Foreign Trade In Agricultural Products Research Articles

Study on China's Agricultural Trade in the Context of Belt and Road

<p>At present, the strategy of “One Belt and One Road” can promote the development of China’s foreign trade of agricultural products, for agriculture’s “going out” has created favorable conditions. From the current situation of China’s agricultural trade, this strategy has an important impact on a series of problems existing in China’s agricultural export trade, such as high export risk, imperfect trade circulation system, single export structure and foreign trade mode of agricultural products. At the same time, it also helps to realize the diversification of China’s imports. Therefore, under the background of the implementation of “One Belt and One Road” strategy, in order to promote the “going out” of China’s agricultural products, China should reduce the export risk of agricultural product, improve the trade circulation system and optimize the export structure and foreign trade mode of agricultural products.</p>

TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN US, CANADA AND MEXICO IN THE CONTEXT OF NAFTA AND USMCA AGREEMENTS

The development of the USA, Canada and Mexico is studied taking into account the signing of the new USMCA Agreement, and some differences from the previous NAFTA are presented in accordance with modern challenges. The foreign trade of the association and its separate member states is analysed, their shares in the general trade are determined, and basic indicators of international trade are calculated. The main directions of trade flows and the importance of partner countries with regards to each other are identified. Exports are analysed taking into account the periods before and after the conclusion of the Agreement, while changes of intra-regional trade between the partner countries are investigated. Particular attention is paid to the study of foreign trade in agricultural products. Its share in total trade in goods is defined, the basic indicators are analysed, features concerning directions are determined. Trade trends taking into account North-South integration are considered, and the corresponding features are revealed. The importance of the agricultural sector in the new USMCA Agreement is presented as a result of the consideration of trade policy for agricultural products. It is proposed to take into account certain provisions of USMCA when concluding regional trade agreements of Ukraine in the future, as well as the possible impact on trade with Ukraine.

Features of the development of foreign trade in agricultural products of the Krasnodar territory in the conditions of foreign economic restrictions

Features of the development of foreign trade in agricultural products of the Krasnodar territory in the conditions of foreign economic restrictions

The Import Substitution of Agricultural Products in Russia

ABSTRACT The article considers Russia’s import substitution strategy, which has faced criticism in the twentieth and twenty-first century. However, after the financial and economic crisis of 2008–2009, and in the context of a new phase of globalization in the 2010s, the import substitution strategy gained a renewed interest among developed economies. Unlike most countries that adopted import substitution strategies in the industrial sector to accelerate industrialization, Russia implemented import substitution most successfully in its agricultural sector, which makes the Russian case unique. The article considers the theoretical aspects of the import substitution strategy and examines the current state and future prospects of Russia’s agricultural import substitution policy. The analysis of Russia’s foreign trade in agricultural products has shown that following the implementation of the import substitution strategy, the negative trade balance of agricultural products fell significantly, while the share of agricultural exports expanded. With the implementation of import substitution, the development of agricultural production in Russia has shown positive dynamics. Based on the statistical analysis of Russia’s foreign trade for 2001–2017, there is a clear trend toward an increase in the share of agricultural products in the total volume of exports. The major problems and prospects of agricultural import substitution in Russia are identified. The main task of import substitution in Russia’s agricultural sector is not only to increase production volumes, but to improve competitiveness in both the domestic and foreign markets, which will facilitate the transition to a diversified export-oriented economy.

Efficiency of institutional security of integration processes in foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine

Purpose. The aim of this article is to study the preconditions that contributed to changes in the institutional support of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises, to identify trends in foreign trade in agricultural products and to assess the effectiveness of such changes for direct producers of agricultural products. Methodology of research. The abstract and logical method and the method of generalization were used in the research, which allowed to determine the prerequisites for the formation of competitive advantages of domestic agricultural products in the world market, to establish the factors of influence on the change in the institutional support of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises. As a result of using the economic and statistical method, a research was made of the trends in the geographical diversification of exports of agricultural products and their processed products under the influence of the institutional environment of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises. Findings. The conditions for the development of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises are identified, changes in foreign trade in agricultural products and in the flow of foreign direct investment as a result of Ukraine’s economic integration into the world community, in particular the signing of WTO accession agreements and associations with EU countries, are highlighted. As a result of improving methodological approaches to determining the effectiveness of foreign economic activity in the agricultural sector as a result of changes in the institutional environment, proportional changes were established between the indicators of export and intra-economic activity of agricultural enterprises. The positive impact of creating a free trade zone with the EU countries is substantiated, which will encourage domestic agricultural enterprises to adhere to EU standards for the safety and hygiene of agricultural products, especially dairy and meat products. Originality. Methodological approaches to the determination of indicators of the effectiveness of foreign economic activity in the agricultural sector as a result of changes in the institutional environment have been improved, which, unlike the existing ones, comprehensively take into account the results of domestic and export activities of agricultural enterprises. Practical value. The results of the study can be used in the marketing activities of agricultural enterprises in order to build export strategies and search for their own niche in the world market. Key words: institutional support; institutions; foreign economic activity; agricultural enterprises; export; import; price; agricultural products; world market; foreign direct investment.

Spoljnotrgovinska razmena poljoprivrednih proizvoda između Republike Srbije i Republike Kazahstan - decenija od potpisivanja sporazuma o slobodnoj trgovini

Modern international economic relations, among other things, are characterized by establishing bilateral and multilateral cooperation between countries in order to liberalize trade relations. The implementation of reached free trade agreements affects economic trends in the signatory countries, the intensification of their foreign trade as wll as the increase in the attractiveness of countries as investment destinations. From 2000 onwards, Serbia has signed several free trade agreements with European countries and the United States. Ten years ago, a free trade agreement was signed with the Republic of Kazakhstan in order to encourage the development of mutual trade and economic relations, accelerate economic development, improve living and working conditions, increase employment and establish fair competition between economic entities from Serbia and Kazakhstan. The subject of the mentioned trade relations are also agri-food products, whose production in Serbia is supported by an excellent raw material base, and has always been a part of national tradition and culture. The research subject of this paper is foreign trade of agricultural products between Serbia and Kazakhstan with regard to free trade agrrements. The research aim is to determine the differences in the movement of exports and imports between the mentioned countries in the period before and after the signing of the free trade agreement.

Foreign trade of agricultural products between Serbia and the European Union: Problems and perspectives

The aim of this paper is to analyse trade relations between Serbia and the European Union, from the perspective of trade in agricultural products. An overview of the changes in the economic structure of Serbia, which resulted from the transition to a system of market economy and in which agriculture gained greater developmental significance than it had in the previous period, represents the starting point of the analysis. The trade of agricultural products between Serbia and the EU countries has been on an upward trend since the beginning of the century, and Serbia has achieved a positive balance in that trade. However, the structure of Serbian export points to a problem of low export competitiveness. This problem could be overcome by acting gradually on various segments of production, trade and promotion of agricultural products, which the authors of the paper define in the form of a proposal. Trade in agricultural products between Serbia and the EU is part of their overall economic relations and contributes to the process of Serbia's integration into the EU, so positive trends related to this aspect of their relations can be expected in the future.

Місце українського агроекспорту на світовому продовольчому ринку

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the current state of domestic agro-exports on the world food market and determine the place of Ukrainian agro-producers on it in the context of European integration. Methodology / approach. The following methods were used in the study: abstract-logical (for theoretical generalization of conclusions and analysis of the results of the study); economic-statistical (for analysis of the current state of foreign trade in agricultural products) comparative – in the study of foreign trade balance of Ukrainian agroproducts; graphic – for determining the share of countries in world production of wheat, leaders in the export of domestic corn and wheat. Results. Trends of foreign trade of domestic agricultural products were considered. It was defined, that the basis of domestic agroexport were products of vegetative origin. The main trends of export of agricultural products in Ukraine were highlighted. As a result of the research it was established that in the world food market during the study period Ukraine was acknowledged as a predictable and powerful supplier of quality agricultural products. Originality / scientific novelty. The study of indicators of foreign trade of domestic agro-exports, analysis of commodity and geographical structure of agricultural products export in the world food market was further developed. The place of domestic agro-export in the global food market has been determined. Practical value / implications. The results of the conducted research can be used for further scientific researches on determination of directions in development of the domestic agrarian sector of Ukraine, in the context of diversification of development of new market segments for certain types of products within certain tariff quotas.

