Foreign Trade In Agricultural Products Research Articles

Финансовый потенциал аграрного бизнеса Республики Беларусь в торговле с Российской Федерацией

The purpose of the article is to use the resulting approach to measure the financial potential of agricultural businesses in the Republic of Belarus. The study analyzed the share of food products in foreign trade, food products exports, the production capacity of food products industrial organizations, and the share of food products exports in the total volume of their production. The study defined that the production capacity of food industrial organizations in the regions bordering the Russian Federation (Vitebsk region, Mogilev region, Gomel region) for food products is not fully used. There is potential to increase food production and export it to the Russian Federation. The financial potential for increasing production and export of food products in the regions has been calculated with the resulting approach. The estimated financial potential for increasing meat exports by increasing the level of food production capacity is 218.92 million USD in the Vitebsk region, 312.52 USD million in the Gomel region, and 128.44 USD million in the Mogilev region. Active trade relations between the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation laid the foundations for integration and development in the agricultural sector. The following suggestions for realization of financial potential in the regions are outlined and characterized: cooperation of agricultural business entities in the regions in various forms; regional diversification and integration of regional agricultural business entities; production cooperation of regions within the framework of foreign trade of agricultural products and food among EAEU member states and with third countries.

Structural and Dynamic Changes in International Trade in Agricultural Products in Ukraine

The article is devoted to studying the structural and dynamic changes in international trade in agricultural products in Ukraine. The authors reveal the theoretical essence of international trade in agricultural products, considering export and import conditions in light of modern challenges. The assessment of the foreign trade regime is provided and the trends and impact of implementing the Agreement on Association between Ukraine and the EU on the development of Ukraine's foreign trade are established. It was found that, on one hand, the export orientation of raw materials to the EU crop production market has increased, while on the other hand, there remains a high import dependence on prepared food products, with a more diversified import structure. The peculiarities of key directions of Ukraine's agro-industrial market under martial law and its place in the global food security system are described. The article also examines the structure of Ukraine's trading partners, which have been revised since the beginning of the war. The peculiarities of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in international trade in agricultural products are analysed. Ways of diversifying exports and increasing the profitability of foreign trade in agricultural products from Ukraine in the EU market are suggested.

CHINA’S AGRICULTURAL FOREIGN TRADE FLOWS: TRENDS, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES

Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyse China’s agricultural import and export in the context of global geopolitical transformations and identification of trends, challenges, and opportunities for the state’s agricultural policy based on this analysis. Methodology of research. The following methods were used in the research: analysis and synthesis to evaluate the dynamics, product, and geographical structure of China’s agricultural foreign trade; SWOT analysis to assess the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities of the state’s agricultural policy; abstract and logical method to summarize information from various sources and create a comprehensive understanding of the researched problem, forming theoretical conclusions and generalizations; and graphical method to visualize the research results. Findings. It was found that in 2023, the dynamics of China’s foreign trade in agricultural products continued to show a growth trend that has been observed over the past decade. It was demonstrated that the development of China’s agricultural exports has effectively contributed to the deep expansion and diversification of the agricultural value chain, opening new opportunities for promoting high-quality agricultural development. At the same time, it was noted that China has abolished non-tariff measures on agricultural products and export subsidies for all agricultural products, making it one of the most open markets for agricultural products. However, it was proven that in terms of imports, China remains one of the most dependent countries in the world, which is related to the relatively small area of arable land, large population, and insufficient intensification, technological development, and mechanization of tangible agricultural production. Originality. The research on trends in the development of China’s international trade in agricultural products in the post-COVID period has been further developed, taking into account new geopolitical realities. Using the SWOT analysis method, the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities of China’s agricultural policy were identified. Practical value. The substantiated conclusions and recommendations derived from the research can be used to determine the strategic directions for the development of China’s trade relations, as well as to intensify agricultural trade flows between Ukraine and China. Key words: international trade, export, import, agriculture, peripheral regions, foreign policy, global risks, competitiveness.

