Foreign Scientific Sources Research Articles

Соціальне менторство вєвропейському комунікативному просторі: кейси російсько-української війни

This research aims to substantiate the content, forms, principles, andpeculiarities of social mentoring, which remains insufficiently explored in sociology, as well as to clarify the implementation of its practical cases in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war.A mixed methodology was applied to investigate social mentoring, combining general scientific and specific sociological methods. Based on traditional and critical analysis of and foreign scientific sources, the main scientific approaches to interpreting social mentoring were clarified; its content, principles, forms, and application areas were specified; similarities and differences between social mentoring, mentoring, and coaching were identified. The comparative-historical method facilitated understanding the history of the emergence of social mentoring and specifying the features of its development in European countries and Ukraine. The main features and principles of social mentoring at the individual-personal and societal-group levels were identified through analysis and synthesis. Based on content analysis of mass media and social networks, cases of social mentoring in Ukraine in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war were identified across a wide range of spheres: charity, volunteering, civil and legal sectors, interface design, cultural and project management, education, medical services, social sphere, etc.In the conclusions, the authors substantiated the content, principles of social mentoring, clarified the features of its development in Ukraine, determined the characteristics of the communicative space in which social mentoring is implemented, presented the most famous cases that have spread in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war, and identified the problems that exist on the path of its institutionalization.Keywords:mentor, mentee, social mentoring, mentoring, target groups, communicative space, cases, social capital.

Forensic medical determination of the age of fractures based on X-ray research methods: A literature review

Fractures of various locations as a result of traumatism rank second in both Russia and abroad. In Iran, and in the daily work of a forensic expert, skeletal trauma, if not prevalent, is one of the injuries encountered during the examination of victims, accused, and other persons. In addition to determining the mechanism of bone fracture formation, experts face cases of persistent injuries. Determining the time of the occurrence of bodily injuries in living persons generally does not involve special labor if full-fledged research objects are available. A much more difficult task is determining the age of a bone fracture from control radiographs, without primary clinical and radiological data, when the expert is provided with only control radiographs of the area of interest, which were taken after a long time has elapsed from the time of injury. In modern domestic and foreign scientific sources, no clear criteria have been established for determining the age of fractures based radiographs. Although some studies have been devoted to this issue in forensic medical literature, they are based on the results of nonradiological research methods: histological, histochemical, fractographic, ultrasound, and others. In the specialized literature on traumatology, determining the age of fractures since occurrence is not a priority. The analysis of literary sources shows the relevance of research on radiography methods for forensic medical practice.

Retrospective Evaluation of the Vehicular Trauma Prevalence in Dogs (Based on the Data of the Rostov Region Veterinary Clinic Chain for the Period of 2018–2022)

Introduction. Vehicular trauma is one of the most common causes of canine trauma — at least 51% of the total number of the canine trauma according to the foreign statistics. The main risk group consists of the dog males aged from 1 to 3 years old. In Russia no research was conducted to analyse the prevalence of vehicular trauma in dogs that would allow determining the risk factors, the nature and severity of injuries, and making recommendations for the owners and veterinarians. This article proposes a retrospective evaluation of the vehicular trauma prevalence in dogs based on the data of the Rostov region veterinary clinic chain for the period of 2018–2022.Materials and Methods. For retrospective evaluation, the medical histories of patients of the “VitaVet” LLC veterinary clinic chain (Rostov region) were used as the material. The selection of medical histories was carried out from September 2022 to March 2023 in accordance with the following inclusion criteria: the presence of a vehicular trauma in the animal's anamnesis; diagnosis based on the physical examination, X-ray examination and ultrasound examination; absence of data on the other potentially life-threatening diseases in the animal medical history. The severity of dogs’ condition was evaluated according to five parameters of the ATT scale (Animal Trauma Triage) and the estimate shock index.Results. A retrospective evaluation of the vehicular trauma prevalence in dogs was carried out based on the data of 559 selected medical histories. Of these, 217 histories belonged to bitches (94% non-neutered) and 342 to dog males (98% non-neutered). It was revealed that the number of deaths in bitches was almost two times less in comparison with the male dogs (13% and 20.2% respectively). About 45% of vehicular trauma occurred in animals aged from 1 to 3 years old. The lowest percentage of deaths (6.15%) and the average ATT score (3.15±0.09) were found in bitches under one year old. In bitches aged from 1 to 3 years old, these parameters equalled to 10.74% mortality and 3.46±0.07 ATT score. Among male dogs, the lowest mortality percentage was found in males from 7 to 10 years old (11.11%), in animals under one year old it was 12.84%. The largest number of injured dogs was in the small dog breeds (63.69%), however in large dog breeds the percentage of deaths and the average ATT score were higher (54.8% and 4.34±0.3). The most common diagnoses resulting from the vehicular trauma were: femoral fracture, pelvic fracture, craniocerebral trauma, contusion, tibia fracture, vertebral fracture.Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the retrospective evaluation indicate that the young non-neutered dog males were most often subject to the vehicular trauma (dogs under the age of 3 years old were in the risk group). Mortality among the dog males was higher than among the bitches. The small dog breeds were more likely to get the vehicular trauma, whereas the percentage of deaths in large dog breeds was higher. The most common injuries observed during the period of research were the musculoskeletal disorders, this fully corresponds to the data published in the foreign scientific sources. Further expansion of the sample of research taking into account the data of the other veterinary clinic chains will create the opportunity for getting a more detailed picture in the research area.

ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНИЙ (КОНТЕКСТНИЙ) АНАЛІЗ ЗМІШАНОГОНАВЧАННЯ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЙОГО ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ УСУЧАСНІЙ ОСВІТНІЙ ПРАКТИЦІ

The article is devoted to the problem of blended learning, which is increasingly attracting the attention of both domestic and foreign researchers and practicing educators. Taking into account the challenges of globalization, which have directly affected the education system, the problem of applying pedagogical practices that enable the combination of different formats of education has become extremely relevant. In particular, it is about the combination of face-to-face learning with various formats of electronic learning (asynchronous and/or synchronous), which is the essence of blended learning. Currently, the support and further implementation of blended learning in the educational process of higher education are quite complicated. Among other problems, the authors of the article single out the lack of a clear definition of the essence of blended learning and the incomplete readiness (methodological, technological and technical) of the pedagogical staff for the implementation of the blended learning model in practice. The article is devoted to the theoretical-methodological (contextual) analysis of the concept of "blended learning", the definition of its polysemic essence based on the study of domestic and foreign scientific sources and the identification of prospects for implementation in modern domestic and foreign educational practice. It was determined that currently blended learning is usually interpreted as a model, technology, method or a special process of acquiring knowledge. Essential features were analyzed; the main components of combined training are defined. The most typical definitions of blended learning are systematized, the essence of which is represented by the first words of the definition: unifying method, model, technology, methodology, teaching method, a type of hybrid methodology, purposeful process of acquiring knowledge, skills and abilities, educational concept, training, teaching system It is substantiated that, despite the indisputable advantages, there are certain challenges - both objective and subjective - that stand in the way of the implementation of blended learning.

Availability of rehabilitation for victims of mine-explosive injury in the conditions of territorial community.

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the needs for long-term rehabilitation of persons with damage as a result of a mine-explosive trauma and the availability of rehabilitation for these persons in the territorial community. Materials and Methods: Research materials included domestic and foreign scientific sources and normative legal acts on the topic. Research methods included the content analysis, bibliosemantic, data summarization, medical and statistical. Results: The needs for long-term rehabilitation are determined by combined damage, among which damage to the limbs (34.78%-65.22%) [10], craniocerebral injuries (7.9%-12.7%) [11], the acoustic system (40.5%) [16], injuries of bones and soft tissues of the face (10.85%) [18]. Іn 2018, for the first time, 1.2 per 10,000 adult population of participants of the Anti-Terrorist Operation/Joint Forces Operation were recognized as persons with disabilities [7]. Permanent limitations of life activities were caused mainly by brain and limb injuries. In general, long-term rehabilitation is available to persons with injuries in the territorial community in accordance with European approaches. At the same time, the participation of the general practitioner-family doctor is limited by regulatory requirements only to refer the patient to rehabilitation specialists and other specialists. Conclusions: High needs for long-term rehabilitation of persons brain and limb injuries as a result of mine-explosive trauma have been established. There is a need to expand the participation of general practitioners-family doctor in the organization and implementation of rehabilitation as a full-fledged member of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team, which requires making appropriate changes to regulatory acts.

