Forensic Institutions Research Articles

RATHER BAD THAN MAD? A RECONSIDERATION OF CRIMINAL INCAPACITY AND PSYCHOSOCIAL DISABILITY IN SOUTH AFRICAN LAW IN LIGHT OF THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

Article 12(2) of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities requires the recognition that persons with disabilities enjoy legal capacity on an equal basis with others in all aspects of life. Such acknowledgment implies that state parties to the Convention, including South Africa, will have to reassess their existing legal provisions relating to legal capacity. These legal measures typically include a rule to the effect that where a person accused of a criminal offence lacks criminal capacity as a result of an intellectual or psychosocial disability, he or she cannot be held liable in criminal law (often referred to as the ‘insanity defence’). This article examines the potential influence of the recognition of universal legal capacity in the CRPD on the insanity defence, with specific emphasis on the current position in South African law. It commences with an overview of the normative content of article 12 of the CRPD as it relates to the notion of criminal capacity and also considers the interpretations of this provision as proposed by academic commentators. These interpretations may be described as, first, an abolitionist position (calling for boththe elimination of the insanity defence and the concomitant mandatory committal of the accused to forensic psychiatric institutions) and, second, an integrationist position (suggesting the development of disability-neutral rules on criminalcapacity). A third approach strongly argues in favour of retaining the insanity defence while at the same time reconsidering the institutionalisation of an accused person following an acquittal based on this defence. The present South African legislative dispensation regarding criminal capacity is subsequently examined and measured against the CRPD. The article concludes with a number of observations in view of potential law reform.

Analysis of suicide in Toulouse: Recommendations on suicide prevention

Worldwide, suicide remains a major public health problem whose impact in human and economic terms is important. Many studies have been carried out on this subject, including the study of risk factors for suicide. Nevertheless, in the absence of an effective and strengthened collaboration between the forensic institutes and the Epidemiological Centre on the Medical Causes of Death (CépiDc), epidemiological data concerning suicide in France remain underestimated, which impedes the implementation of an effective and necessary means of prevention against this scourge. In this work, we conducted an epidemiological profile of suicides at the forensic institute of Toulouse for 3 years. During the study period 715 cases of suicide were collected, with an overwhelming male predominance of 534 men (75%) and 181 women (25%). The average age was 53.94 years, with extremes of 12 and 101 years. Hanging was the most common method of suicide (41.7%) for both sex. Seasonal variations in the frequency of suicides were also reported during our study: lower frequencies in winter and higher frequencies in summer. Among the determinants of suicidal acts, depression (34.7%) was predominant among mental disorders in suicides. Dans le monde, le suicide demeure un problème majeur de santé publique dont l’impact en termes humains et économiques est important. Maintes études se sont intéressées à ce sujet notamment l’étude des facteurs de risque de suicide. Néanmoins, en l’absence d’une collaboration efficace et renforcée entre les instituts médico-légaux et le Centre épidémiologique des causes médicales de décès (CépiDc), les données épidémiologiques concernant le suicide en France restent sous-estimées, ce qui entrave la mise en place des moyens de prévention efficaces contre ce fléau. Le but de notre étude est de dresser le profil épidémiologique des victimes de suicide survenant à l’institut médico-légal de Toulouse pendant 3 ans. Nous avons colligé 715 cas de suicide durant la période d’étude. La prédominance masculine a été particulièrement marquée avec 534 hommes (75 %) et 181 femmes (25 %). L’âge moyen dans notre série a été de 53,94 ans avec des extrêmes allant de 12 ans à 101 ans. La pendaison était le mode de suicide le plus fréquent (41,7 %) chez les deux sexes. Des variations saisonnières des fréquences de suicide ont également été rapportées durant notre étude: des fréquences plus faibles en hiver et des fréquences plus élevées en été. Pour les déterminants du passage à l’acte suicidaire, la dépression (34,7 %) a occupé une place prépondérante parmi les troubles mentaux chez les suicidés.