An empirical study on the relationship between foreign trade of agricultural products and the development of cold chain logistics in Sichuan Province

This paper selects the data of Sichuan Province from 2001 to 2018 as the sample, which is the total trade volume of agricultural products (TA), the cold chain logistics volume of agricultural products (CD), and the cold chain logistics volume of agricultural products (CS). Through the time series of three variables, the stationary, co-integration and vector error correction models are used to study the long-term equilibrium and short-term fluctuations between the agricultural product foreign trade and agricultural product cold chain logistics development level, in order to provide suggestions for the common development of both. The results show that: First, the level of agricultural trade and the level of cold chain logistics of agricultural products continue to increase, but the overall level of the two is still insufficient. Secondly, the time series of the both are smooth sequences through the first-order difference. Through the cointegration test, there is a long-term equilibrium relationship, and the short-term relationship between the two is greater than the long-term relationship. Thirdly, the demand and supply of cold chain logistics of agricultural products is a one-way causal relationship between the trade volume of agricultural products. In the future, we must give full play to the advantages of Sichuan’s characteristic agricultural products and strengthen the construction of logistics facilities and the connection between logistics nodes.

Импортозамещение сельскохозяйственной продукции в России

<span>Импортозамещение как вид национальной экономической стратегии активно подвергалось критике в ХХ в. Однако после финансово-экономического кризиса 2008–2009 гг. в условиях нового этапа глобализации оно получило второе дыхание во многих странах, включая развитые экономики. В отличие от большинства государств, применяющих стратегии импортозамещения в промышленном секторе для ускорения индустриализации, Россия одним из приоритетов развития национальной экономики признаёт импортозамещение в сельскохозяйственном производстве, что ставит ее опыт в разряд уникальных. В статье рассматриваются теоретические аспекты и эволюция представлений о стратегии импортозамещения, исследуются потенциал и современное состояние импортозамещения в российском сельском хозяйстве. На основе статистического анализа внешней торговли России за период 2001–2017 гг. авторы выявляют отчетливый тренд к росту доли сельскохозяйственной продукции в общем объеме экспорта. Названы ключевые проблемы и перспективы импортозамещения сельскохозяйственной продукции в России.</span>

АГРАРНИЙ КОРПОРАТИВНИЙ СЕКТОР: ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ

The author considers the development of theoretical and methodological foundations for research of agrarian corporations and the corporatization process of the agrarian sector of Ukraine’s economy. It is found that the current domestic legislation does not contain a single and comprehensive definition of a corporation in general and an agrarian corporation in particular. Meanwhile, their existing definitions show some inconsistency in the interpretation of the definition of a “corporation” in various legislative acts. Formation of corporations is inseparable from the processes of concentration and integration. The main features of the institutional unit affiliation with the corporate sector are: the pooling of resources (capital and/or property), internal structuring and separation of property rights from the rights of management (control). The corporation is an economic system with certain social functions. The corporate segment in agriculture is formed of agricultural enterprises, their associations and cooperatives. At the same time, agrarian corporations should not formally include the state and private enterprises with a sole proprietor, as well as farms. The agrarian corporate system is not homogeneous either in composition or in the nature of regulation. It should be structured according to certain characteristics (for example, according to the size of land-use and/or livestock). Accordingly, the development trends of various segments, their impact on the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators and the effectiveness of the state regulation of the industry should be examined. Ukraine’s agrarian corporate sector demonstrates a generally positive development dynamics. It produces almost half of all agrarian output and more than half of plant-growing. Agricultural corporations make the main contribution to ensuring a positive balance of foreign trade in agricultural products. At the same time, corporations are responsible for distorting the structure of exports, namely for the prevalence of several groups of commodities in exports. Holding entities, whose activities are not legalized, dominate in the agrarian corporate sector.

