Forest Fires In Indonesia Research Articles

Enhancing fire disaster management: Innovative approaches using physical peatland monitoring data

Background: In Indonesia, the persistent occurrence of forest and land fires highlights the critical importance of early detection in determining the success of mitigation efforts. Method: This study explores several key aspects related to peatland wetness and its impact on fire prevention. Firstly, it examines the relationship between rainfall and the humidity and temperature of peatlands. Secondly, the study investigates peatland wetness as an indicator of hotspot emergence. Thirdly, the study evaluates stakeholder perceptions regarding the use of peat wetness monitoring in determining the emergency status of forest and land fire disasters. Findings: The study's results indicate that rainfall significantly influences peatland humidity, which in turn reflects the level of peat humidity and temperature. It was also found that peatlands with a Dry-Moderate humidity category can be a reliable indicator of the emergence of fire spots. The consensus among stakeholders is that monitoring peatland humidity is very important for decision-making related to emergency status. Finally, this study proposes a forest and land fire mitigation concept based on peatland humidity. Conclusion: This approach aims to reduce the risk of such fires by utilizing monitoring results to enhance preparedness, taking into consideration the current state of peatland wetness. Overall, this research underscores the importance of integrating peatland wetness monitoring into forest and land fire mitigation strategies to improve early detection and reduce the risk of fires. Novelty/Originality of this study: A study of forest fires in Indonesia links peatland wetness to fire hotspots, providing a reliable indicator for early fire detection. This is an innovative approach to forest fire prevention.

The Impact of Government Regulations on Forest Fires on the Decline in Livelihoods of Residents in Pulang Pisau

Forest fires in Indonesia, especially in peatlands such as Pulang Pisau, Central Kalimantan, are a serious problem that impacts the environment and the livelihoods of local communities that depend on agriculture and timber mining. The government has issued strict regulations based on Law Number 32 of 2009, Law Number 41 of 1999, and Government Regulation Number 10 of 2010 to prohibit forest burning to protect the environment. However, the implementation of these regulations often does not take into account local conditions, leading to a decline in livelihoods, poverty, and population migration. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method to analyze the impact of government regulations on forest fires and livelihood decline in Pulang Pisau. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The results of the study show that the regulation limits the traditional practices of communities in managing land, causing a decrease in income and increasing poverty. Community adaptation to these regulations includes diversification of income sources, training, use of technology, and increased community cooperation. The study recommends increased support through proper training, access to environmentally friendly agricultural technologies, and better coordination between central and local governments. A holistic approach is needed to balance environmental protection and the economic well-being of the community. Effective regulatory implementation and ongoing support are expected to reduce forest fires without sacrificing the livelihoods of local communities.

Sentimen Analisis Mengenai Polusi Udara Menggunakan Algoritma Support Vector Machine dan Random Forest

Air pollution is the contamination of indoor or outdoor environments with chemical, physical, or biological substances that change the natural properties of the atmosphere. Domestic incinerators, cars, motorbikes, combustion products from factory processing, waste burning, and forest fires are common sources of air pollution. In Indonesia, there is no doubt that air pollution occurs because of the many forest fires in Indonesia. As a result of this case, many people's opinions differ. Various sentiments occur in cyberspace, one of which is Twitter. Twitter is the social media that accommodates the most various kinds of positive, negative and neutral opinions. Therefore, researchers want to solve the problem by implementing the SVM and Random Forest algorithms. The dataset was obtained from scrapping results using tweet harvest. The data obtained was 5545 tweets. By dividing the dataset model by 80% and 20%, the results showed that the accuracy of the SVM algorithm was better than the Random Forest algorithm. The accuracy of the SVM algorithm is 83% while the Random Forest algorithm is 81%.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PARIS AGREEMENT IN HANDLING CLIMATE CHANGE DUE TO FOREST FIRES IN INDONESIA 2015-2019

Forest fires in Indonesia have become an annual recurring event, considering that Indonesia is a member of the Paris Agreement and ratified the agreement. Thus, Indonesia must be able to commit to the contents of the contract. This research uses a qualitative method and will then be analyzed using the concepts that have been selected. The author uses secondary data with search techniques and data collection through written sources. It is understood that the Government has successfully developed various plans to reduce forest fires by the Paris Agreement commitments. However, there is hesitation in developing effective climate action, and shortcomings emerge, thus reinforcing that the lack of seriousness of this effort can affect Indonesia's Contribution to global efforts. The Government needs to be more serious in carrying out the commitments that have been made in a structured manner and hopes that it can resolve this case as well and as wisely as possible.