Assessment of violence risk in 440 psychiatric patients in China: examining the feasibility and acceptability of a novel and scalable approach (FoVOx)

BackgroundViolence risk assessment is a routine part of clinical services in mental health, and in particular secure psychiatric hospitals. The use of prediction models and risk tools can assist clinical decision-making on risk management, including decisions about further assessments, referral, hospitalization and treatment. In recent years, scalable evidence-based tools, such as Forensic Psychiatry and Violent Oxford (FoVOx), have been developed and validated for patients with mental illness. However, their acceptability and utility in clinical settings is not known. Therefore, we conducted a clinical impact study in multiple institutions that provided specialist mental health service.MethodsWe followed a two-step mixed-methods design. In phase one, we examined baseline risk factors on 330 psychiatric patients from seven forensic psychiatric institutes in China. In phase two, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 clinicians regarding violence risk assessment from ten mental health centres. We compared the FoVOx score on each admission (n = 110) to unstructured clinical risk assessment and used a thematic analysis to assess clinician views on the accuracy and utility of this tool.ResultsThe median estimated probability of violent reoffending (FoVOx score) within 1 year was 7% (range 1–40%). There was fair agreement (72/99, 73% agreement) on the risk categories between FoVOx and clinicians’ assessment on risk categories, and moderate agreement (10/12, 83% agreement) when examining low and high risk categories. In a majority of cases (56/101, 55%), clinicians thought the FoVOx score was an accurate representation of the violent risk of an individual patient. Clinicians suggested some additional clinical, social and criminal risk factors should be considered during any comprehensive assessment. In addition, FoVOx was considered to be helpful in assisting clinical decision-making and individual risk assessment. Ten out of 11 clinicians reported that FoVOx was easy to use, eight out of 11 was practical, and all clinicians would consider using it in the future.ConclusionsClinicians found that violence risk assessment could be improved by using a simple, scalable tool, and that FoVOx was feasible and practical to use.

Autopsies in pandemics - a perspective on barriers and benefits. Is it time for a revival?

Influenza virus and coronavirus pandemics regularly sweep the globe, at great cost of health and economy. Our aim was to conduct a PubMed search for autopsy studies on influenza and coronavirus to investigate the contribution of autopsies during pandemics, focussing on autopsy methods and procedures and the role of autopsy findings in pandemics. The retrieved autopsy studies generally relied on microscopy, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunostaining and electron microscopy. Most were small and reported on lung effects, including diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), pneumonia and tracheobronchitis. Antibiotic therapy has diminished a role for bacterial pneumonia, whereas obesity is an emerging risk factor. Autopsy studies have provided new insights into coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) treatments like anti‐coagulative therapy. Unfortunately, autopsies during pandemics are hampered by lack of guidelines, facilities and expertise for handling potentially infectious corpses and by widely varying recommendations for personal protective equipment and procedures. The Department of Forensic Pathology, at the Forensic Institute, at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark has, in collaboration with the Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, initiated a prospective observational study on COVID‐19‐related deaths encompassing postmortem imaging, standardized autopsy procedures/reporting and extensive tissue sampling for histological, chemical, microbiological and genetic analysis. The study involves a diverse array of research groups at the University of Copenhagen, and the clinical field.

Visual Analysis of the External Characteristics and Research Hotspots of Literatures in International Forensic Science.

Objective To analyze the forensic science-related literature included in the Web of Science database in the recent decade through bibliometric methods, to provide reference for relevant research. Methods Literatures were searched in 3 ways： Subject search, Journal search and Institution search. The annual distribution, national （regional） distribution, institution distribution, journal distribution and the research hotspots of the related literatures were analyzed through Thomson Data Analyzer （TDA）, Ucinet, VOSviewer, and so on. Results A total of 49 469 related literatures were included in the recent decade. The number of literatures continued to climb year by year. The top 15 countries （regions） accounted for 78.52% of the total number of published literatures, and China ranked 5th, but ranked 12th in terms of the proportion of high-cited papers; Netherlands, Switzerland, Australia, etc. had high comprehensive influence. The number of countries （regions） that cooperated with China were 129, including the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. The Institute of Forensic Science of Saint Mary's University, University of Sydney and Netherlands Forensic Institute had high comprehensive influence, and the related literatures were published on 6 357 journals. According to high-frequency co-occurrence network and high-cited papers, brain injury, health policy, assessment scales and models and medical imaging were selected as research hotspots. Conclusion The total number of literatures in forensic science included in international SCI increased significantly, and the influence of China's achievements needs to be greatly enhanced; the research institutions were scattered, and China's research power needs to be continuously condensed; the research hotspots in international fields are extensive, and the international participation of China in top level research needs to be strengthened.

