Foreign Trade Of Ukraine Research Articles

STUDY OF EXPORT AND IMPORT POTENTIAL OF THE SALT MARKET IN UKRAINE

Purpose. Objective of the work – to study the state and development trends of the salt market in Ukraine and its place in the global salt market in the context of increasing competition in times of turmoil. Tasks of the work – to analyze the dynamics of global salt production in general and across leading countries; to identify the specifics of export-import activities by salt-producing countries; to determine the position of Ukraine's salt market in the global salt market during the war. Design/ Methodoogy/ Approach. To achieve the research goal, the following methods were used: Аnalytical method – for quantitative analysis of production and identifying the export-import potential of the global salt market; Statistical method – for analyzing the dynamics of global salt production and the structure of production by salt-producing countries; analyzing the export-import activities of salt-producing countries in the global salt market, and interpreting the balance and competitiveness of Ukraine's foreign trade in salt; Systematic method – for studying the economic conditions of the salt market in Ukraine. Conclusions/ added value. The potential for the development of the salt market in Ukraine remains uncertain due to the war and changes in global trends. The following trends can be attributed to the development of the global salt market: the import and export of salt will increase annually for leading countries. Ensuring Ukraine's salt needs through domestic extraction mainly relies on the Solotvyno deposit, which is located in secure territories and has confirmed reserves listed in the State Reserve Balance. It also has a high level of mining-geological exploration with pre-project solutions for salt extraction. Increasing the productivity of the Tereblya deposit requires innovative technologies. The prospect of liberating the city of Soledar, where the facilities of the state enterprise "ARTEMSIL" are located, should not be ruled out. It is expected that during the post-war recovery period, "ARTEMSIL" will restore its production capacities to provide the population with domestically produced salt. In 2024, if a salt shortage occurs in Ukraine's food market due to the primary salt producer, "ARTEMSIL," being located in an active combat zone, the introduction of an export licensing and quota regime is expected.

FEATURES OF FOREIGN TRADE BETWEEN UKRAINE AND THE USA IN 2015-2023

Objective. The objective of the present study is to analyze the state and identify the features of the development of foreign trade relations between Ukraine and the United States in 2015-2023. Methods. The following methods and techniques of cognition were used: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction (to substantiate the importance and role of the United States in the development of Ukraine's foreign trade relations), analysis of series of dynamics (to identify trends and patterns of development, peculiarities of the dynamics of foreign trade relations between Ukraine and the United States), graphical (to visualise the peculiarities of the development of foreign trade relations between Ukraine and the United States). Results. Based on the study of the status and peculiarities of development of foreign trade relations between Ukraine and the USA in 2015-2023, the author establishes that despite the fact that the history of development of foreign trade relations between Ukraine and the USA dates back to 1992, during 1992-2023, more than 100 different agreements were concluded between Ukraine and the USA, during the period under analysis, the USA was not the main foreign trade partner of Ukraine - the share of trade with the USA accounted for an average of 7.5% of Ukraine's foreign trade turnover. It is proved that during 2015-2023, foreign trade relations between the countries steadily developed and deepened, which was reflected in the growth of the share of foreign trade between the countries in the total foreign trade of Ukraine by 6.4%. It is established that during 2015-2021, the lion's share of foreign trade turnover between the countries was formed by foreign trade in goods, but starting from 2022 - by foreign trade in services (in 2022, foreign trade in services accounted for 82.1% of foreign trade between Ukraine and the United States, in 2023 - 76.9%). It was determined that in 2015-2023: the rate of growth of the volume of foreign trade in services of Ukraine and the USA was almost 6.5 times higher than the rate of growth of the volume of foreign trade in goods, as of 2023, foreign trade in services significantly exceeded foreign trade in goods in terms of volume; the balance of foreign trade in goods was negative and constantly growing; the coefficient of coverage of imports by exports was characterized by a constant tendency to decrease; the main articles of Ukrainian commodity exports to the USA were products made of cast iron or steel, iron and steel, preparations made from vegetables, fruits, nuts or other parts of plants; imports - means of transport, except railway or tram rolling stock; mineral fuel, petroleum products and products of their distillation; machines and mechanical devices, boilers, nuclear reactors, their parts; the balance of foreign trade in services was both positive (in 2015-2021) and negative (in 2022-2023); the coefficient of coverage of imports by exports significantly decreased by almost 0.93 points; the main articles of Ukrainian export of services to the USA were: air transport services; construction; services related to financial activities; financial services paid directly; auxiliary services in the field of financial activity; services related to patent activity; services in the field of telecommunications, computer and information services; computer services; information services; scientific and technical services; imports of Ukrainian services from the USA were: state and governmental services; auxiliary services in the field of financial activity; services related to financial activities; trade-related services and brokerage services other royalties.

STRATEGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INERNATIONAL TRADE IN UKRAINE

Foreign economic security is one of the key aspects of the stable development of the economy of any country, including Ukraine. To strengthen it, it is necessary to develop and implement strategic directions aimed at ensuring reliable and sustainable functioning of the economy and reducing its dependence on external risks. The practical significance of the study of strategies for the development of the State's foreign economic activity is to identify the main guidelines for Ukraine's further development in the context of post-war recovery. The purpose of the study is to identify the main strategic directions for the further development of Ukraine's foreign trade operations caused by the development of the European integration process, the complication of the political and legal situation, and changes in partnership relations between countries. The following priority areas of action have been identified for Ukraine's foreign trade in view of European integration: adherence to and acceleration of the strategic sequence of reforms, taking into account changes in the state of political and economic relations; Increasing financial and technical support from the EU, subject to the conditions for increasing the transparency of cash flows and the efficiency of their use; increasing partnership with non-European countries.

Foreign Trade of Ukraine’s ICT Sector: state and prospects

The article analyses the dynamics, features and structure of foreign trade of the ICT sector of Ukraine in 2008-2022, focusing on the exports and imports of ICT goods and services. It has been determined that the commodity structure of Ukraine’s ICT sector exports is dominated by communication equipment and consumer electronics, and that Ukraine mainly exported ICT goods to European countries, in particular to Hungary, Russia, Moldova, and Austria. At the same time, Ukraine imported the most communication equipment, as well as computer and peripheral equipment, mainly from China and Vietnam. The study of dynamics showed a long-term trend of decreasing exports and increasing imports of ICT goods by Ukraine. Additionally, the trade balance and indices of international trade in ICT goods showed a low level of specialization of Ukraine in the production and export of ICT goods. Having examined the structure of Ukraine's ICT services exports, we found that computer services predominate. The main importers of ICT services from Ukraine include the United States, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Malta, and other countries. In addition, it has been determined that technology companies from countries that import ICT services from Ukraine have gradually opened their own R&D centres in Ukraine. The study of the dynamics of foreign trade in ICT services during 2008-2022 showed a constant upward trend in the volume and share of ICT services in Ukraine's exports of services. In addition, the calculation of the trade balance and international trade indices for 2008-2022 showed a high level of specialization and competitiveness of ICT services in the Ukrainian economy. The article identifies the main factors and reasons that influenced the trends in foreign trade of the ICT sector of Ukraine. Finally, three possible scenarios for the development of Ukraine's ICT sector over the next few years were outlined.

The impact of the war on Ukraine's foreign trade

Abstract The article considers theoretical and practical aspects of the war's impact on Ukraine's foreign trade. The choice of the topic is due to the need to find new ways to minimize the negative impact of the war on the country's foreign trade. In the article, general scientific methods were used: methods of synthesis and analysis; data systematization and comparison; and SWOT-analysis. The information base of this article consisted of statistical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, articles by scientists, and Internet sources. The article analyses the changes in the structure of foreign trade in goods in Ukraine in 2022 compared to 2021. An analysis of changes in the regional structure of Ukraine's foreign trade is carried out. It was found that the exports of Vinnytsia, Volyn, Zakarpattia, Lviv, Odesa, Rivne, Ternopil, Cherkasy, and Chernivtsi regions in 2022 were higher than in 2021. These regions concentrated significant export potential during the war. The main destructive factors of Ukraine's foreign trade development during the war were identified. These factors are: decrease in export and import volumes; negative foreign trade balance; logistical problems, restrictions on the movement of goods, destruction of infrastructure. It is predicted that as a result of the war, the commodity structure of production in Ukraine will change, preference will be given to defense industries. Recommendations for the Ukrainian government to minimize the negative effects of the war on Ukraine's foreign trade are proposed, including: tax benefits for Ukrainian entrepreneurs, support for small and medium-sized enterprises, diversification of product sales markets, development of the domestic market and stimulation of domestic consumption, promotion of high-tech exports, reconstruction and restoration of the infrastructure of Ukraine, etc. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the improvement of ways to minimize the negative impact of the war on Ukraine's foreign trade. The practical value of the article lies in the development of relevant recommendations. It is established that the development of foreign trade in Ukraine will contribute to the stabilization of the national economy and ensure economic growth in the post-war period. Keywords exports, imports, goods, regions of Ukraine, industry

ІНСТРУМЕНТИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЕКСПОРТУ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

The article analyses the impact of the war in Ukraine on national entrepreneur’s export activity as the simplest form of their foreign economic activity. The general trends in the Ukrainian export of goods and services were revealed. For example, in the context of changes in geographical structure, the only available direction of Ukraine's foreign trade now is the west. Also, the unevenness of the export reduction by the sectors of the national economy was noted. The article shows the present of export reduction in all sectors of Ukraine economy. The article defines the challenges faced by national entrepreneurs due to the introduction of customs-tariff and non-tariff state regulation of foreign economic activity as by the Ukrainian government and by global market players. Among the challenges, the following are identified: closing the markets of the aggressor country and the needs of finding new sales markets for nationally produced products; problems with logistics; changes in the list of goods whose export is subject to quotas and licensing. The article shows the role of administrative economic instruments pursued to prevent food insecurity. Attention is focused on such an instrument of state regulation of foreign economic activity as the customs duty. The transformation of this state regulation instrument role from a kind of barrier to entering world markets into a preference for supporting Ukrainian business in the difficult conditions of war has been shown. Due to the weakening of the protective function of customs duties, the importance of non-tariff regulation tools in the form of technical barriers, subsidies, subsidies, currency regulation tools, etc. has been emphasized. The instruments of government financial support of Ukrainian entrepreneurs with export potential have been determined. The main of these tools are: informing businesses about changes in the legislative framework of foreign economic activity from the State Institution "Office of Entrepreneurship Development and Reforms"; stimulating export expansion through financial risk insurance; the possibility of obtaining grant support within the framework of the implementation of the government initiative "is a Job"; consulting support from the Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

АНАЛІЗ ЗОВНІШНЬОЇ ТОРГІВЛІ ТОВАРАМИ УКРАЇНИ З КРАЇНАМИ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ

The article is devoted to the study of foreign trade in goods of Ukraine with the countries of the European Union (hereinafter – the EU) with the identification of priority partners for the purpose of diversification and activation of foreign trade cooperation. It was emphasized that the foreign trade of Ukraine is dominated by trade in goods, where a negative trade balance is formed, in particular, in trade with EU countries. In order to determine the key consumers of domestic goods among the EU-27 countries, an ABC analysis was conducted based on the volume of goods exported to them by Ukraine in 2016–2021. The distribution of EU countries into groups was carried out as follows: group A – countries that account for a significant volume of exports of goods by Ukraine (about 80% of the total volume); group B – countries with an average level of export supplies of goods from Ukraine (about 15%); group C – countries with a small volume of exports of goods from Ukraine (about 5%). ABC-analysis is complemented by XYZ-analysis, which allows to analyze and forecast the stability of export of goods to EU countries. Based on the results of the ABC-XYZ analysis, a conclusion was made regarding the expediency of supporting the volume and dynamics of trade cooperation with key EU partner countries in the export of goods – Poland, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Romania, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Austria, and the need to intensify efforts to increasing the export of goods to countries that in the medium term have the potential to become attractive markets for the consumption of domestic products – France, Bulgaria, Belgium, Lithuania, and to a lesser extent – Denmark, Greece and Latvia. At the same time, it is noted that the vast majority of these countries are highly developed economies of the European Union, and trade in goods with them for Ukraine is disparate. Therefore, it is important to continue cooperation with the EU regarding the signing of the Agreement on Conformity Assessment and Acceptance of Industrial Products, recognition of the equivalence of sanitary and phytosanitary measures for opening markets, and simplifying the export of food and agricultural products. It is also necessary to increase efforts to gradually open public procurement markets. The further liberalization of transport with the EU, the conclusion of agreements in the field of road, inland water and railway transport are also important.