Human activities and forest fires in Indonesia: An analysis of the Bromo incident and implications for conservation tourism

This study delves into the Bromo magnitude of the fire incident in Indonesia, a notable tourism destination, uncovering significant gaps in knowledge regarding tourist-induced forest fires. We comprehensively analyze the incident's environmental, economic, social, and tourism impacts. Environmentally, the fire caused severe damage to the region's ecosystems, upsetting ecological balances and diminishing air quality. This has far-reaching effects on flora, fauna, and the sustainability of natural resources. Forest fires release a significant amount of pollutants into the air, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and other harmful compounds. These pollutants can significantly degrade air quality, leading to health issues for humans and animals. The forest fire in the Bromo region of Indonesia had a profound impact, both economically and environmentally. The closure of the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park drastically reduced tourism, leading to an 80 % drop in hotel occupancy and severe losses for local businesses like jeep rentals, eateries, and souvenir shops. Economically, this resulted in a significant decrease in Non-Tax State Revenue. Environmentally, the fire destroyed over 50 hectares of land, severely damaging the national park's ecosystems and affecting biodiversity. The smoke and heat from the fire also led to poor air quality and potential health risks for local residents, as well as adverse effects on nearby agriculture, increasing stress and anxiety in the community.. The study emphasizes the urgent need for stringent regulations, effective community engagement, and educational initiatives in forest conservation areas, particularly those attracting tourists. Our findings offer critical insights for policymakers, local authorities, and stakeholders in the tourism sector, highlighting the necessity of balancing environmental protection with the growth of the global travel industry.

AN ANALYSIS OF FOREST AND LAND FIRE EXTINGUISHING IN INDONESIA INFLUENCED BY THE EL NINO PHENOMENON USING THE WATER BOMBING METHOD

Land and peat forest fires in Indonesia are a serious environmental problem, especially in the years that experience the El Nino phenomenon. El Nino causes dry and hot conditions that trigger fires. One of the methods used to extinguish fires is water bombing, which is spraying water from the air using planes or helicopters. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of the water bombing method in dealing with land and peat forest fires in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data from various sources, such as government reports, research institutions, mass media, and non-governmental organizations. The data is then analyzed using descriptive, comparative, and evaluative methods. The results of the study show that the water bombing method has some advantages, such as fast, flexible, and able to reach areas that are difficult to access. However, this method also has some disadvantages, such as expensive, risky, and less effective in extinguishing fire in the peat soil. Therefore, this study recommends that the water bombing method should be used as one part of a comprehensive fire control strategy, which involves prevention, detection, and recovery. This study also suggests the need for improved coordination, regulation, and innovation in the use of the water bombing method in Indonesia.

Revitalization of Forestry Extension For Prevention Land And Forest Fire: A Learning from Kubu Raya Regency

Various efforts to overcome the problem of land and forest fires in Indonesia are still being carried out. All parties' involvement is necessary to prevent forest and land fires, including forestry extension workers. Prevention is not only in the form of outreach to the public about the prohibition of burning, but prevention is more aimed at how to prevent fires from being lit or small fires from being extinguished before the fire spreads. This is where the role of the forestry extension agent as a community assistance agent is essential. This paper examines the role of forestry extension workers in forest and land fire prevention at the site level. This study uses a qualitative approach with case study methods. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, document studies, focus group discussions. and field observations. The study results indicate that there still needs to be more in the number and capacity of forestry instructors. The revitalization that needs to be done is to increase the capacity of existing extension workers, both forestry and self-employed extension workers. Equitable capacity distribution, especially for self-employed forestry extension workers, needs to be an important concern given the level of trust and specific local strengths that require support. Community empowerment to diversify economic resources has been essential in preventing forest and land fires. In this case, community assistance is the determinant carried out by forestry extension workers.