ОЦЕНКА ЭКСПОРТНОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА ПРОДУКЦИИ РОССИЙСКОГО АПК НА РЫНКЕ ИЗРАИЛЯ

The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that issues related to the formation of the states export potential are widely discussed in the scientific literature, however, certain aspects of this issue require further research. In particular, the problem of assessing Russias export potential in the field of foreign trade in agricultural products, in particular trade in agricultural products with one of the key countries in the modern world and the Middle East region, with the state of Israel, is of interest. The purpose of this article is to assess the export potential of Russian agricultural products on the Israeli market.

Влияние расширения состава БРИКС на мировую торговлю сельскохозяйственными товарами

Being the largest producers and exporters/importers of agricultural raw materials and food, the BRICS+ countries play an important role in solving the problem of food security. The article examines the current state of trade in agricultural products within the association, as well as the main areas of cooperation and problems for the BRICS+ countries in foreign trade in agricultural products. Solving these problems will allow the association to become a key player in global agricultural markets, whose activities are based on the principle of mutual respect and compliance with international law.

Dissecting the Moroccan business cycle: A trade-based identification of agricultural supply shocks

The consideration of the agricultural sector within the business cycle analysis is crucial for both diagnostic analysis and economic policy in developing countries. One of the critical issues is the identification of agricultural supply shocks. This paper introduces a novel approach to identify these shocks, based on the foreign trade of agricultural products. This contrasts with existing literature, which relies upon weather variables such as precipitation or temperature. Our approach is applied to dissect the business cycle in Morocco from 1999 to 2019, employing Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) models identified by sign restrictions and exogeneity assumptions. Our framework has demonstrated its ability to replicate agricultural fluctuations in Morocco. In addition, our estimates indicate that agricultural supply shocks play a substantial role in output fluctuation (accounting for almost a third of its variability), but do not exert a significant effect on inflation, contrary to what is documented in other countries.

PRIORITIES AND MECHANISMS FOR BALANCING THE FOREIGN TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS BASED ON COMPLEMENTARITY

The research paper aims at carrying out a systematic analysis of the complementarity of foreign trade in agricultural products and to substantiate on this basis the priorities for the expansion and balancing of Ukrainian agricultural exports at the micro, macro, and mezzo-levels. The concept of complementarity of foreign trade is defined as the level at which the economic systems of different countries are balanced on the basis of mutual complementarity of the commodity structure of export and import and effective participation in the international division of labour. The methodological approaches to the study of complementarity of foreign trade are systematized. The article uses a complex approach to the analysis of foreign trade relations in the agrarian sphere and the extent to which it is balanced. The main trends and features of the development of Ukrainian foreign trade in agricultural products are determined. It was found that the imbalance of the foreign economic sphere in the agricultural sector is manifested in the dominance of export activities of large agricultural holdings, the monocultural nature of agricultural production and export, and ineffective institutional support of small farmers and agrarians. An empirical assessment of the complementarity of Ukrainian foreign trade in agricultural products has been carried out using complementarity indices, indices of revealed comparative advantage, and applying the method of cluster analysis. The conducted calculations proved that the Ukrainian agricultural sector has a significant unused potential for the development of exports on the basis of complementarity. A set of priorities of balancing foreign trade in agricultural products based on complementarity are substantiated, in particular, the following: forming a system for monitoring the complementarity of Ukrainian foreign trade in agricultural products; concluding and comprehensively supporting the implementation of interstate agreements on the development of mutually beneficial trade in complementary products, including on a barter basis; providing support for export development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and for small-scale production; enhancing diversification of the assortment of agricultural exports of Ukraine, especially in the niches of craft and organic products; supporting complementary foreign trade relations at the level of individual regions of Ukraine; providing a strong and efficient consulting support for exporters, giving assistance in the process of finding foreign partners and entering foreign markets.