Поточний стан та перспективи розвитку агропромислового сектору України в контексті євроінтеграції

The article analyzes the individual indicators of Ukraine's foreign trade in agricultural products. The prospects and opportunities for the domestic agro-industrial sector that will arise as a result of the signing of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the countries of the European Union, as well as the creation of a free trade zone within this Agreement, are outlined. The assessment of the level of competitiveness of agricultural products is generalized. The criteria to be met by the agro-industrial complex in the context of European integration are characterized. Necessary directions for creation of modern competitive agro-industrial complex are given. The tasks to be solved by the state authorities for the development of agriculture are determined. Measures are proposed to ensure the development of agroindustrial complex in the conditions of European integration.

Внешняя торговля США аграрной продукцией: новый поворот

Внешняя торговля США аграрной продукцией: новый поворот

Agrifood export diversification of Belarus in terms of free trade agreements between EAEU and third countries

The modern development of foreign trade of agricultural products and foodstuffs in the Republic of Belarus is characterized by an intensive increase in export potential, which requires constant search and development of new promising sales markets. For Belarus, participation in regional trade and economic integration associations (free trade zone with participation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)) is considered as one of the directions for creating favorable conditions for exporters to access the markets of partner countries. Implementation of export potential of the member states of the integration association is the subject of negotiations during preparation of agreements and requires searching the balance of concessions between the parties concerned. Therefore, in terms of trade of highly sensitive to import agricultural and processing industry products, a reasoned justification is required for requesting potential partners to ease access regimes for a particular product, given the need to provide reciprocal concessions. In this regard, we have developed a technique for assessing possibilities of developing exports of agricultural products of Belarus when signing agreements on free trade zones between the Eurasian Economic Union and third countries, we also tested the presented technique by the example of such countries as Egypt, Iran, Israel, Indonesia and India as the most likely partners to conclude free trade agreements with the Eurasian Economic Union. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the competitive environment at potential sales markets and an assessment of competitiveness of Belarusian export products, as well as study of measures of foreign trade policy (customs tariff and non-tariff barriers), the most appropriate export commodity groups were identified.

Development Prospects of Ukraine’s Foreign Trade in Agricultural Products in the Context of European Integration and Global Challenges

The aim of the article is to determine the status and prospects and to propose recommendations for the development of Ukraine’s foreign trade in agro-industrial products in the context of European integration and global challenges. To achieve this aim, the article investigates the significance of the agrarian complex for Ukraine’s economy, defines the most promising types of agro-industrial products in terms of exports using dynamic statistical, comparative, and correlation-regression analyses, and proposes respective recommendations. Was made a conclusion that Ukraine has a significant share in the world market of grain crops and exceeds the EU indicators for the exports of wheat, barley and maize. The recommendations for improving the positions of Ukraine as an exporter of agro-industrial products suggested in the article include as follows: (1) in order to change raw-based exports of these products, Ukraine has to change the exports towards finished products with a high added value, in particular, organic products that are relatively expensive in the EU countries due to the complexity of their cultivation; (2) technical re-equipment of the agro-industrial complex, which requires considerable capital investments; (3) implementation of the technologies of adaptive soil-protecting farming to prevent degradation of agricultural land; (4) implementation of the modern infrastructure of Ukraine’s agrarian market as proposed by the authors.

India's Foreign Trade of Agricultural Products in Free Market Economy

Though India has become food surplus and the advancement of technology and the free flow of capital is available, but the country faces setbacks at qualitative ends. Despite increasing value of exports, the country is still not able to achieve a surplus balance of trade. The present paper examines the trends, composition, and directions of trade of agricultural products in the liberalized economy. Among the countries of the world, India shares better trade relations with Vietnam, UAE, Saudi Arabia and the USA. In order to strive for a favorable balance of trade, there is a need to explore potential markets for agricultural products in Europe and Africa with prime focus on the integration of technological innovation and better marketing infrastructure.