Treatment resistance and prolonged length of stay among schizophrenia inpatients in forensic institutions.

Patients suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorders are the largest group of forensic inpatients worldwide, therefore the identification of factors that influence how long service users experiencing schizophrenia spend in forensic hospitals is one of the most important research areas in forensic psychiatry. Methods: Analysis of data of 87 schizophrenia inpatients, hospitalized in a medium secure forensic unit. Results: Mental disorders among family members, alcohol or substance dependence diagnosis, the severity of the criminal behavior demonstrated by homicide/homicide attempts and features of treatment resistance as persistent psychotic symptoms and current treatment with >1 antipsychotics was proven to influence the length of stay (LoS).

A Postmortem Portrait of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Large Multi-institutional Autopsy Survey Study

This study represents the largest compilation to date of clinical and postmortem data from decedents with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It will augment previously published small series of autopsy case reports, refine clinicopathologic considerations, and improve the accuracy of future vital statistical reporting. To accurately reflect the preexisting diseases and pathologic conditions of decedents with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection through autopsy. Comprehensive data from 135 autopsy evaluations of COVID-19-positive decedents is presented, including histologic assessment. Postmortem examinations were performed by 36 pathologists at 19 medical centers or forensic institutions in the United States and Brazil. Data from each autopsy were collected through the online submission of multiple-choice and open-ended survey responses. Patients dying of or with COVID-19 had an average of 8.89 pathologic conditions documented at autopsy, spanning a combination of prior chronic disease and acute conditions acquired during hospitalization. Virtually all decedents were cited as having more than 1 preexisting condition, encompassing an average of 2.88 such diseases each. Clinical conditions during terminal hospitalization were cited 395 times for the 135 autopsied decedents and predominantly encompassed acute failure of multiple organ systems and/or impaired coagulation. Myocarditis was rarely cited. Cause-of-death statements in both autopsy reports and death certificates may not encompass the severity or spectrum of comorbid conditions in those dying of or with COVID-19. If supported by additional research, this finding may have implications for public health decisions and reporting moving forward through the pandemic.

Current Trends in Training Forensic Experts in Ukraine

The system of forensic expert training in Ukraine has been considered in detail. Particular attention is devoted to the need to bring the training of state forensic experts and forensic experts who are not employees of state forensic science institution to uniform administrative and legal standards, as well as to existence of outdated norms on training forensic experts, and gaps in legislation that leads to insufficient meeting of the needs of law enforcement agencies and court in objective and high-quality forensic expert conclusions. Analysis of administrative legislation of Ukraine in terms of forensic expert training has allowed to formulate proposals to improve the activity. The focus is the need for further administrative and legal settlement of the issue of international cooperation of state specialised forensic science institution in terms of exchange of trainees with forensic science institutions of other states.

Implementation of Preventive Activity; Foreign Experience in Criminological Work of Forensic Science Institutions

This article considers the issue of using modern foreign experience of preventive activity in criminological work of forensic science institutions of Ukraine. Peculiarities of main organisational forms of forensic activity have been analysed through special institutions (forensic science institutions) and through specific professionals: forensic experts (for example, practice of witness institution: professionals who took the oath or obtained a license for forensic examination conducting), international standards used in forensic science. The position of necessity of legislative introduction of international standards in conducting forensic examination is revealed and substantiated.

ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN THE ACCREDITATION OF VARIOUS AREAS OF FORENSIC EXPERT ACTIVITIES

The article deals with the practical aspects of accreditation of different areas of forensic expert activity, that allow creating an effective mechanism that will help move to a new level of forensic technology. The authors consider the structure of a specific integrated module of the management system in a forensic institution, provides an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages in terms of the development, implementation, disposal of such systems during accreditation. In conclusion, the authors share their proposals for improving the assessment by the accreditation bodies in connection with the above mentioned.