Aspects of Forest and Forestry Management Laws on the Rate of Deforestation in Indonesia

The thick smoke resulting from forest fires in Indonesia has caught the attention of foreign countries. Through their news channels, foreign nations have commented on the frequent occurrences of forest fires in Indonesia. The phenomenon of forest fires remains an unresolved issue for Indonesia. Deforestation resulting from forest burning continues to persist, especially when carried out deliberately by human activities. While Indonesia has regulations prohibiting land and forest fires, the author will analyze the issues surrounding why land and forest fires incidents persist in Indonesia and how to address them. The researcher employs a descriptive research method with a literature review in data collection, drawing from primary and secondary legal materials. The author s observes inconsistencies in norms regarding the prohibition of land and forest burning. Sanctions for land and forest fires outlined in related regulations vary, lack consistency and lead to overlapping rules. Therefore, there is a need for reformulation of regulations with loopholes. Additionally, regulations concerning indigenous communities should be established to ensure clear recognition and legal certainty for these communities.

Law Enforcement Of The Stockholm Declaration Principles In Relation To Forest And Land Fires In Indonesia

The frequent forest fires in Indonesia are of important concern for ASEAN countries since Indonesia is considered the biggest contributor to smoke-haze pollution. Land and forest fires in Indonesia contribute to exporting haze to Malaysia and Singapore, causing the two countries to urge Indonesia to immediately address the issue of forest fire since the resulting smoke haze is terribly disturbing and dangerous for the people of both countries. Indonesia is one of the developing countries currently in the international spotlight due to the severe damage to its tropical forests annually. Land and forest fires in Indonesia constitute a transnational environmental pollution, creating a thick smoke haze to disrupt the continuity of life and economic activities in most of the region of ASEAN countries. The impacts of the smoke haze caused by forest and land fires are immense, requiring the Indonesian Government to take a firm stand by immediately making regulations to ensnare forest and land burners to cause a deterrent effect not to do the foregoing again. The present paper addresses law enforcement arrangements for land and forest fires in Indonesia and the harmony of the Stockholm Declaration principles with law enforcement arrangements for forest and land burners. The present study is analytical descriptive using the normative juridical approach. It describes the phenomenon and analyzes the legal issues of law enforcement arrangements for land and forest fires. Results show that law enforcement by the Government of Indonesia is regulated by Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry, Law Number 18 of 2004 concerning Plantations and Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. Each of these laws includes provisions on criminal sanctions and fines for forest and land burners. Law enforcement of the Stockholm Declaration principles for forest and land fires is accommodated in Articles 49 and 50 of Law on Forestry.

Pola Kebakaran Hutan di Areal Konservasi Studi Kasus di Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru

Forest fires are disasters that can occur due to environmental conditions that support one of them, such as El Nino events or extreme climatic conditions. One of the factors that influences the occurrence of extreme climates is rainfall. Forest fires in Indonesia are mostly caused by human activities, which are supported by extreme climatic conditions. Forest areas that have the potential to cause forest fires include conservation areas that are closely related to human activities. Conservation areas that are closely related to humans include the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS). TNBTS has the function of a conservation area as well as a tourist area. The existence of humans who become tourists or visitors in conservation area locations creates opportunities for forest fires in conservation areas that are supported by extreme climatic conditions. TNBTS has a rainfall pattern, with the lowest rainfall occurring in May-Jun-Jul-Aug-Sept, while the highest is in Nov-Dec-Jan-Feb-Mar. When there is low rainfall, it can cause the TNBTS area to be prone to fire, so it is necessary to take preventive measures in the month before the dry season occurs. Prevention as an effort to control forest fires can be done by keeping the area tighter at the start of the dry season, namely in May. Based on hotspot data of fire incidents from 2001–2020, the most frequent occurrences were in other nationalities in 2001, 2014, and 2019. Based on the results of identification using data, not all hotspots can be declared fire incidents, but heat generated from the existing crater of Mount Semeru at the TNBTS location.
 Keywords: Bromo Tengger Semeru, Forest Fire, Conservation Area, Hotspot, National Park

Sentiment Analysis and Classification of Forest Fires in Indonesia

Sentiment Analysis and Classification of Forest Fires in Indonesia

Media Framing on Indonesian Forest Fire in Three ASEAN Affected Neighboring Countries

Media Framing on Indonesian Forest Fire in Three ASEAN Affected Neighboring Countries

Discourse of the Implementation of International Principles in Cases of Forest Fires in Indonesia