THE APPLICATION OF BRAND MANAGEMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE

China is a big agricultural country, as well as a major producer and exporter of agricultural products. In recent years, China's agricultural economy has been developing continuously, the foreign trade of agricultural products has been expanding constantly, and the trade of agricultural products has developed rapidly. With the advent of the Internet era and the deepening of market competition, the development of China's agricultural industry gradually shows a trend of brand, China's Ministry of Agriculture and villages has continuously strengthened its top-level design, designated 2017 as the "year of Agricultural Brand Promotion", issued the "opinions of the Ministry of Agriculture and villages on speeding up the Promotion of Brand strengthening Agriculture" in 2018, and guided and launched the construction of China's agricultural brand catalogue system in 2019, providing a policy guarantee for agricultural brand construction. All localities, in accordance with the idea of "building a brand, bringing an industry alive, rich farmers", rely on the advantages of resources, highlight planning and guidance, promote brand work as a whole, and promote the rapid development of characteristic industries. Planting brand, animal husbandry brand, fishery brand, rural characteristic brand, "China Land Reclamation" brand, cooperative brand and other industry brands have developed vigorously. Actively use the Agricultural Fair, Tea Fair and other well-known domestic exhibitions to promote brands to create a good atmosphere for development. With the help of modern information technology and media, we can innovate brand marketing and effectively improve the brand influence of agricultural products. This paper analyzes the development stage of China's agricultural brand construction, summarizes the characteristics of China's agricultural brand development, points out the main problems existing in the development of China's agricultural brand. In order to improve the competitiveness of Chinese agricultural brands in the international and domestic markets, the development trend of Chinese agricultural brands is put forward.

Problems of development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine's economy on the way to European integration

Introduction. The path to European integration is currently a conscious choice of Ukraine. The consequences of a full-scale war have led to the outflow of a significant number of people abroad, a decrease in real incomes, a reorientation of consumers to meet basic needs, and the curtailment of investment programmes by most enterprises, which has resulted in a narrowing of the domestic market. Starting from 24 February 2022, Ukraine's European integration processes gained a new level of relevance and intensity. Ultimately, this resulted in Ukraine being granted the status of a candidate for membership of the European Union on 23 June 2022. Therefore, from now on, in order to speed up the process of Ukraine's accession to the EU, special attention should be paid to the objects to be integrated. In this case, we will consider the main problems of the agricultural sector that stand in the way of prompt approximation of all aspects of policy and legislation to the EU policies, norms and rules. The purpose of the article is to identify the current problems faced by the agrarian sector on the way to effective development of integration processes with a view to joining the European Union. Methodology. The article uses the dialectical method of scientific cognition of processes and phenomena, comparative analysis of the institutional environment in the European Union and Ukraine, and the analytical method for objective assessments of socio-economic processes in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. Results. The article analyses and explores the current problems faced by the agricultural sector in exporting products. The problematic issues that arise on the way to European integration are considered. How does martial law affect the process of European integration in the context of agriculture? Attention is focused on the damage caused to the agricultural sector after the outbreak of a full-scale war. The commodity structure of exports of foreign trade in agricultural products in recent years is analysed. The importance and prospects of further research into the problems that arise on the way to integration into European standards are substantiated. Thus, the practical significance of the study lies in the further development of recommendations on the directions and measures to address the problems identified in the article, which should facilitate the European integration path of the agricultural sector, supporting and developing farms and private peasant households as points of economic growth.