Foreign trade in agricultural products in the Czech Republic

Th e article analyses trends in the territorial and commodity structure of the Czech foreign agrarian trade and aims to identify changes which have occurred during the last decade. Th e main emphasis has been put on the period after the accession to the EU. Primarily such changes are identifi ed, that occurred in the relation to the EU-Member States and to third countries. Th e results show that the value of agricultural exports and imports was growing during the surveyed period while the growth rate of agricultural exports was above the growth rate of agricultural imports. Agricultural exports increased from CZK 78 billion in 2005 to more than CZK 160 billion in 2013 and the imports rose from CZK 103 billion to more than CZK 184 billion in the same period. Th e territorial structure of the foreign agrarian trace is continuously concentrating on the EU-Single Market, both in terms of exports and imports. Exports of milk, milk products, cereals, beverages, food preparations, tobacco and tobacco manufactures, cereal preparations, food residues and waste, oilseeds, vegetable fats and oils, sugar and confectionery belong to the most important commodity aggregations. Th e share of proce- ssed products in the total exports increased and reached currently about 7%. Th e export - import coverage ratio reached a satisfactory trend as well. Although the Czech Republic does not have ideal conditions for the export-oriented agriculture, the country is able to gain comparative advantages, at least at the level of following aggregations: HS10, HS01, HS12, HS24, HS04, HS17, HS15, HS11, HS16, HS22, HS03 a HS13.

ПРІОРИТЕТИ РОЗВИТКУ АПК УКРАЇНИ ДЛЯ СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ ЗОВНІШНЬОЇ ТОРГІВЛІ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОЮ ПРОДУКЦІЄЮ В УМОВАХ АСОЦІАЦІЇ З ЄС

The article analyzes the activities of the Coalition agreement, the Program of the Cabinet of Ministers of 2015-2020, as well as the Sustainable Development Strategy Ukraine - 2020, aimed at stimulating agricultural production to meet domestic demand and export potential development. The development priorities of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine, which will stimulate an increase in foreign trade in agricultural products in terms of association with the EU, were justified. The enactment of the Law On agricultural system, which is necessary to clearly define public policy, differentiated for each of the four groups of producers, was deemed necessary. State policy on agricultural corporations should be regulated as activities of corporate structures in other sectors. These agro-industrial corporations are excluded from the benefits system and state support of agricultural activities. Government policy on corporate farms should include the following: corporate farms operate using the existing means of state support and tax benefits. State policy on family farms should be formed in this direction: family farms are given priority in state support for all programs. Government policy on consumer (social) facilities should be conducted so, that agricultural activities of households for the purpose of food self-sufficiency was the sphere of influence of the state agrarian policy.

The Formation of Russian Agrarian Trade Structure: Inter-industry vs. Intra-industry Trade Activities

The paper is focused on specialization of Russia’s foreign trade in agrarian products and foodstuffs in terms of inter-industry and intra-industry trade. The main objective of this study is to analyse the extent of intra-industry trade in Russia’s foreign trade in agricultural products and to identify significant changes in trade patterns at the industry level over the transformation period (1996–2012).The results coming from individual conducted analyses provide a systematic decomposition of Russia’s foreign trade into three trade types: inter-industry, intra-industry in horizontally and vertically differentiated products. Inter-industry type of trade dominates in Russian foreign trade in agricultural and food products and accounts for about a third of total trade flows. The analysis revealed significant differences in the intensity of intra-industry trade, depending on geographic region. The lowest level of intra-industry trade is observed in relation to Africa and South America, the highest - in relation to CIS countries. There were also found some trends, including the expanding intra-industry trade in relation to the CIS countries, as well as a decrease in relation to Asian and EU countries.

The impact of foreign trade in agricultural products of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the framework of CEFTA 2006

In modern conditions, characterized by the growing importance of foreign trade between the countries, relations of a country with international environment play an increasingly important role in economic development. Over the last decade the process of economic integration through the removal of barriers for the free movement of goods, services, money and people has improved job creation and economic growth. From economic cooperation with foreign countries should expect positive effects on the economy of the state if the external economic factor used in accordance with the plans and programs of economic development of a country. Thereto, there are social forces that can decide relatively independently to all elements of internal development and cooperation with foreign countries. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the CEFTA 2006 on the foreign trade of agricultural products in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this respect it may be noted that foreign trade of agricultural products has an impact on the agricultural sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina.