Foreign Organizations Research Articles

Political and Philosophical Analysis of the Interpenetration of Public-Law And Private-Law Spheres of Regulation in the Activities of the Eurasian Economic Union

The research objective of this article is to analyse the interpenetration of private law and public law regulation carried out within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union. It is noted that in the sphere of private law, the EAEU has virtually no powers to unify / harmonise the national legislation of member states, but achieving the goals of building a common (single) market is often impossible without the elimination of private law barriers. This phenomenon is discussed using the example of restrictions on the freedom of establishment (in terms of opening branches of foreign organisations) and digitalisation of public procurement within the EAEU. It is argued that the phenomenon of “privatisation” of state functions, characteristic of the period of so-called globalisation, cannot be a distinctive feature of a multipolar world order. It seems more correct to speak of a close interrelation and interpenetration of private and public legal regulation of social relations.

National Center of Physics and Mathematics – a new form of organization of science

The article deals with the problem of activating fundamental scientific activity in the Russian Federation by combining the efforts of various scientific institutes – institutions of the Academy of Sciences, universities, industry and corporate science within the framework of the National Center for Physics and Mathematics (NCPM). The purpose of the article is to identify institutional features and substantiate promising organizational tasks of the NCFM, the main research methods are institutional, normative, comparative analysis. Institutionally, the NCPM will make it possible to get away from the existing division of science along departmental lines and related problems. It is proved that the use of the organizational “CERN model” in the NCPM will be able to attract a wide range of scientists from various Russian and, in the future, foreign organizations, will help the formation of a collaboration for conducting experiments and research at scientific installations of the “megasience” class. This will make it possible to form and work out a national model of the mobility of scientists. The territorial and personnel aspects of the NCFM are considered, measures are proposed to expand the types of activities, to activate the influx of students and postgraduates for subsequent work in scientific and knowledge-intensive industrial organizations, to reflect the peculiarities of the development of the territory of the NCFM location in strategic documents of various levels. Conclusions are drawn about the positive impact of the activities of the NCPM on socio-economic processes; about new opportunities for diversification of the military-industrial complex associated with the development of fundamental science; about accelerating the formation of a system of technological transfer; contributing to the organization of the system of strategic planning and scientific and technical forecasting in the country

International experience in transformation of the professional development system in the context of digitalization

Problem statement. Modern requirements to the system of professional development all over the world demonstrate the need to use information and digital technologies. The task of generalization of effective approaches to solving key problems significant for the capital's education in the conditions of digitalization is topical. Professional development system in Moscow, which is undergoing transformation in the conditions of digitalization, needs to formulate effective proposals or model solutions based on the analysis of modern international experience in the transformation of the professional development system, which will allow it to retain leading positions in the implementation of quality education at all levels. The aim of the study is to formulate proposals for improving the system of professional development in Moscow based on the results of the analysis of international experience in the transformation of the professional development system in the conditions of digitalization. Methodology. The methods of analysis of scientific publications and materials, analysis and comparison of materials of analytical reports of foreign organizations of different countries describing the practice of implementation of professional development programs were used. To formulate proposals for improving the system of professional development in Moscow, the methods of comparing the results obtained and modeling the situations in which they could be applied were applied. Results . The experience of European and Asian countries was analyzed; the main criterion for their selection was the fact that they occupy leading positions, recorded by such international studies of education quality, as PISA and TALIS, as well as have effective international mechanisms for the implementation of the system of professional development. The results of international experience were summarized and compared with the current state of the capital's professional development system, and a number of practices and approaches, as well as digital technological solutions of high interest for the implementation of an effective transformation process in the context of digitalization were identified. Conclusion . The transformation of qualifications development systems abroad is at the system level with the implementation of different approaches, concepts, strategies or digital tools. The study identified effective international practices on the basis of which proposals for improving the system of professional development in Moscow could be formed.

Theoretical approaches to Media and Information Literacy in Foreign Aid Projects (Model for Central Asian countries)

This article is devoted to the analysis of different theoretical approaches to the field of MIL. It provides theoretical insights and definitions put forward by various experts in the field of ML and MIL. The author analyses the role of these approaches in develop the MIL level of the population, as well as the to increase the effectiveness of grants and projects of foreign donor organizations in Central Asian countries in the field of MIL. Using the main sources concepts, theories and approaches in different books about ML and MIL, manuals of international organizations, such as UNESCO, DW Akademie etc., the materials of the journal publications and archives, the author tries to give his own approaches to develop MIL in Central Asian countries. The article analyzes the sociological surveys that substantiate the results of the projects implemented in the field of MIL by various donor organizations in recent years. It was emphasized that in Central Asian countries, it is necessary to pay attention to regional, political and cultural peculiarities in increasing the level of MIL of the population. Keywords: media literacy (ML), media and information literacy (MIL), theoretical approaches to ML and MIL, protectionism, critical thinking, empowerment approach, foreign aid international MIL projects, implementation, and efficiency.

Effect of Globalization on Management of Small and Medium Enterprises: A Case of Some Selected SMEs in Ghana

The effect of globalization on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has received a lot of attention in international circles in the past few years. One of the reasons for the international focus on SMEs is that these firms make significant contributions to the economies of both developing and developed countries. The theories reviewed were: how globalization affects SMEs positively and negatively and the importance of globalization. The specific objectives of this study were: 
 
 To determine the effect of globalization on small and medium enterprises. 
 To determine the benefit of globalization on the management of SMEs. 
 To access the factors that hinder SMEs' global integration. 
 To identify the barriers to the success of SMEs. 
 