Lingkungan hidup indonesia merupakan karunia dan rahmat tuhan yang maha memberi yang di berikan kepada rakyat dan bangsa indonesia, UUD 1945 sebagai landasan konstisional mewajibkan agar sumber daya alam atau lingkungangan hidup dapat digunakan untuk sebesar besarnya demi kemakmuran rakyat. Hal ini diatur dalam pasal 33 ayat (2) yang berbunyi: bumi dan air dan kekayaan alam yang terkandung di dalamnya di kuasai oleh negara dan dipergunkan untuk sebsar-besarnya kemakmuran rakyat (Setjen MPR RI 2003 : 29

Law enforcement to control land and forest fires in Indonesia

In Indonesia, the use of fire as a land management practice is regulated by law to counteract its illegal and excessive use, which is often the cause of unwanted wildfires. However, it is often difficult to determine the exact origin of ignition. Perpetrators usually cover their tracks carefully, and judiciary processes by the police and other agencies take considerable time. This article shows how law enforcement has benefitted from the evolution of methods for monitoring fire incidents, using satellite imagery supported by field verification. This has helped to reveal the culprits behind fire incidents, who can then be sentenced to pay fines and compensate for the environmental losses they have caused.

Indonesian Forest and Land Fire Prevention Patrol System

(1) Background: The management of forest and land fires has become of concern to the Indonesian government, as demonstrated by the issuing of the Presidential Instruction of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2015, then replaced by Number 3 of 2020, concerning Forest and Land Fire Management. In 2002, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) established Manggala Agni, a forest fire management organization, at the central government level. This study aims to explain the development of the Indonesian Forest and Land Fire Prevention Patrol System. The system development was conducted by the Computer Science Department of IPB University, in collaboration with the Agency for Climate Change and Forest and Land Fire Management, as well as the Directorate of Forest and Land Fire Management, MoEF. (2) Methods: The system development adopted the steps in the prototyping method, namely communication, quick planning, rapid design modeling, and prototype construction, as well as dissemination, submission, and feedback. (3) Results: The web-based system for the real-time monitoring and analysis of the forest and land fire prevention patrol is integrated into a mobile application for recording field observations during patrol activities. The system testing was successfully conducted by involving the users. The test results show that all features in the system are working correctly and meet the user’s requirements. The mobile application has saved 36.02% of the time for recording the patrol data and 40.32% for creating the patrol reports. In addition, using the web-based application has saved time in preparing the patrol reports by 56.48%.

Scholarly Interest in Forest Fires in Indonesia: A Bibliographical Review

Forest fires in Indonesia have attracted much attention among researchers over the past few decades. This paper aims to systematically map the existing corpus of scientific knowledge on forest fires in Indonesia. The systematic maps visualize which areas of significant activity and indicate specific interests and motives. The systematic analysis is also helpful in improving the understanding of current issues, problems, and challenges. From the scientific database of Scopus, we found 209 peer-reviewed journal articles directly related to forest fires in Indonesia published between 1989 and 2021 (July). In general, the number of publications rose after major fire events, notably in 1997/1998. The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-related big fires seem to be the primary driver of more scientific inquiries. The present review shows that although fires occurred throughout the year, they mainly occurred in the dry season, indicating the crucial role of weather even though it is not the direct cause of fire ignition. Our research shows that all types of forest functions in Indonesia have experienced fires, but approximately half of the studied fires occurred in conservation areas. More specifically, previous studies have been more dedicated to secondary forests. The studies generally pointed out that secondary forests are more prone to fires. More than a half of the existing scientific work was looking at human-induced fires, although natural hazards drove that came close. Regarding human-induced drivers, most research was dedicated to the links between fires and the use of fires in land preparation for both small-scale agricultural activities and commercial plantations. The impacts of forest fires have been the most studied topic among scholars on fires in Indonesia. More specifically, the existing research was focused on the ecological/ environmental effects dominated by studies on the impacts of air quality and biodiversity. Interestingly, the existing research rarely addressed other issues, such as local livelihoods and how they adapt to environmental changes.

