Foreign Policy Dilemmas Research Articles

Political Change in Latin America: A Foreign Policy Dilemma for the United States

In 1968 Henry Kissinger wrote: “A mature conception of our interests in the world … would deal with two fundamental questions: What is it in our interest to prevent? What should we seek to accomplish?” (Kissinger, 1974: 92) Whatever its general relevance, that passage is an apt description of the lens through which American policymakers have contemplated the phenomenon of political change in the Third World. Those are the first questions they tend to ask.The rationale for this particular concept of foreign policy tasks has its roots (1) in the complexities of an increasingly interdependent world in which world politics have become truly global for the first time in human history, and (2) in the deep antagonisms embedded in the US/Soviet relationship. Because nuclear realities .have placed a cap on the way in which the two superpowers confront and contend with one another, conflict between them tends to get pushed to the periphery and to take place in indirect ways.

The United States: Foreign policy dilemmas

The United States: Foreign policy dilemmas

Dilemmas of Pakistan's Foreign Policy

(1982). Dilemmas of Pakistan's Foreign Policy. Strategic Analysis: Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 161-168.

Book Reviews

Book Reviews

Britain and the ‘Great Betrayal’: Anglo-American Relations and the Struggle for United States Ratification of the Treaty of Versailles, 1919–1920

Historians have examined in great detail the dramatic debate in American politics over the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles which culminated in the physical collapse of President Wilson and the defeat of his peace programme. The failure of Wilson to carry his programme through the United States senate represented also a distinct setback for the peacemaking strategies of the British government whose policies at the peace conference had been based in large measure on the hope that an enduring trans-Atlantic partnership could be established. The British government followed closely the American treaty debate, sending Viscount Grey, the former Liberal foreign secretary, as a special ambassador, and played a significant if unsuccessful role in the outcome of the drama. It is the intention of this article to examine the attitudes and role of the Lloyd George government through the latter part of 1919 and into 1920 with regard to the fate of the Treaty of Versailles in America, and in particular to reassess the part played by Viscount Grey. It is hoped to shed some new light on the dilemmas of foreign policy and defence strategy encountered at this time by Britain and the empire, as well as to elucidate certain aspects of the American struggle. Since the Covenant of the League of Nations lay at the heart of the American fight over the treaty, it is hoped also that new insight will be provided on the uncertain inauguration of the League.

Crisis 1936: the dilemmas of British foreign policy

Crisis 1936: the dilemmas of British foreign policy

The Relevance of Great Debates: An Analysis of the Discussion Over Vietnam

However the Vietnam war finally resolves itself, and whatever may be its eventual effect on the patterns of international politics, one consequence of that conflict has been obvious since the early days of American involvement. The war has been the occasion for another of those Great Debates that have, from time to time, loomed so large in the course of American foreign policy. In this sense the Vietnam debate has only been the to previous intellectual confrontations such as those surrounding the Spanish-American war, the ratification of the Versailles treaty, the neutrality acts of the 1930s and the dispatch of American troops to Europe in 1951. The statement that the discussion over Vietnam has been the successor to previous debates is not to deny that it displays several unique factors. The most obvious of these is perhaps the very volume and heat of the debate itself, which has quite likely exceeded anything in the American diplomatic experience. This factor may possibly be ascribed to the general tendency toward violent political rhetoric and social polarization that characterized American life during the latter 1960s, a development whose roots lay as much in unresolved domestic tensions as in the dilemmas of foreign policy. Yet the intensity of the debate over Vietnam was at least in part connected with another unique aspect of the discussion: the widespread conviction that the war was essentially a moral problem. The tendency to view the conflict in these terms-in striking contrast to, say, the Korean War-not only accounted for much of the emotional intensity of the dialogue but was also a prime factor in the evident unwillingness of many of the debaters to concede the sincerity of the Administration or the nature of the policy dilemmas confronting it. There were of course other elements involved, in particular resentment at the tortuous and perhaps even devious manner in which American participation in the war developed. In any case the deep-rooted distrust ex-

