ВПЛИВ ВІЙНИ НА ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНУ ДIЯЛЬНІCТЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ АГРАРНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ УКРАЇНИ

Abstract

The article examines the trends of Ukraine's foreign trade in agricultural products, and it is found that the trade balance of Ukraine is passive, i.e. imports prevail in foreign trade operations. during the analysis of the foreign economic activity of companies in the agrarian sector, the predominance of exports over imports was revealed. Exports are dominated by the category of products of vegetable origin, the share of which is increasing every year, while the share of finished products, on the contrary, is decreasing, which is a negative trend, because exports are becoming more and more raw materials. Changes in exports in terms of transport were also analyzed and it was found that despite the full-scale war, sea transport remains key in the export of agricultural products. In recent years, there has been a reorientation towards the markets of EU countries and Asia, so in 2022, 62% of goods exports went to the EU, most to Poland, Romania, Hungary and Germany. Existing problems have been identified that have a negative impact on the implementation of foreign economic operations, among which the biggest one is logistics. The measures that were introduced during the full-scale war by the government of Ukraine and the EU to preserve and restore export and import operations were determined, among which the most effective was the "Grain Corridor", which worked for almost a year. It was concluded that the foreign economic activity of the country is a key direction in the development of Ukraine, in particular, as a source of income, receipt of goods, and also as a method of production, in cases where it is impossible to manufacture them within the country. The full-scale war outlined the guidelines for the development of foreign economic activity, namely, even more connected the economy of Ukraine with the economy of the EU countries. The future development of Ukraine should be aimed at integration into the European space; investment attraction; transition from export of raw materials to export of finished products; implementation of EU standards, including the transition from 1,520 mm to 1,435 mm European track, which will increase the capacity of railway transport.