SUBJECTS OF SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF EXPERTISE IN THE SPHERE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

The article is devoted to the definition, based on the analysis of scientific publications and the prescriptions of domestic legislation, the subject composition of forensic relations and relations in the field of intellectual property, which directly or indirectly participate in the regulation, management, development, use and improvement of scientific and methodological support of forensic expert activities in the field of intellectual property. It has been established that at the legislative level the following are identified: – subjects of organizational relations of departmental scientific and methodological support of forensic expert activity; – subjects of coordination and publishing relations of interdepartmental development of forensic examination; – subjects of the relationship of attestation and state registration of methods of conducting forensic examinations. It is proposed to distinguish between the following types of object-subject warehouses: 1) objects that need support (forensic expertise, forensic examination, expert proceedings); 2) objects that meet the needs of the corresponding level of action (scientific and methodological benefits); 3) entities in need of support (forensic institutions, forensic experts) 4) entities that provide for the needs (ministries, advisory bodies, forensic experts). It has been suggested that the subject requiring collateral can be simultaneously the subject performing this collateral. The expediency is argued and the differentiation of subjects of scientific and methodological support of forensic expert activity in the field of intellectual property on the following integration levels is proposed: – national (regulatory, managerial, judicial); – sectoral; – production (state, private); – territorial; – public (permanent, temporary) – self-regulating; – direct (personal, collective, employee, manager) – functional (organizational, managerial, controlling, security, executive, reporting).

Some Problems of Organizing the Production of Forensic Examinations in Non-State Expert Institutions and Private Experts

Currently, the existing system of expert subdivisions in Russia allows officials investigating crimes to effectively use their capabilities in terms of conducting forensic examinations of various classes, genera and types. Despite the current favorable situation in terms of the interaction of employees of investigative and expert departments, often, investigators, interrogators, when appointing forensic examinations, face a number of problems associated with a lack of forensic experts, their heavy workload and, as a result, an increase in the duration of the investigation of crimes. This article discusses alternative options for assigning forensic examinations to non-state expert institutions and private experts. The advantages and disadvantages of organizing the production of forensic examinations outside state expert institutions are highlighted.

ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ КОЛЛЕКЦИЙ В СУДЕБНОЙ ЭКСПЕРТИЗЕ

The paper considers the issue of extensive application of local expert collections in forensic expert practice. The study shows that the necessity of extensive application of such collections and other local reference-assistive means occurs due to criminalistics digitalization. The author specifies the concept of local expert collections; proposes to carry out expert collections digitalization according to the matrix principle of the object’s characteristics fixation. The study identified that the practicality of the extensive application of such collections is caused by the network approach introduction to the forensic expert activity. The author proves the applicability of semantic networks to ensure the efficiency of using expert collections. The necessity to overcome the experienced counter-acting the investigation determines the importance of extensive application of digitalized collections. The author implements the technological approach to the expert studies using the specimen copies from expert collections; proposes to support the information provision block in the forensic expert study technologies with references to the local collections stored in a cloud resource. Within the block of assignments for forensic studies, it is offered to provide an initiative comparison of an object under the study with the collection standards regarding falsification or other change in its characteristics. It provides information security measures. Such measures are the collection exchange channel duplication and block-chain technology. The paper presents a validation procedure for expert collections located in network resources of forensic expert institutions. Expert collection validation involves the research activities regarding the adequacy of their digital representation and the expert collections approval in terms of applicability for solving particular expert tasks. Complex application of expert collections represented in digital format supplies digital criminalistics with new forensic investigation resources.