Trends in technical and technological smart technologies support of cows keeping

Purpose. Summarize the world experience of technical and technological provision of smart technologies (Smart livestock farming (SLF), Precision Livestock Farming (PLF), Digital Livestock Farming (DLF)) in the processes of cows husbanden. Methods. The method of information-logical analysis of domestic and foreign scientific and technical information sources on the current state of technical and technological milk production support is applied. Results. A generalized list of technical and technological solutions regarding the use of smart technologies (SLF, PLF, DLF) in the processes of cows keeping is given. The components of the technical and technological support of smart technologies of cows keeping are systematized, they 226 based on three main types of information: monitoring of the physiological state of animals, monitoring of the parameters of the animal keeping environment, and monitoring of the environmental load of livestock farms. Conclusions. The main tasks solved by the application of smart technologies in the process of cows keeping are: automatic detection of heat and planning of herd reproduction measures, automatic detection of disease symptoms, adaptive management of the microclimate of livestock premises. Issues of effective microclimate management in order to avoid thermal stress of cows and to ensure control of the environmental load of milk production farms remain problematic. Keywords: PLF, SLF, DLF, smart technologies, milk production biotechnical system, cows keeping, livestock premises microclimate, cow’s health.

Early and late chorioretinal complications of preeclampsia

Preeclampsia remains a serious problem of obstetric practice, the growth of severe forms of this complication of pregnancy is predicted in the future, which determines the scientific interest of specialists in the search for new markers of preeclampsia to prevent the progression of preeclampsia and maternal mortality. The ocular fundus is an area where vessels can be observed in real time, in addition, the structure of the retina predisposes to the development of edema, up to retinal detachment in severe preeclampsia. In the last decade, new diagnostic equipment has become available to study chorioretinal changes at the stage of preclinical manifestations. In order to study early and late complications of pre-eclampsia from the retina and vasculature, we analyzed domestic and foreign scientific sources published in the last five years. According to a number of authors, changes in the visual organ of varying degrees of severity in preeclampsia occur in 100% of cases. It is established that the key role in the pathogenesis of vascular disorders in preeclampsia belongs to endothelial dysfunction. Preeclampsia may be accompanied by hemorrhagic and ischemic retinal infarcts, retinal pigment epithelium detachment, corkscrew-shaped tortuosity of arterioles in the periphery of the retina, retinal detachment, optic disc edema, less frequently vitreous hemorrhages, lesions of the optic nerve, conjunctiva and cerebral cortex in the area of visual centers, which may resolve against the background of therapy when the patient's general condition improves. However, in some women endothelial dysfunction may persist for many years, the most frequent late complications of preeclampsia are retinal detachment and diabetic retinopathy. Along with traditional methods of ophthalmoscopy of the eye fundus for diagnostics of chorioretinal complications OCT for determination of serous retinal detachment, subretinal deposits and other pathologies of the vasculature, USDG of the central retinal artery, posterior short ciliary arteries, ocular artery for diagnostics of ophthalmologic complications of preeclampsia can be used. As a result of the analysis of scientific data, conclusions are drawn about the association of preeclampsia with the development of certain early and distant chorioretinal complications. The search for new, earlier changes on the ocular fundus may serve for early diagnosis of preeclampsia, prevention of severe complications of pregnancy.

Telemedicine and experimental legal regimes in the field of healthcare: problems and prospects for implementation