Analysis of the product structure of Ukraines trade with the EU

The article presents a comprehensive study of the characteristics of the commodity structure of Ukraine's trade with the European Union in the conditions of war, as well as the dynamics of export and import of the main commodity groups in the period from 2019 to 2023. Statistical data on Ukraine's foreign trade with the EU obtained from official sources, including the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Economy of Ukraine and Eurostat, were thoroughly analyzed. This made it possible to create a complete picture of trade relations between Ukraine and the EU during the studied period. In the course of the study, the key factors that significantly influenced the dynamics of trade during the studied period were identified. Among them, the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic, which led to a global economic downturn and disruption of supply chains, is particularly highlighted. The recovery of the world economy in 2021, which was accompanied by an increase in demand for key export products of Ukraine, also had a significant impact. The most dramatic factor was the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, which radically changed the economic situation in the country and significantly affected its foreign trade relations. The influence of each of these factors on the export and import of individual product groups has been studied in detail. In particular, the dynamics of trade in food and agricultural products, metals and metal products, machines and equipment, chemical products, wood and wood products, mineral products, vehicles, textiles and textile products were analyzed. This made it possible to identify key trends and changes in the structure of Ukraine's trade with the EU. The article pays special attention to the analysis of changes in the structure of Ukraine's exports to the EU. In particular, an increase in the share of agricultural products and food products in the total volume of exports was noted, which partially compensated for the drop in exports in other sectors. This trend is related both to global changes in the world markets and to the peculiarities of the economic situation in Ukraine during the war. An important aspect of the study was the determination of the role of labor relations between Ukraine and the EU in the context of foreign trade. The impact of labor migration on economic indicators, in particular on the volume of remittances and their role in maintaining Ukraine's balance of payments, is analyzed. This made it possible to expand the understanding of the economic relations between Ukraine and the EU, which go beyond purely trade relations. The presented study provides a comprehensive analysis of the state and dynamics of trade relations between Ukraine and the EU in the face of significant global and regional challenges. It can serve as a basis for further research and development of strategies for the development of Ukraine's foreign economic relations in the context of European integration and post-war economic recovery.

Features of the enterprises foreign economic activity strategy in crisis conditions

In the article, the author analyzed the dynamics of Ukraine's foreign trade indicators for the period 2021–2023 (exports, imports, trade balance). It was established that the volume of foreign trade in Ukraine changed significantly after the beginning of 2022 due to the introduction of martial law, the breakdown of economic ties and problems with logistics at sea and on land. It was determined that the situation in the export sphere of Ukraine in 2023 is critical, it has worsened even in comparison with 2022. It is noted that the rate of reduction in the export of goods exceeds the rate of reduction in their import, which increased the negative balance indicator (especially in 2023). This situation is caused by the need to increase the volume of procurement of strategically important military goods and the corresponding support. It has been established that the state of war in Ukraine as a specific legal regime has completely changed the conditions of conducting foreign economic activity, which has led to the negative dynamics of export-import trade in goods. At the same time, trade-in services became impossible. It was noted that the legislation does not contain direct restrictions or bans on export-import, and the main measures were the embargo and the actual suspension of customs clearance of the goods of the aggressor countries. This led to the reorientation of foreign economic activity to other countries, in particular EU countries, which became more promising. The peculiarities of the strategy of the enterprise's foreign economic activity in crisis conditions are determined, in particular: a personalized approach; paying more attention to the logistics component; the complex nature of making changes in all business components; quick adaptation to changes in the external environment of international business; functional orientation and connections with competitive, resource, product and other types of strategies; different from existing management approaches due to the need to ensure international (global) competitiveness; formation and use of the enterprise's export potential in the long term; the obligation to ensure the survival and stability of the operation of the enterprise; conformity of the quality of export products with international standards; a significant difference in the product range and models of export products from the domestic market; the need to change the organizational structure, take into account legislative and other restrictions on the company's entry into the market of another country, and others.