Розвиток міжнародних торговельних відносин аграрного сектору економіки України в контексті євроінтеграції

The article examines modern trends in the development of international trade relations in the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy as one of the determining factors in the context of European integration. Peculiarities of Ukraine's participation in agricultural export-import operations are analyzed. It was emphasized that Ukraine is currently at the initial stage of entering the world agricultural markets, domestic food exports are dominated by raw materials or products with little added value, and the export of ready-made food products has not acquired significant volumes. It was determined that due to the agrarian sector of the economy, the food supply of the state, the national market and export potential are formed. It was noted that Ukraine's adherence to the principles and rules of conduct in international trade and other economic relations determined by international unions and organizations contributes to the development of foreign economic trade activities. There has been indicated the need to implement a number of measures to adapt the market environment, build regulatory mechanisms on harmonized institutional bases, for mutually beneficial integration of Ukraine and the EU. It has been studied that with the beginning of the Free Trade Zone with the European Union functioning, Ukraine ensures the approximation of the domestic agricultural sector to the market conditions of management, carries out adaptation to the Common Agrarian Policy of the EU. It has been proven that the dynamics of foreign trade in agricultural products of Ukraine with EU countries indicates a rapid and mutually beneficial strengthening of economic ties, reciprocal attractiveness of trade in food products. Studies show that the agricultural sector of Ukraine has demonstrated positive dynamics in the development of international trade in agricultural and food products in recent years. Emphasis is placed on creating more favorable conditions for the activation of foreign economic trade relations, which should become a strategic priority of the state.

Развитие структуры сельскохозяйственного экспорта Румынии

Romania’s foreign trade in agricultural products has undergone fundamental changes over the past more than thirty years. In a country with a significant agricultural complex, during the period from 1990 to 2021, only five categories of goods (68.7% in agricultural exports) noted a positive contribution to the foreign trade balance of agricultural products: live animals, grains, oilseeds and fruit, industrial and medicinal plants, straw and feed, weaving materials and other products of plant origin, tobacco and its substitutes. The article presents an analysis of the development of the “raw material and commodities model” of agricultural development and what path Romania has taken in the development of consolidation of the agro-export product range (1990-2021).

ВПЛИВ ВІЙНИ НА ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНУ ДIЯЛЬНІCТЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ АГРАРНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ УКРАЇНИ

The article examines the trends of Ukraine's foreign trade in agricultural products, and it is found that the trade balance of Ukraine is passive, i.e. imports prevail in foreign trade operations. during the analysis of the foreign economic activity of companies in the agrarian sector, the predominance of exports over imports was revealed. Exports are dominated by the category of products of vegetable origin, the share of which is increasing every year, while the share of finished products, on the contrary, is decreasing, which is a negative trend, because exports are becoming more and more raw materials. Changes in exports in terms of transport were also analyzed and it was found that despite the full-scale war, sea transport remains key in the export of agricultural products. In recent years, there has been a reorientation towards the markets of EU countries and Asia, so in 2022, 62% of goods exports went to the EU, most to Poland, Romania, Hungary and Germany. Existing problems have been identified that have a negative impact on the implementation of foreign economic operations, among which the biggest one is logistics. The measures that were introduced during the full-scale war by the government of Ukraine and the EU to preserve and restore export and import operations were determined, among which the most effective was the "Grain Corridor", which worked for almost a year. It was concluded that the foreign economic activity of the country is a key direction in the development of Ukraine, in particular, as a source of income, receipt of goods, and also as a method of production, in cases where it is impossible to manufacture them within the country. The full-scale war outlined the guidelines for the development of foreign economic activity, namely, even more connected the economy of Ukraine with the economy of the EU countries. The future development of Ukraine should be aimed at integration into the European space; investment attraction; transition from export of raw materials to export of finished products; implementation of EU standards, including the transition from 1,520 mm to 1,435 mm European track, which will increase the capacity of railway transport.