Recognition of Russia: An American Foreign Policy Dilemma

Recognition of Russia: An American Foreign Policy Dilemma

Japan's Taiwan Tangle

From mid-1963 to early 1964, Japanese relations with the Nationalist regime on Taiwan fell to their lowest point since the nations signed a bilateral peace treaty in 1952. The Chinese Nationalists objected to increased Japanese trade with Peking, notably the deferredpayment sale of a vinylon textile plant; Prime Minister Ikeda's negative comments on return to the mainland; and the repatriation to Communist China of an interpreter, Chou Hung-ching, whose defection and subsequent indecision provoked riots, boycotts, and other anti-Japanese acts in Taipei. Relations did improve somewhat in early 1964 due to the efforts of the Ikeda cabinet and the indirect assist given by French recognition of Communist China, which spurred Taipei to mend its diplomatic fences.' American diplomats may also have urged caution on both Tokyo and Taipei lest another rupture widen allied differences. The recent Japan-Taiwan crisis, however, is important less for the immediate issues than as the best manifestation since 1958 of deeper conflicts of interest. China policy is perhaps the most difficult among Japan's foreign policy dilemmas, and the Taiwan aspect of that policy deserves special analysis at a time when other nations are also reassessing their own policies toward the two Chinas. How did the 1963-64 issues illustrate basic differences between Japanese and Nationalist views? We should contrast the official Liberal-Democratic party and opposition Socialist positions on Taiwan with some private opinions of party leaders, especially LiberalDemocrats sometimes described as pro-Nationalist and pro-Peking. Then, a look at Japanese survey data on popular attitudes, and the record of Japanese-Taiwan trade in recent years, will help us assess the probable future course of Tokyo policy. This report can touch only briefly on the extent to which the Nationalist regime can enlist support from its large indigenous population (80% of the 12 million inhabitants and of the armed forces) for any hostile policy toward Japan. The permission granted by the Japanese government in August 1963 for

Book Reviews: La Pensée Politique Depuis Montesquieu, John Millar of Glasgow, Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait, The Thought of Reinhold Niebuhr, Nations and Empires, Christian Ethics and the Dilemmas of Foreign Policy, Introduction to the Philosophy of History, The Long Revolution, The Public Interest, La Pression des Groupes Internationaux: Esquisse D'un Cadre de Recherche, Organized Groups in British National Politics,

Book Reviews: La Pensée Politique Depuis Montesquieu, John Millar of Glasgow, Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait, The Thought of Reinhold Niebuhr, Nations and Empires, Christian Ethics and the Dilemmas of Foreign Policy, Introduction to the Philosophy of History, The Long Revolution, The Public Interest, La Pression des Groupes Internationaux: Esquisse D'un Cadre de Recherche, Organized Groups in British National Politics,

Christian Ethics and the Dilemmas of Foreign Policy. By Kenneth W. Thompson. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1959. $3.50

Journal Article Christian Ethics and the Dilemmas of Foreign Policy. By Kenneth W. Thompson. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1959. $3.50 Get access Erwin C. Buell Erwin C. Buell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Church and State, Volume 3, Issue 1, May 1961, Pages 107–109, https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/3.1.107 Published: 01 May 1961

Christian Ethics and the Dilemmas of Foreign Policy

Christian Ethics and the Dilemmas of Foreign Policy

Book Review: Christian Ethics and the Dilemmas of Foreign Policy

Book Review: Christian Ethics and the Dilemmas of Foreign Policy

Christian Ethics and the Dilemmas of Foreign Policy

Christian Ethics and the Dilemmas of Foreign Policy

Christian Ethics and the Dilemmas of Foreign Policy. By Kenneth W. Thompson. (Durham: Duke University Press. 1959. Pp. 148. $3.50.)

Christian Ethics and the Dilemmas of Foreign Policy. By Kenneth W. Thompson. (Durham: Duke University Press. 1959. Pp. 148. $3.50.)

Christian Ethics and the Dilemmas of Foreign Policy

Christian Ethics and the Dilemmas of Foreign Policy