АНАЛІЗ ТОВАРНО-ГЕОГРАФІЧНОЇ СТРУКТУРИ ІМПОРТУ У ЗОВНІШНІЙ ТОРГІВЛІ УКРАЇНИ ПІД ЧАС ПАНДЕМІЇ КОРОНАВІРУСНОЇ ХВОРОБИ ТА ПОВНОМАСШТАБНОГО РОСІЙСЬКОГО ВТОРГНЕННЯ

The article analyses the geographical structure of imports of goods to Ukraine. The relevance of the study is due to the need to study and analyse the geographical structure of import operations during the crises associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian war. The article ranks countries by the volume of foreign economic activity with Ukraine for the period from 2018 to 2023. Based on statistical data, it is determined that Ukraine’s dependence on Russian imports, which has been observed in recent years, began to decline after 2018 and reached zero in 2023. The article analyses the commodity structure of imports in Ukraine's foreign trade with the largest partner countries: Poland, China, Turkey, Germany, and Italy. With the beginning of the full-scale invasion and the rejection of Russian fuel and the search for new sources of its supply, the list of supplier countries has changed for Ukraine. It is determined that Poland is currently one of the five largest importers of fuel and energy products to Ukraine, and by the end of 2023, it held the lead as a supplier of diesel fuel to Ukraine. Similar to Poland, in 2023 Turkey became one of the largest exporters of fuel to the Ukrainian market. Other important components of imports to Ukraine from Poland are means of land transport (except rail) and chemical products. In 2018-2023, China increased its presence on the Ukrainian market. The first place in the ranking of the most popular goods from China is confidently held by electric machines, the second – by nuclear reactors, boilers, and machinery. An analysis of the commodity structure of imports from Germany shows that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the nomenclature group “nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery” came to the top of the structure of commodity imports to Ukraine, while during the war period, “means of land transport” regained the top spot. For another importing country, Italy, the main imported goods include electrical machinery and equipment, in particular, kitchen equipment for both professional and household consumers. Thus, the study identified the priority areas of import activity in terms of certain groups of goods.

ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND DYNAMICS OF UKRAINE'S FOREIGN TRADE IN FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF A FULL-SCALE INVASION WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THE FTA+ WITH THE EU

ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND DYNAMICS OF UKRAINE'S FOREIGN TRADE IN FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF A FULL-SCALE INVASION WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THE FTA+ WITH THE EU

Передумови розвитку судноплавства України

The article provides coverage of possible approaches to the formation of economically attractive conditions for the operation of ships after the victory, which today is the main goal of the economic science of the maritime industry. In this regard, the main task of the publication is the implementation of strategic goals in shipping, the need to ensure the competitive advantages of Ukraine's foreign trade and the efficiency of work on the global freight market. In addition to the size of the total deadweight, the article provides approaches to establishing an economically feasible number of fleet units that will meet the conditions for achieving the lowest risk of the probability of loss-free operation of each shipping company. This is due to the fact that there is an optimal number of ships in which the losses incurred by one ship are compensated by the profit received by another fleet. The conclusions provide recommendations for the development of shipping in Ukraine.