PECULIARITIES OF EXPORT-IMPORT OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS UNDER MARTIAL LAW

The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of export-import operations of agricultural products under martial law. The war radically changed the conditions of conducting business, in particular, it affected foreign economic activity. The article examines the peculiarities of export-import operations in the conditions of blockade of sea ports, disruption of stable logistics chains and significant increase in logistics costs. The legislative changes affecting the procedure for carrying out export-import operations with the participation of domestic business entities were analyzed. The article also analyzes the main trends in foreign trade in agricultural products, in particular, grain crops. The issue of the “grain agreement” and its features have been studied. It was established that the regulation of foreign economic activity has positive results. According to the results of the first half of the year, agricultural products maintained a dominant position in the volume of exports from Ukraine, despite the five-month blockade of the main sales channel – ports on the Black Sea. Therefore, the study of export-import operations of agricultural products is an urgent problem. Currently, companies that are just starting to enter foreign markets have a whole arsenal of support tools — from foreign market analytics, educational events and consulting, foreign partner search tools to grants from the state and donor organizations. Prospects for the development of exports in the conditions of war are determined, given the limited economic and organizational capabilities. The conducted analysis of the dynamics of foreign trade of Ukraine, the structure of export of agricultural products, logistical features of trade indicates the need to develop new approaches to the organization of foreign trade under martial law conditions.

Стейкхолдерский подход к развитию внешней торговли сельскохозяйственной продукцией (на примере Вьетнама)

The article substantiates the expediency of Vietnam's application of a stakeholder approach to the development of foreign trade in agricultural products, which forms the basis of export operations. The direct interest of the state in increasing turnover stimulates the public administration sector to look for new approaches to expand international exchange opportunities. The author structured the stakeholders with whom Vietnam interacts in the process of foreign trade in agricultural products, identified stakeholders with direct and indirect interest. The use of a stakeholder approach can become one of the effective tools for achieving strategic goals.

Research on the Effects of COVID-19 on Guangdong Province Agricultural Products Export and Countermeasures Under Digital Trade

With the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (hereinafter referred to as COVID-19) in Wuhan starting in 2020 spreading worldwide, domestic and foreign trade in all walks of life in all countries in the world has been affected to varying degrees. In many industries, COVID-19 has brought greater impact and challenges to agricultural trade. Guangdong Province is China’s leading agricultural export destination, which has suffered the greatest resistance to development under the influence of COVID-19. However, with the rapid development of digital trade, the foreign trade of agricultural products in Guangdong Province has ushered in a “spring”. Therefore, under digital trade, this paper analyzes the challenges faced by Guangdong’s agricultural exports due to COVID-19, and puts forward effective countermeasures to help the steady progress of the province’s agricultural foreign trade.

Evaluation and Influencing Factors of China’s Agricultural Productivity from the Perspective of Environmental Constraints

Based on provincial panel data for the past 15 years in China, the SBM-ML index method was used to measure agricultural productivity under the environmental-constraint perspective with agricultural surface source pollution as the non-desired output. A dynamic panel regression model was used to empirically analyze the factors influencing agricultural productivity to provide a reference for formulating policies to alleviate the conflict between economic development and environmental pollution. The results show that the green total factor productivity of Chinese agriculture exhibits a slow, incremental trend year by year. The growth of green total factor productivity in agriculture mainly comes from the increase in the rate of green technological progress. In terms of geographical disparity, the eastern, central, and western regions show a high-to-low gradient of agricultural green total factor productivity. Agricultural green total factor productivity showed a significant positive spatial correlation in some years. As for the influencing factors, foreign trade in agricultural products is conducive to enhancing green total factor productivity in agriculture, whereas foreign direct investment in agriculture and agricultural technology input inhibit the growth of green total factor productivity in agriculture. This research also found a significant U-shaped relationship between environmental management inputs and green total factor productivity in agriculture. Accordingly, suggestions are provided to optimize the international trade structure of agricultural products, selectively introduce high-quality green foreign investment projects, drive the efficiency of R&D investment through digital technology, and increase investment in special funds for agricultural pollution control.