Quality Assurance Accreditation Standards and the Forensic Accounting Profession in Nigeria

This study examined the level of compliance of the forensic accounting profession in Nigeria with the Quality Assurance Accreditation Standards (QAAS), and the present state of the profession in the country, using both primary and secondary data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data obtained from 161 respondents. A significant difference was found between the current state of the forensic accounting profession in Nigeria and the requirements of the QAAS. This study found that the profession lacks statutory regulatory institutions which enable legal frameworks in Nigeria. It was also found that the contribution of Nigerian universities to the advancement of forensic accounting is not significant due to insufficiently trained university lecturers and lack of facilities. This led to an acute shortage of qualified professionals in practice and a low standard of service delivery in the field. Many of the existing practitioners lack the requisite skills to function effectively. We concluded that the profession in Nigeria has not provided the expected impact on the fight against economic and financial crimes, and without QAAS in place the profession would remain powerless against the economic and financial crimes in the country. We recommend that the Nigerian Federal Government should create forensic regulatory institutions to ensure that the forensic accounting profession in Nigeria is focused on best practices and complies with the QAAS requirements.

МОДЕЛЬ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЮ ПОЖАРОВ НА ОСНОВЕ СЦЕНАРНОГО ПОДХОДА

Purpose. Fire investigation is one of the main functions of EMERCOM of Russia. The analysis of activity results of Federal Fire Service forensic institutions based on the current model shows that the point of fire origin is not identified with sufficient accuracy in 63 % of cases, and the fire cause is not unambiguously identified in 74 % of cases. This situation makes it impossible to create an incident information model, to establish cause-and-effect relationships between the phenomena and conditions at a fire scene and also to give the correct legal qualification of the incident. The purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of fire investigation activities. Methods. The study is based on the theory of system analysis, the theory of functions and the theory of risks. The authors use methods of mathematical modeling and information synthesis, instrumental methods for their support, methods of informatics, expert analysis and combinatorics. Findings. A scenario approach to organize fire investigation activities is proposed. It allows effectively identifying the circumstances of fire occurrence, fire development and negative fire consequences. The problems of the proposed approach are the need to develop a reasonable list of scenarios to be investigated under conditions of information uncertainty and the labour-consuming nature of scenario research, which requires the availability of software and powerful computers. Research application field. The use of the proposed approach will improve the accuracy of determining a fire scenario with severe thermal damage to building structures and interior items caused by fire heat as well as with uneven distribution of fire load in the compartment with the ignition source, taking into account the specific gas exchange in the compartment during a fire and other parameters. Conclusions. The proposed activity model based on the scenario approach, which includes the physical evidence investigation at a fire scene and the results of mathematical modeling of the dynamics of hazardous fire factors, enables to determine the point of fire origin and the cause of the fire and also to establish cause-and-effect relationships between the fire and negative fire consequences with sufficient accuracy.

ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЬ СУДОВОГО ЕКСПЕРТА В ПРОЦЕСІ ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ЕКСПЕРТИЗИ

The article assesses the main types of liability that can be applied to a forensic expert during the economic examination, for improper performance of their duties. It is determined that the norm of responsibility is provided by the domestic legislation. The following types of liability are applied to the work of experts: criminal, administrative, material and disciplinary. In addition to legal responsibility, the expert is also responsible for moral and ethical responsibility for the quality of their work. The types of criminal liability of a forensic expert in the process of conducting an economic examination, which are provided by the Criminal Procedure Code and the Criminal Code of Ukraine, are described. The administrative responsibility regulated by the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses of Part 3 of Art. 1853 and 1854. It is determined that in the process of conducting forensic examinations, material liability may also be applied to the expert. It is applied if the expert caused damage to the object of examination by his actions. The procedure for applying disciplinary expertise to a forensic expert is considered in detail. In particular, the procedure for managing disciplinary liability, types of disciplinary misconduct, types of decisions made by the disciplinary chamber of the Central Expert Qualification Commission, cases when disciplinary proceedings are not initiated, types of decisions based on disciplinary liability of an expert, components of the decision of the Central Expert Chamber. -qualification commission, types of disciplinary sanctions, etc. It is determined that in addition to the legal expert is also morally and ethically responsible for the quality of his work before the person who appointed the forensic examination, the court, the defense, the prosecution, the head of the forensic institution; according to the results of the study, he is obliged to give a conclusion in accordance with professional ethics and without compromising his own conscience. It is noted that in administrative proceedings it is advisable to apply preventive measures aimed at verifying the fact of the expert's good experience, his competence, implementation of the forensic expert's preparation for the real case by providing appropriate advice, checking his psychological condition and assessing his previous activities.