Trends in Ukraine's foreign trade in the context of complicated international transportation

Introduction. Over the past ten years, there has been a decline in the effectiveness of multilateral cooperation agreements within the WTO, resulting in the growing importance of bilateral trade agreements. The EU countries and the UK are among the most important geographical areas for deepening bilateral cooperation with Ukraine, which has been favourably influenced by trade liberalisation as a result of the signing of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union and the implementation of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement. Improved terms of trade between Ukraine and Europe, despite the war in Ukraine, ensured positive dynamics of trade turnover, but the commodity structure has undergone significant changes. Recently, a trade embargo was imposed on agricultural products, and the border was closed for the transportation of products through Poland and other countries. In this regard, it is an urgent scientific task to determine the impact of the complication of transport. As well as identifying trends in the further development of foreign trade with partner countries. The purpose of the paper is to іdentificate the changes in export sales routes, as well as trends in Ukraine's foreign economic activity in the context of more complicated international transport. Results. The importance for Ukraine's economy of expanding the scope of foreign economic relations with European countries based on international transport is determined. The author emphasises a number of economic prerequisites and advantages of foreign economic relations between Ukraine and European countries, which determine the trends in the development of foreign trade. The author identifies the important role of continuing institutional and structural reforms in our country, which should be intensified and aimed at strengthening the competitive potential of the national economy. The main stages of integration of foreign economic relations between Ukraine and European countries are highlighted. It is proved that there is a high potential of European integration for the Ukrainian economy. However, in the current conditions of complicated movement of goods and closure of borders by partner countries, this direction of development of the national economy is considered as the main one, with certain difficulties, which will slow down the pace of socio-economic growth and restore the lost. Conclusion. By establishing international economic and trade relations and sales channels, Ukraine's foreign trade can develop and function effectively. National economies of different countries interact through the establishment of diplomatic relations, cooperation agreements, and the creation of intergovernmental associations. After analysing all the factors, it can be argued that establishing economic and political ties with the world's leading countries and increasing the level of foreign trade is possible by stepping up efforts in the most promising sectors of the global economy. Foreign economic and trade relations contribute to the growth of the national economy, acceleration of scientific and technological progress, and improvement of living standards.

Problems and prospects of the development of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises in the conditions of war

In 2022, the share of agri-food products in the total export of Ukraine increased to 53 % from 41 % in 2021, maintaining the leadership in its product structure and becoming the maximum since the inde-pendence of our state. According to the data of the State Customs Service of Ukraine, at the end of 2022, Ukraine exported agricultural food products in the amount of 23.6 billion USD. In 2022, 38.5 million tons of domestic grain worth $9.1 billion were exported to foreign markets. According to the State Customs Service of Ukraine, in 2022 the value of the export of seeds and fruits of oil crops amounted to almost 3.8 billion USD. This is 54 percent more than in 2021. The most noticeable and multiple increase in sunflower exports was from 0.08 million tons in 2021 to 2.8 million tons in 2022. A characteristic feature of 2022 was the further consolidation of the European Union's position in the fruit and seed markets of domestic oil crops. Last year, the countries of this region bought more than 3/4 of the value of supplies of all oil crops from Ukraine. Despite the war, Ukraine was able to increase the export of meat and offal by 9 %, bringing its figures to 925 million USD. The Netherlands became the leader in the export of Ukrainian meat, purchasing more than 27 % of production for 252 million USD. Among the leaders were also Slovakia, China, UAE and Turkey. Their shares are 7 %, 4.8 %, 4.5 %, 3.6 %, respectively. In 2022, despite the war and blockade of sea ports, Ukraine exported dairy products worth 344.6 million USD, which is 39% more than in 2021. In 2022, dynamic changes took place in international trade. The war made adjustments to the strategic issues of international trade in agricultural products, particularly export and logistics. In April 2022, the Netherlands, Germany, the Czech Republic, and Austria canceled the requirements for obtaining permits for international cargo transportation for humanitarian cargo, and Turkey, Bulgaria, Georgia, and others temporarily completely canceled the requirements for obtaining permits for bilateral inter-national and transit transportation. On August 30, 2022, Ukraine joined the Convention on the Common Transit Procedure. There was a dynamic reorientation of Ukraine's foreign trade to European markets and new logistics routes, which significantly eased the restrictions imposed by the Russian's blockade of the Black Sea seaports.

Specifics of customs relations of Ukraine with european trading partners

Methods. The results of the study are obtained by applying the methods of synthesis and generalisation to study the legislative and practical aspects of customs cooperation, as well as to highlight the prospects for cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union in the field of trade. In order to scientifically address the identified issues, the author also used the methods of analysis and comparison to study the dynamics of Ukraine’s foreign trade in goods with certain EU countries; and the abstract and logical method to formulate conclusions. Results. The study analyses Ukraine's foreign trade and customs relations with the European Union. In particular, the dynamics of foreign trade in goods is analysed and the volumes of exports and imports with different EU countries are compared. The study considers both legislative and practical aspects of customs cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union. Novelty. As a result of the analysis of Ukraine’s customs relations with its main trading partner countries of the European Union, it is found that the current stage of implementation of Ukraine’s customs policy is marked by a constant increase in international trade and the complexity of trade processes. The advantages and challenges faced by Ukraine in expanding and improving trade relations with the European Union are identified. Practical value. The study is of practical importance for Ukraine’s economic development in the context of European integration. By analysing trade and economic relations between Ukraine and the European Union, the key aspects of Ukraine’s accession to the free trade area with the EU are identified and its results are revealed. The impact of the Russian aggression on foreign trade and customs relations with the EU is studied. The approximation of Ukrainian legislation to EU standards is identified as a key factor that will contribute to the effective implementation of customs policy and create a favourable environment for improving trade processes, taking into account active cooperation with European partners.

International cooperation in the conditions of the NCTS joint transit system : in Ukrainian dimension

The purpose of the study was to determine the main aspects of simplifying conditions and creating prospects for international cooperation in terms of Ukraine's participation in the NCTS joint transit system. Examining the data of the State Customs Service of Ukraine and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the intensive work of the subjects of the regime of the joint transit system during the period of NCTS in Ukraine was noted. Confirm the need to simplify the conditions for the international movement of goods, analysis of the growth dynamics of Ukraine's foreign trade. According to the results of the research, it was revealed that by applying the provisions of the Convention, the prevention of fraud with accompanying documents is implemented, the security of international transportation is increased and uniform forms of customs control are recognized by all 36 participating countries. After analyzing the benefits for the subjects of the customs regime, a decrease in the cost of customs procedures was noted; saving time on the duration of customs procedures; unloading checkpoints in queues; acceleration of the flow of trade in the international trade system. The whole model of work in the NCTS system is an innovative approach and needed a lot of work and transformation of the work of both the State Customs Service of Ukraine itself and the regulation of regulatory support. The condition of mandatory financial guarantee and sealing of all movements became the basis for the development of a new mechanism for the implementation of these procedures that meet the requirements of the Convention. The practical application of the processed results is carried out in stages. To date, the implementation of appropriate IT solutions based on MASP-C is already being implemented. Gradually, the technology of administration of customs payments is being improved and the Customs Code of Ukraine is being brought into line with the Customs Code of the EU.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION AND DIGITALIZATION OF SOCIETY

The paper investigates the problematic aspects of the development of Ukraine's international trade in the context of globalization. It is established that in 2020-2022, the structure of Ukraine's foreign trade in terms of exports was dominated by product

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ

In the context of martial law, trade in goods in Ukraine requires a number of changes to protect national interests and the domestic market. The purpose of the article is to identify the key features of foreign economic activity regulation in Ukraine during the war. The Global Trade Alert database for the period of research 2009-2023 was used to conduct the study and analyze the regulation of Ukraine's foreign trade. The results indicate a significant increase in the share of Ukraine's exports and imports to European countries, particularly to the EU, and to Asian countries, which required adjustments to the foreign trade regulation policy from 2011 to 2021. During the period under study, trade policy was aimed at implementing liberalization and protectionist measures simultaneously, which were characterized by an average level of efficiency for certain product groups. During the period of martial law in 2022, 10 liberalization measures and 9 protectionist measures were introduced in trade in goods, particularly for certain European countries. The restrictive measures concerned Russia, European countries, Canada, the United States, and other countries, and were aimed at protecting the domestic market. The key sectors of liberalization in 2022 were cereals, products made of polymeric materials, certain types of equipment and machinery, equipment for electricity distribution, and certain types of fabrics. Legal changes during martial law are determined by domestic demand and external supply for certain groups of goods. The key measures regulating trade in goods in Ukraine are tariff measures, including export and import licensing requirements; export quotas and taxes; import tariffs; and domestic import taxation. In general, some of the regulatory measures discriminate against foreign commercial interests, while others ensure liberalization on a non-discriminatory basis. Non-tariff measures related to exports and imports mainly include sanitary and phytosanitary measures, technical barriers to trade, and precautionary measures.

DIDGITAL ІНСТРУМЕНТАРІЙ СУЧАСНИХ МАРКЕТИНГОВИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ

The article considers the main aspects that determine the need for new methods and tools for researching world markets. Volume and variety of data. Consumers and companies generate large amounts of data through the Internet, social networks, e-commerce and other sources. Researchers have to work with this large amount of data and study various aspects of the market. Due to global trade and the internationalization of business, markets are becoming more connected and complex. Researchers should take into account the influence of international factors and relationships on market dynamics. Changes in consumer preferences and approaches to purchases require constant analysis and adaptation of marketing strategies. The use of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data analysis, etc., allows for more accurate and faster analytical operations. Traditional research methods may not be a sufficient answer to the complex questions of modern markets. Researchers must be ready to implement new techniques and tools. Growing competitive pressure requires more accurate and operational analysis of markets to ensure competitiveness. It is suggested to make the first steps of marketing research using modern digital technologies on the example of the foreign trade market of Ukraine. For high-quality visualization of a large amount of information during marketing research, it is suggested to use dynamic diagrams, in particular, when analyzing the commodity structure of Ukraine's foreign trade. It is noted that the methodology of marketing research is a system of methods and approaches aimed at studying the market and collecting the necessary information for making informed decisions in the field of marketing. The main principles of this methodology include: data relevance, project specificity, combination of methods, hypothesis testing, field and office research, feedback. The use of dynamic diagrams allows: dividing a large amount of data into smaller groups and using colors for their visualization; choosing the right type of graphics; providing the ability to filter and interact with data.

Problems and prospects of Ukraines economic cooperation with the countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations

The paper provides an analytical review of the main socio-economic indicators of ASEAN countries. The authors substantiated that one of the main directions of deepening economic cooperation, laid at the basis of the creation of ASEAN, was the promotion of trade both within the grouping and with other countries of the world. The dynamics of changes in the volumes of export and import of the Association of southeast asian nations were studied. The structure of trade in services and the geographical structure of trade in goods of the group for 2021 were analyzed. The issue of economic cooperation between Ukraine and ASEAN countries was revealed. A detailed comparative analysis of the main statistical indicators regarding the development trends of Ukraine's economic cooperation with the ASEAN countries in the field of trade in goods and services was carried out. The commodity and geographical structure of export-import operations between Ukraine and ASEAN countries was considered. A detailed analysis of Ukraine's foreign trade operations by individual ASEAN member countries showed that Indonesia remains the most popular export destination for Ukrainian goods. Further prospects for the development of Ukraine's relations with ASEAN countries in the context of integration into the world economy were highlighted. The methods of scientific research that were used to achieve the goal and to solve the tasks of the article are the following: grouping, classification, quantitative and qualitative comparisons, structural and economic-statistical analysis, graphic. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is the determination of prospects for the further development of Ukraine's trade and economic relations with ASEAN countries. As a result of the study, it was established that both Ukraine and ASEAN countries show mutual interest in intensifying trade and economic relations. In order to strengthen its position in the Asian market, Ukraine should not only increase the volume of exports of food products and ferrous metals to ASEAN countries, but also sign a free trade agreement with them in order to obtain competitive advantages for its products.