In connection with the adoption of Federal Law No. 258-FZ of July 31, 2020 “On experimental legal regimes in the field of digital innovation in the Russian Federation,” a number of initiatives have been developed to establish experimental legal regimes in the field of telemedicine. The idea of using digital technologies in medicine is certainly relevant. On the one hand, the prospect of remotely receiving medical services is practically in demand; on the other, the level of technology development currently allows for a significant expansion of their implementation. The need to turn to the institution of an experimental legal regime is due to the fact that the current legislation contains norms that seriously complicate the process of widespread dissemination of telemedicine services.The purpose of the study is to reveal the theoretical characteristics of the concept of telemedicine and its current state, to identify legal obstacles to its development, to conduct a comparative analysis of existing draft programs of experimental regimes, to assess the problems and prospects for the development of telemedicine technologies in modern Russian practice. The study is based on domestic and foreign scientific sources of both legal and medical nature, as well as current and projected legal acts in the field of medical services, digital technologies, and personal data protection. Formal-legal, comparative-legal, statistical, and prognostic methods are used. Several problems that require a conceptual solution, including the issue of the safety of personal data and the issue of responsibility for a medical error resulting from the use of artificial intelligence technology or a technical device have been identified. Both are unlikely to be completely resolved at the current level of legal regulation and technological development. This, however, only confirms the need to introduce appropriate experimental regimes in order to use the accumulated empirical material to find solutions to existing and abstractly predictable problems.

THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN IMPROVING TRANSPORT SAFETY: VEHICLE AND INFRASTRUCTURE SAFETY SYSTEMS

The growing number of traffic accidents and road deaths make traffic safety one of the most urgent problems of our time. Technological advancements in road transport and road infrastructure create a powerful potential for mitigating the risk of road accidents and ultimately saving lives. This study aims to analyse and evaluate the impact of technology on improving transportation safety with a focus on vehicle and infrastructure safety systems. The object of research is technologies aimed at preventing road accidents and reducing their consequences, while the subject of research is the role of these technologies in traffic safety. To achieve the goal, we used the following methods in this study. An analysis of domestic and foreign scientific sources was carried out, which made it possible to assess the state of modern research in the field of transport safety and identify the most significant aspects of the technologies usage to reduce the risk of road accidents. Active participation in scientific discussions and exchange of views with leading scientists in this field allowed us to gain additional insights and evaluate the current state of research in transport safety. The study encompassed several tasks, including analysing and assessing modern car safety technologies. The research analysed the impact of existing car safety technologies on traffic accident statistics, outlining their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, the article explored the role of infrastructure, including intelligent traffic management and communication technologies, in enhancing overall traffic safety. We identified challenges, such as privacy and cyber security, related to the application of technology in transport security and outlined prospects for further development of this industry. The article highlights the importance of using technology to improve traffic safety. The findings allow us to determine that the development of car safety systems and infrastructure has the potential to reduce road accidents substantially. The recommendations from the study emphasise the need for further research in cyber security and standardisation of technologies to ensure their secure integration on roads. This approach to the technology implementation can help diminish the risk of road accidents and preserve human lives. Keywords: technologies, transport safety, transport technologies, cars, transport infrastructure.

Administrative liability of juveniles for smoking

The research relevance is determined by the prevalence of smoking among minors, as well as by the insufficient effectiveness of administrative liability measures taken against minors if they have committed an administrative offence – smoking in prohibited places. The research aims to determine the theoretical and legal features of administrative liability and to analyse the measures taken against juvenile offenders. The research aim was achieved by a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of Ukrainian and foreign scientific sources and provisions of current legislation. The author examines the peculiarities of administrative liability of minors for smoking. It is established that, according to the current Ukrainian legislation, administrative liability of minors for smoking may be imposed on persons aged 16-18 years, and the main measure is an administrative penalty (fine) paid by parents. The author provides arguments in favour of lowering the age limit for administrative liability of minors to 13-15 years. The author substantiates the expediency of educational influence on minors through pedagogical and social training aimed at solving the problem of tobacco use among minors. It is noted that such measures will be preventive in nature and will help to reduce the number of cases when minors smoke in prohibited places and will also contribute to solving the problem of smoking among minors in general. It is emphasised that the issue raised in this paper is not only legal but also pedagogical, social, and medical in nature. The practical significance of the results obtained is that they identify gaps in Ukrainian legislation and provide recommendations for improving approaches to the administrative liability of minors for smoking and addressing the problem of smoking among minors

Медико-социальные проблемы распространенности ЛОР- заболеваний и доступности оториноларингологической помощи населению, в том числе детскому (обзор зарубежной литературы)

An analysis of foreign scientific sources suggests that the prevalence of otorhinolaryngological diseases in the world is high and affects the increase in disability and mortality rates. The most common pediatric otorhinolaryngological disease worldwide is otitis media. Low availability of specialized otorhinolaryngologist care and socioeconomic disadvantage are associated with earlier, more frequent and severe ENT disease in children. The most vulnerable to otitis media leading to hearing loss are children of low socioeconomic status (even in developed countries) and indigenous children in all countries of the world. In low- and middle-income countries, pediatric otorhinolaryngology faces challenges associated with a lack of infrastructure and equipment, a relatively small health care budget, a shortage of medical staff, and a lack of political will. In multicultural developed countries, the lack of understanding in medical institutions of the need to take into account ethno-cultural characteristics, as well as a decrease in confidence in medical institutions, creates constant barriers to access to medical services.

The problem of soil fatigue in apple orchardsmonoculture

The article provides an analysis of current domestic and foreign scientific sources regarding the phenomenon of soil depletion in perennial apple orchards, its impact on the growth and productivity of apple trees, and measures to improve the soil’s ecological condition within monocultures. In recent years, there has been an increasing need to establish new apple plantations on land plots after the removal of old orchards. This is influenced by various factors, including the cultivation of intensive short-cycle orchards with necessary infrastructure, economic facilities with access networks situated on privatized lands, the designated use of which cannot be altered. Consequently, establishing new fruit plantations on land previously unused for perennial fruit crops becomes unfeasible. This underscores the necessity of enhancing soil quality indicators, including reducing or entirely mitigating the negative effects of soil depletion on young trees following the removal of old ones. Particular attention is warranted to the adverse impact of cultivating weak-growing varieties on dwarf rootstocks repeatedly. These root systems are located in surface layers of the soil where the majority of the roots from previously grown trees were concentrated. A series of studies have demonstrated the negative influence on plant growth indicators when young trees are grown in the same location as removed orchards. The presence of residual tree roots in the soil suppresses the growth of young plantations, leading to a reduction in stem diameter, shoot growth, and tree height. In global practice, fumigation (chemical and biological), cultivation of specific plant species in interrows for bioremediation with subsequent plowing as cover crops, the application of mineral and organic fertilizers, various biostimulants, and organic additives are often used to minimize the negative effects of soil depletion. Continuous research is being conducted to study various crop varieties, fertilization systems, and agricultural practices aimed at effectively and ecologically safely addressing the issue of soil depletion in specific soil-climatic conditions.

CRACK RESISTANCE OF BRIDGE REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES BASED ON THE FRACTURE MECHANICS PRINCIPLES

Purpose The work purpose is to establish the real technical condition of reinforced concrete and steel-reinforced concrete bridges based on the surveys and tests, as well as the analysis and synthesis of scientific and technical sources. Methodology. To achieve the goal, a review and synthesis of scientific and technical sources and regulatory documents regarding the technical condition of reinforced concrete and steel-reinforced concrete bridges and overpasses of Ukraine is carried out. It is shown that the development and implementation of new technologies for repairing the existing bridge defective structures, in particular on the highways of Ukraine is an urgent problem. A thorough analysis of experience and publications on the operation of newly built and long-term specified bridges in the mentioned environments is carried out. The data on the main unacceptable defects and faults of bridge structures as well as the causes, including concrete and reinforcement corrosion, and other defects and faults are presented. The quality indicators of reinforced concrete and steel-reinforced concrete bridge structures are considered, the problems and analysis of ensuring reliability and durability in the operation conditions on the highways of Ukraine are formulated. Results. The analysis of domestic and foreign scientific and technical sources as well as the experience of surveys and tests regarding the technical condition of reinforced concrete bridges structures in Ukraine is carried out. In particular, the analysis and synthesis of the problems of ensuring the reliability and durability of the specified bridges in the operation conditions on the highways of Ukraine is carried out. The design errors, construction defects and faults, and long-term operational faults in the mentioned environments are summarized and clarified. In addition, the obtained data are as the basis to specify the criteria and models of the destruction mechanics in relation to reinforced concrete bridge structures. In particular, based on the obtained data, the methods to determine the VAT and the residual resource of the specified bridges are created. Scientific novelty. Based on the analysis and synthesis of scientific and technical sources and a number of surveys and tests, reinforced concrete and steel-reinforced concrete structures and long-term bridges newly built after the floods in 1998 and 2001, it is possible to summarize the main reasons that significantly affect the structures degradation of both the newly built and long-term bridges. This allows generalizing the design errors, construction defects and faults, and long-term operational faults. In addition, the state data served as the basis to specify the criteria and models of the destruction mechanics in relation to reinforced concrete bridge structures. In particular, based on these data, the methods to determine the assessment of the strength and crack resistance and the VAT and the residual resource of such bridges are created. Practical significance. Based on the given data and observations of real objects for 30 years, the main faults, defects and errors of the design, construction, and long-term bridges are summarized and set up. The methods to determine the VAT and calculate the residual resource, giving an opportunity to work out the repair and restoration method to increase the durability and reliability of long-term bridges are created.

FORMATION OF THE SOCIALLY SUCCESSFUL PERSONALITY OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: GENDER CHARACTERISTICS (according to the results of an experimental study)

In the conditions of the European integration of Ukraine, compliance with the gender strategy of the educational institution is important, especially from the school level, as an indicator of the democratization of society. It resonates with the problem of forming a socially successful personality of high school students, since success is the main characteristic of any activity and the result of a person’s integration into the socio-cultural environment.The tasks of the mentioned work are the generalization of experimental research data, the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific sources, advanced pedagogical experience regarding the gender features of the formation of a socially successful personality of education seekers; the results of the application of appropriate methods, forms, methods of educational interaction. In the research process, theoretical (analysis, comparison and generalization) and empirical methods (questionnaire, blitz survey, method of incomplete sentences, observation, projective technique) were applied.The work provides a comparative analysis of the attitude of high school students, parents (persons who replace them), teachers to the concepts of «gender», «social success»; it was found that more than a third of those seeking education have a high need to achieve success (and 16 % of them are girls); for 13% of girls and 17 % of boys, this need is increased; reduced and low need is characteristic of only 13% of high school students; the motivational field of success and fear of failure among school graduates is determined, which is in the «pole of inexpressiveness», and the hope for success among boys (19 %) prevails over the orientation towards achieving success among girls (10 %); the existence of different levels of development of the formation of skills of a socially successful personality has been experimentally proven. So communication skills, optimism and generosity in girls at medium and high levels, as well as assertiveness and self-education skills in boys (respectively, from 37 to 55 points); girls have more inherent (high level) cooperation skills, unlike boys – their level of development is medium and low (up to 37 points)

The influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the development and reproduction of the beet nematode (review)

Purpose. To analyze domestic and foreign scientific sources on the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the development and reproduction of the beet nematode in the soil.
 Results. Long-term research has established that the development and reproduction of the beet nematode are influenced by a complex of biotic factors, among which the most important are the root secretions of plants grown in a field infected with heteroderosis, which can stimulate or inhibit the emergence of parasite larvae from eggs, infestation of sugar beet sowings with weed that are hosts of heterodera, as well as the presence of various species of fungi and bacteria that attack nematode eggs, larvae, and cysts and are considered natural regulators of nematode in agrocenoses. Among the abiotic factors, according to scientists, temperature, humidity, aeration, type and pH of the soil, oxygen content, etc. have significant influence on the viability of various stages of the beet nematode, the duration of development and the number of its generations.
 Conclusions. The results of research on the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the vital activity of the beet nematode indicate the complexity of the relationship of this parasite with various plant species, other microorganisms that inhabit the agrocenosis, and environmental conditions. The high ecological plasticity of the nematode contributes to its significant spread in temperate climates, and the increase in the density and harmfulness of its population in the soil is ensured by the cultivation of favorable crops in the field, as well as by the combination of optimal conditions of temperature, humidity and other factors during vegetation. Further study of various factors that, first of all, negatively affect the development and reproduction of the beet nematode will prepare the conditions for the development and implementation of new alternative approaches of nematode control in sugar beet sowings.

ANNOTATING AND ABSTRACTING AS METHODS OF TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITIES

The article raises the issue of the importance to form the skills of annotating and abstracting foreign language texts in order to obtain the information necessary for future specialists in their professional activities. The need for the ability to work with dictionary and reference literature is emphasized. The article describes the motives that make future technical and legal professionals learn to find the necessary information and use it by annotating various professional scientific, technical and legal literature. The author points to the necessity of forming the summarization skills for obtaining the information from foreign scientific and technical sources. The motives that make future specialists in the technical and legal field learn to find the necessary information and obtain it by annotating scientific and technical literature are presented. The reasons that motivate and teach future technical and legal professionals to quickly find and annotate the necessary information from the scientific literature are listed. It is meant that the annotation is a short description of the work, the printed article and the manuscript. It is a brief descriptive characteristic of the primary source. An abstract answers the question of what the primary source of information says. It is proved that abstracting allows to identify the level of understanding of the text by students, the ability to reproduce the text briefly, highlighting the main content with the help of keywords.
 It is emphasized that annotation of foreign language texts is a specialized type of speech activity of the abstract genre, closely related to reading and writing, which results in analytical and synthetic processing of the information provided. Mastering the skills of annotation leads to a significant increase in the level of foreign language knowledge: it allows you to quickly navigate in special literature.

Cowpea (Vigna Savi.) is a promising crop for Ukraine: importance, biological and ecological features and productive potential of plants

Purpose. To carry out an analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature sources, information resources and the results of previous studies, based on which to evaluate the biological and ecological features and productive potential of plants Vigna genus and to determine their prospects for introduction in Ukraine. Methods. In the process of research, inventory information of NBG collection funds, catalogs of botanical gardens of Ukraine, directories, registers of varieties were used. Printed and electronic scientific periodicals and searchable scientific databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed, Researchgate, Research4Life, Science Direct, Google Scholar) were involved in the information search. The work used methods of introduction, analysis, systematization, comparison, and generalization of information data. Results. In the course of the screening of literary sources, it was found that the center of origin of plants of the genus Vigna is considered to be West Africa. Archaeological finds of these representatives date back to the IV millennium BC. Today, their natural and cultigenic ranges cover the Holarctic, Paleotropical, Neotropical and Australian realms. The genus Vig­na includes 105 species of plants, of which about 10 species are known in culture today, which are characterized by high heat, drought, acid and salt resistance, capable of providing high productivity of above-ground phytomass (3500–4500 kg/ha of absolutely dry matter) and productivity seeds (over 2000 kg/ha). Due to its rich biochemical composition (accumulates proteins, starch, vitamins, micro- and macroelements), it is actively used as a food, medicinal, fodder crop both in its homeland and almost all over the world. Conclusions. Thus, plants of species of the genus Vigna are promising potential crops of the 21st century. Their high adaptive capacity to biotic and abiotic factors of the environment, productive potential testifies to their prospects for introduction and acclimatization throughout the world, the selection of resistant genotypes capable of effectively resisting the challenges of modern climate changes and preventing a possible food crisis.

Online camp as a form of psychological support for students of higher education during the war

The Russian-Ukrainian war actualized the problem of the spread of dangerous psycho-emotional conditions among people who found themselves in difficult situations. It significantly affected the most vulnerable categories of the population, including young people getting an education in higher educational institutions. Students from the Zaporizhia, Donetsk, Kherson, and Dnipropetrovsk regions are studying at the Berdyansk State Pedagogical University. Three of them are at the war epicenter from the first days of the war. Even when the students reached their parents, they remained in the occupied territory. Some of them are directly in the war zone, which leads to different reactions to stressful war situations. Experiencing these traumatic events depends on the individual development of psychological self-defense mechanisms. The insufficient formation of these mechanisms affects the state of vitality as a personal resource. The article presents an overview of theoretical approaches accumulated in domestic and foreign scientific sources devoted to solving the problem of sustainability. In particular, it is indicated that war is a long-lasting and decisive factor of psychotrauma, which generally affects the psychophysical state of the individual; the importance of both the internal potential of the individual and external resources for the development of his vitality is also emphasized, and the characteristics of the structural components of life are given. Based on a survey of higher education students, the psycho-emotional states of students who are in different life situations are characterized: by temporarily occupied territories, in territories controlled by Ukraine in the status of an internally displaced person and abroad, and in the level of a refugee. Furthermore, the impact of their problems on their viability has been established. The article emphasizes the importance of psychological support for students from a higher education institution as a social environment where it is possible to prevent the formation of negative patterns of behavior, help to survive, learn to perceive the surrounding reality, and communicate with it. The article also reveals the role of a non-traditional form of psychological support for applicants - an online camp in the Telegram channel - in the formation of resilience. The approximate content of the work is given, which is aimed at developing its structural components: involvement, control, and risk acceptance. The practice of holding two camps confirms the thesis about the possibility of transforming stressful life events into new opportunities for young people, regardless of the state of war in the country.

Значення мультидисциплінарного, міжвідомчого і міжсекторального підходів як умов впровадження системи паліативної та хоспісної допомоги в Україні

Purpose - to carry out medical and social analysis of conditions and organizational aspects of the Palliative and Hospice Care (PHC) System implementation and development in Ukraine. Materials and methods. There were analyzed: domestic and foreign scientific literary sources; data of official statistics of the State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Health of Ukraine; normative-legal documents of Ukraine and authoritative international professional organizations. Аnd the following research methods were applied: bibliosemantic, system approach and system analysis, comparative content analysis and generally accepted medical-statistical methods. Results. The peculiarities of the medical and demographic situation in Ukraine in recent decades are the rapid population aging, high morbidity and mortality from cancer and severe complications of chronic noncommunicable diseases, significant spread of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis B and C etc. This requires the creation and improvement of an adequate regulatory framework (RF), which regulates the development of an accessible multidisciplinary, interagency and intersectoral PHC System, which requires the development of outpatient PHC services and inpatient PHC facilities, coordination of institutions and agencies subordinate to various ministries and agencies, first of all, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine; introduction of a system of motivation and training of PHC providers and involvement primary health care facilities medical staff in the palliative care provision at home. Thus, affordable and high-quality PHC should be integrated into the Health Care and Social Protection System, as PHC in the early stages of a life-threatening or incurable disease can significantly reduce suffering and improve the quality of life for both palliative patients (PPs) and their families. Conclusions. The urgency of the problem of creating and developing a System of affordable, high quality and effective PHC in Ukraine is due to the unfavorable medical and demographic situation - population aging, increasing morbidity and mortality from cancer and chronic diseases, often accompanied by chronic pain syndrom and other severe symptoms that significantly reduce the quality of life of PPs. The implementation of the PHC System for the population requires political support from the Government of Ukraine, Regional and Local Authorities, appropriate financial support and the whole society participation. Implementation and development of the PHC System in Ukraine with adequate funding from the State Budget (National Health Service of Ukraine), as well as through state, regional and local targeted PHC Programs will provide quality and effective multidisciplinary and interagency palliative care on equal terms, regardless of the nosology of the disease, PPs place of residence/stay and social status. The results of the study allowed to adapt international experience and identify different forms of PНC, which, depending on the severity of the disease and at the request of PPs and their families, can be provided in specialized inpatient PНC facilities, PНC departments of secondary and tertiary health care facilities or outpatient settings, including at home, as well as in PHC facilities of any form of ownership and departmental affiliation, subject to compliance with the standards and requirements of the RF. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Hydrometallurgical technologies of processing arsenic raw materials

Methods presented in Russian and foreign scientific literature sources for processing high-arsenic copper raw materials to convert arsenic into low-soluble and stable compounds are reviewed. Hydrometallurgical processing methods are shown to be applicable for converting environmentally hazardous components into inert solid wastes while avoiding the formation of gaseous emissions. The isolation of arsenic when processing raw materials involves its oxidation and precipitation in the form of low-soluble and stable compounds. Methods for arsenic oxidation using oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, ozone, mixture of oxygen and sulphur dioxide, sodium hypochlorite are compared. Methods of oxidation by iron and permanganate ions, bacteria (biooxidation), as well as by introducing an activated carbon catalyst, are also considered. Precipitation approaches include neutralization by lime, precipitation of sulphides, co-precipitation of arsenic with iron ions, precipitation of scorodite, and encapsulation technology. As a result of the performed analysis, the authors present a promising approach for solving the problem of processing high-arsenic copper concentrates to comply with standards governing arsenic emissions into the environment, including the comprehensive processing of these raw materials using autoclave oxidation. In addition to the ensuring effective precipitation of arsenic in the form of a low-toxic compound (scorodite), this method can be used to isolate valuable components (copper, gold, silver) with their subsequent extraction into individual finished products. The obtained results establish a direction for a further in-depth study of the problem.