Development of the agro-industrial complex in Kazakhstan

The article is devoted to the analysis of foreign trade in agricultural products of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The analysis of indicators of export of agricultural products of the country. In the process of studying the foreign trade turnover of agricultural products of Kazakhstan, identified the main trading partners or importers of agricultural products of the Republic.
 The analysis of changes in the structure of exports of agricultural products of the Republic to the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the rest of the world. The main agricultural products occupying significant shares in the structure of export of the Republic are determined. For the analysis, a statistical review of the dynamics of foreign trade in agricultural products over the last five years is presented. The analysis of indicators of production of agricultural products, as well as the share of manufactured products for export (Simić, Stankov, 2020). 
 The study confirmed that the share of agricultural exports in the overall structure of the country's exports is insignificant. A significant part of the exported agricultural products are directed to the CIS countries and neighboring countries. A significant part of the export of agricultural products falls on cereals. The share of this category of goods in the total income from exports of food and agricultural raw materials is 90 percent.
 Thus, exports and foreign trade in agricultural products in General are a source of growth of the agricultural economy for the country, the external factor is important to take into account when building forecasts of economic growth and modeling the economic policy of the country in the field of agriculture.

Development of foreign trade in agricultural products and foodstuffs of Belarus by the degree of processing of goods

The structure of world trade in agricultural products and food is analyzed based on the degree of processing of goods. A comparative assessment of the export and import of agro-food products of Belarus is given in the context of the increasing role of products with a high degree of processing of raw materials. The main commodity positions of the country in export and import are presented, systematized into 3 groups – unprocessed products, goods with partial processing and goods with a high level of processing.

Agriculture Policy Scores of Selected Countries Through the Technique for Order of Preference (TOPSIS) Method

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the performance of agricultural sectors in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries using selected criteria, to identify the deficiencies in agricultural policies, to explore competitive advantages and to guide food and nutrition policies. The analyses of this research use the secondary of time series data between the years 1967 - 2016 from 10 countries including; Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam which are the member of ASEAN. This research uses the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method and the data used for the mentioned countries include the following criteria; total agricultural production value of the land, self-sufficiency of animal products criteria, self-sufficiency of crop products criteria, rural population rate, greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, and value of foreign trade in agricultural products. The result of proximity coefficients calculated with the TOPSIS method, which according to the number of proximity and maximum benefit analysis should be done according to the order of preference. It is stated that Thailand, Philippines and Indonesia were the most successful countries in the agricultural policy performance in 1967. As for last decades, Malaysia became the most successful country in agricultural policy performance. We can infer from the results that Malay industrial sector triggered the agricultural sector by supplying financial investment atmosphere.

Analysis on Our Country’s Foreign Trade of Agricultural Products

With the development of economic globalization and the international division of labor system, countries are increasingly closely linked economically in various fields, forming a pattern of interdependence. This also makes the economic and trade barriers of various countries gradually reduced, providing a good opportunity for China’s agricultural products to the world. China is an agricultural country in the true sense, with the output of most agricultural products ranking first in the world. Due to China’s large population, the arable land per capita is limited due to the small amount of arable land available for food cultivation. In addition, China’s agricultural economy in the field of science and technology investment is less, agricultural mechanization, organization, automation degree is low. Therefore, the self-sufficiency of agricultural products is more difficult, the degree of external dependence is more serious. How to give full play to the advantages of the import and export of agricultural products in the context of international environment and solve the problems that always exist in the import and export of agricultural products in China is of practical significance for people to realize the needs of a better life and alleviate the main social contradictions in China. This paper points out the importance of international trade in agricultural products to the life of Chinese people and the adjustment of industrial structure based on the background of international trade in agricultural products by reading the researches of previous scholars in related fields. Then through the study of domestic and foreign related literature, this paper discusses the three stages of the development of China’s agricultural products foreign trade. Secondly, it analyzes the current situation of foreign trade of agricultural products and its export competitive advantages and disadvantages from the aspects of the structure of foreign trade of agricultural products and participating countries. Finally, a series of problems in the export of agricultural products in our country are put forward the corresponding countermeasures.