Actual problems of methodological support of forensic examination

The article discusses the current situation and development trends in the methodological support of forensic examination. Issues related to methodological support and the development of scientific and methodological activities are of interest both locally and internationally. According to the author, these aspects are closely related to management theories and modern management methods. The speed of global economic development and its impact on the provision of institutions for the methodological development of forensic science also should take into account. The author proposes to consider the possibility of developing the concept of introducing methods and mechanisms of a market economy in the management of the activities of state forensic institutions, which can ensure the further development of the examination as a whole. Formation of knowledge management, forecasting and unification of expert linguistics is presented as part of the methodological support of forensic examination. The development of these directions seems necessary.

Introduction of new professional standards in the education system of fire and rescue units of the ministry of emergency situations of Russia

An analysis was made of the current requirements for the training of fire and technical experts and external pilots of the emergency and disaster response system. By the example of training forensic experts of forensic institutions and expert subdivisions of the Federal Fire-Fighting Service of the State Fire-Fighting Service (fire extinguisher expert) the introduction of new professional standards into the educational system of this specialty was examined, on the basis of which the recommendations for modifying the educational program, in order to increase the quality of fire place examination were proposed. When extending the training program of the firefighting expert in the field of external piloting training, the trainee will additionally master professional competences in control and maintenance of unmanned aerial systems. Supplementing the training program for specialists of judicial-expert and expert subdivisions of the Federal Fire-Fighting Service of the State Fire-Fighting Service with labor functions in flight operation of unmanned aircraft systems, including one or more unmanned aircrafts, will allow the graduate of the educational organization to be awarded the qualification “External pilot”, which, in turn, will also improve the quality of the above-mentioned subdivisions.

Terror and wonder: whose choice is it anyway?

Tragedy in its classic form represents the ambiguity of human nature, and explores the tension between the hero's actions and his or her progressive acquisition of self-knowledge. This is where they learn who they really are and what their actions mean in relation to their identity. Similarly, as forensic psychotherapists, we are spectators of the tragic events that get told and re-enacted in the therapeutic process. However, we are also actors, in that we join our patients in the process of uncovering the meanings of their actions. Why did they act the way they did? Who were they trying to destroy? Or, were they actually trying to repair? In being at the crossroad between ethical and political, forensic institutions present many analogies with the Greek tragic phenomenon. Like tragedy, prisons contain those who have enacted society's most obscure phantasies and those who look after them. Both are the source of "terror and wonder". In this article I use the tragic paradigm to explore the conflicts intrinsic to forensic institutions, as they emerged in the context of a staff support programme in prison.

THE CASES OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN PROTRACTED QUARANTINE CAUSED BY COVID-19

Relevance. The analysis demonstrated that legislative documents in Ukraine were developed to prevent and combat domestic violence, protect and respect human rights. The basic standards of the regulatory framework of Ukraine are consistent with the Istanbul Convention. A positive moment in the modern legislation of Ukraine is the establishment of restrictive measures for people who have committed domestic violence in the form of a ban on staying in a place of joint residence with a person who has suffered from domestic violence. Some recommendations on conducting a forensic medical examination in cases of domestic violence are proposed. Displayed aspects of an ethical approach in the "Rules for the Examination of Victims, Accused, and Other Persons" in order to reduce psychological trauma during the examination.
 Objective: to analyze and summarize the legal and forensic aspects of providing legal assistance to victims of domestic violence in Ukraine and to offer recommendations for their improvement
 Material and methods. The materials are data from available Internet sources within the spring of 2020; 68 appeals to forensic medical institutions. The analysis was performed using a descriptive method; fixation methods, statistical processing of the results.
 Results. Ukraine is oriented towards European standards, including in the area of issues of prevention and counteraction to domestic violence and respect for human rights. Recommended using modern methods of fixation during data collection and further examination of the victim in order to be able to use the obtained data by the parties to criminal proceedings / Сourt.
 Conclusions. The issue of prevention and counteraction to domestic violence needs special attention and further resolution due to the increase in domestic violence cases, especially during quarantine caused by COVID-19.