, soil and air temperature, but is in a closed room. Plants and soil are taken directly from the associated location. This building is allegedly very prone to fire because there are so many flammable materials such as leaves, wood and others. As well as forests in Indonesia, especially in Kalimantan and Sumatra where fires often occur. Therefore, the application of Building Fire Safety Management in this building must be applied as well as possible. Fire safety management in question includes: completeness of facilities and infrastructure, active protection systems and passive protection systems. Active protection systems such as fire detection devices for this building cannot use ordinary systems, because in this building, the atmosphere is like mountains with many big trees. To ensure that the building can be declared reliable in terms of building safety, especially fire safety, it is necessary to check the reliability of the building. The inspection can be carried out by several methods, including analyzing based on applicable standards and analyzing based on the assessment of the reliability of the building safety system referring to the Settlement Research and Development Center, Research and Development Agency PU, Department of Public Works in 2005 (Pd-T-11-2005-C).

Analysis Of Fire Risk For Forest And Land In West Kalimantan Using Logistic Regression Method With Generalized Extreme Value Approach

Forests in Indonesia have been reduced by half due to fires. Forest and land fires often occur during the long dry season in places such as the island of Borneo. West Kalimantan is an area passed by the equator which is directly above the Pontianak area. The main effect is to make West Kalimantan a tropical area with high air temperatures so that forest and land fires often occur. This study aims to obtain the results of the probability of land and forest fires in each district in West Kalimantan. The method used is binary logistic regression analysis with response variables in the form of data categories based on spatial data and analysis of extreme values with Generalized Extreme Value (GEV). Spatial analysis uses the help of ARCGIS software in processing raster data (grid cells). The data used is data on maximum temperature and maximum wind speed taken from October 7, 2021 to October 31, 2022 from the official NASA website. The spatial data used in this study is forest and land fire vulnerability data taken from the BNPB website in the form of raster data. The results of logistic regression analysis found that the maximum temperature variable has a negative relationship with the response variable, while the maximum speed of wind variable has a positive relationship with the response variable. The temporal probability of the resulting GEV is getting higher with a longer period of years ahead. The probability of forest and land fires is obtained by multiplying the log probability by the GEV temporal probability. In this study, it was found that the highest chance of forest and land fires occurring in Sanggau Regency was suspected to occur due to an increase in temperature every year.

The Future of Carbon Dioxide Emission in Indonesia: Does Deforestation Matter?

Indonesia is a country with one of the highest rates of deforestation in the world. Ten million hectares of main forests in Indonesia had disappeared in the past two decades and 71% of trees in natural forests in Indonesia have been cut during 2013 to 2021. It is estimated that 10% of the CO2 emissions triggered by human actions are from deforestation. Since high CO2 emissions is a negative externality, it will become a burden to society if this problem exists. One of the possibilities to reduce the CO2 emissions problem is through the protection of the forests. Since the presence of forests is important to absorb the carbon produced by human activities, this study tries to find the fact whether there is an impact of deforestation on CO2 emissions in Indonesia by using econometrics modelling. This study applies Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method to examine the impact of deforestation on CO2 emissions. Two models are set with two different data as the representation of deforestation variable. First data is forest area coverage as the independent variable, and the second data is the annual deforestation rate as the independent variable, this study uses CO2 emissions as the dependent variable. The results of both models confirm solid evidence that deforestation is contributing to higher level of CO2 emissions in Indonesia. In term of policy implications, some suggestions for the Indonesian government are (1) enforces reforestation as it is the best way to prevent deforestation, (2) applies more strict punishment for illegal logging, and (3) promotes inclusive and sustainable forest management.