PENGAMATAN KONDISI FISIK LAHAN GAMBUT UNTUK MEMPERKUAT MITIGASI BENCANA KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN DI PROVINSI RIAU

Forest fire in Indonesia is a cataclysmic event that routinely happens consistently every year. The Indonesian government's intervention in suppressing forest fires is often carried out when massive fires have already occurred massively. When it happens in peat soil, forest fires become hard to extinguish because of the characteristics of burning below the ground surface, better known as the phenomenon of peat smoldering. Thus, that condition challenges the mitigation of forest fires in Indonesia to prioritize preventive principles in its implementation, one of which is through observing the physical condition of peatlands. This study examines and identifies existing regulations and policies concerning forest fires disaster mitigation by taking Riau Province as study area, one of Indonesia's areas that are, in many cases, hit by forest fires annually. Through the analysis of literature studies of relevant sources, this paper seeks to provide input on how monitoring the physical condition of peatlands can support decision-making related to forest fires disaster mitigation activities. This study explains that policies and regulations concerning the mitigation of forest fire in Indonesia still have not considered the scientific basis of the peatland physical parameters for mitigation activities, especially in determining disaster status level, which has further implications for the effectiveness of forest fires suppression activities. Furthermore, this study also highlights that by monitoring peatlands' physical condition, peatlands can be implemented to improve the paradigm in overcoming forest fires in Indonesia to be more preventive and succesful.

Using Conditional Cash Payments to Prevent Land-Clearing Fires: Cautionary Findings from Indonesia

Land-clearing forest fires in Indonesia cause enormous private and social losses in the form of greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, habitat destruction, worsened human health, and strained international relations. These fires are almost always deliberately set, often (but not always) by smallholders as they seek to expand farm size. The Government of Indonesia has taken primarily a regulatory approach to preventing these fires by imposing bans and making them illegal. This paper studies an alternative approach, explored in part through a large policy experiment focused instead on the use of positive financial incentives. We first summarize our 275-village randomized control (RCT) policy experiment from 4 fire-prone districts in West Kalimantan. These results showed no effects on fire outcomes from a conditional cash payment, even though there were some changes in behavior. The article then draws on survey results and other published documents to explain qualitatively why the results occurred. We argue that climate variation, government policy on decentralization, population density, and accidents appear to explain fire outcomes among villages more than did the opportunity to “win” a conditional payment of USD 10,800. Fundamentally, this sum did not compete with the high net present value of land for growing oil palm. The high net present value appeared to prove irresistible to a small percentage of villagers, despite the illegality of using fire to clear forested margins. More generally, this article provides a broad, cautionary understanding of why policies that only use conditional payments to prevent fires are unlikely to be successful in Indonesia’s oil palm regions.

Lockdown effect on carbon monoxide concentration over Malaysia and Indonesia

An increase in Indonesian forest fires has infuriated Malaysia and Indonesia, where residents are inhaling smoke from peat and trees burned hundreds of miles away. The global COVID-19 lockdowns caused carbon monoxide (CO) emissions decreased seen over Malaysia and Indonesia regions. The main objective of this study is to investigate the CO distribution over Malaysia and Indonesia, within the period of January 2011 to December 2021. The impact of lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 to CO concentration over Malaysia and Indonesia also was reviewed. This study utilizes MERRA-2 dataset provided by Giovanni interface. Five areas were found to be affected the most during the study period which is Kuala Lumpur, Jambi, Riau, Palembang, and Jakarta. Carbon monoxide concentration over the studied region exhibits a strong seasonality showing maximum value in dry season (July to October). September 2019 is found to have the highest trend of CO concentration affected Jambi region. As COVID-19 pandemic hit the whole world by end of year 2019, all the studied regions shown the decreasing trend after September 2019 and no high peak was observed during dry season (July to October) in 2020 and 2021. This is the combined effect of wetter dry season and an impact of lockdown implemented by government of Malaysia and Indonesia.

The estimated total area of forest fire in Siak Regency, Riau Province during the early period of COVID-19 outbreak

Forest fires in Indonesia are more prominently caused by human factors rather than natural factors. In 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak resulted in social distancing policies which leads to the restriction and limitation of human activities. This research aims to compare the forest fire areas and the number of cases between the early period of the COVID-19 outbreak and the normal period before the outbreak. In this research, we used Sentinel-2 images for further analysis through visual method and Normalized Burn Ratio method. Additionally, the ground check was also carried out in the burnt area. The estimation based on the visual analysis resulted in a total burnt area of 459.71 ha with 4 counts of cases. While based on the NBR result, it was 302.79 ha. For comparison, during the same period in 2019 in the same focus research area, there are 7 forest fire cases with a total burnt area of 1,236.80 ha. These results indicate that in terms of total burnt area and count of cases, there are fewer burnt areas in 2020 compared to the burnt areas in 2019. In conclusion, restrictions on human activity are suspected to be the cause of the reduced area of the fire.