 A descriptive survey design was used. The target population of the study was fifty (50) respondents of the managers and owners of SMEs.
 This study was carried out using interviews and questionnaires. The results show that the effect of globalization on SMEs has made their resources more efficient and effective, creating many investment opportunities, operating globally, and having more global competition. It was found that the benefit also helps the SMEs management upgrade and adapt to new strategies and always find innovative ways of promoting the firm's market. It was found that key challenges include: High competition in the market, especially big/ foreign organizations, and small businesses are still hindered by the lack of technological implementation, lack of managerial experience, capacity and lack of knowledge about the market. Further, it was found that there is also a barrier to the success of SMEs that lack government support, experience with foreign markets, and information about the markets. High cost has made a lot of entrepreneurs not to enter the big market with high growth.

Изучение и публикация наследия Нубийской археологической экспедиции АН СССР. Петроглифы Умм-Агаиба (Хукаб-Карар). Часть 2. Историко-культурный контекст памятника

Introduction. This article is a publication of the first results of the work under the grant of the Russian Sciences Foundation "Scientific research of the Nubian Archaeological Expedition of the USSR Academy of Sciences 1961–1963…" related to the study of petroglyphs found during the work of the Nubian Expedition of the USSR Academy of Sciences, organized in 1961. Materials and methods. After construction of the Aswan dam, the territories where the Soviet expedition worked as well as many other foreign scientific organizations, were flooded. Thus, the negatives of black-and-white photographs of petroglyphs preserved in the archives, along with some previously published data, are the only source of our information. Individual petroglyphs and groups of petroglyphs have never been outlined properly. This became our task at the first stage, when the drawings of individual signs were made in the Photoshop program (Adobe Photoshop CC version 10.1.2 ×64). Results and discussion. In recent decades the study of petroglyphs of the Eastern and Nubian deserts has become one of the main areas of archaeologists’ work. It seems relevant to us to re-study the petroglyphs discovered by the Nubian Soviet expedition, analysis of some subjects and images, development of the main approaches to study. The study of the approaches existing in the scientific literature to the dating and classification of petroglyphs of the Eastern and Nubian deserts gives an idea of the disputable nature of the most chronologies. The study of petroglyphs of Hukab-Karar is complicated by the limitations of the source – the quality of the photo does not always allow us to draw conclusions about the technique of execution of a particular sign. Nevertheless, a number of these petroglyphs can be dated by analogy with the petroglyphs from the well-known sites, as well as using published and handwritten descriptions of the participants of the Nubian expedition. Conclusion. About 200 petroglyphs discovered by the Nubian Expedition of the USSR Academy of Sciences in a place called Umm-Aghaib (Huqab-Karar) have been published. Among them are numerous images of African fauna are presented. There are also images of hunting scenes, animals and birds, boats, tribal signs, anthropomorphic images dating to the widest historical period. @ 2023. This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license

Transcending Space, Time and Culture through Intercultural Musical Dialogue

In recent years, the creative industry in Kenya has seen a rise in consumption of art from other countries. This is due to the influence of global and modern trends on local media and the Kenyan audience. Consequently, various stakeholders in the artistic domain have taken personal initiatives to advocate for the production, performance and airing of local art to promote Kenyan content. They strive to appeal to the public’s taste, create demand for Kenyan art, and influence the media as well as government broadcasting policies. Musicians in Nairobi (Kenya’s capital city) for instance, elevate Kenyan music by collaborating with local and foreign bars, restaurants, government and non-governmental organisations which sponsor musical events and provide platforms for them to exhibit their music, and that of other artists. They also redefine the country’s urban sound by localising genres from other countries, incorporating indigenous styles from Kenyan ethnic groups, and reworking Kenyan oldies. By doing that, they interact with individuals from different generations, cultures, and geographical spaces, traversing musical and cultural boundaries, and acquiring new audiences. Using in-depth interviews, I explore how these musicians and other stakeholders in Nairobi’s music scene, manage to promote and create demand for Kenyan styles both locally and internationally. Additionally, observing performances, and interacting with some of the audience members aid in interrogating urban genres that transcend time and space, linking and appealing to various cultures while gaining new audiences.

Принцип территориального исполнения судебных актов в отношении иностранных физических и юридических лиц

The article reveals the principle of territorial execution of judicial acts against subjects of foreign law on the territory of the Russian Federation. The broad interpretation of the principle is proposed, the special executive legal capacity of foreign citizens and organizations in the territory of the Russian Federation is considered.

Transformation of the principle of VAT neutrality in the digital age

Neutrality has always been a key principle of taxation, on the basis of which the economic and legal structure of value added tax (VAT) was initially formed. At the same time, the establishment of the obligation to register a foreign organization that provides electronic services to Russian consumers actually negates the effect of such a principle. The article deals with problematic issues of legal regulation of obtaining a VAT deduction by a foreign taxpayer provided for under the condition that contradict the VAT structure and put Russian and foreign taxpayer suppliers in an unequal position. Attention is drawn to the actual difficulties of identifying new digital phenomena from the point of view of their attribution to the objects of VAT taxation. It is noted that at present the problem of developing fundamental ideas on how to tax and administer the activities of foreign companies subject to VAT in the new digital realities at the Russian and supranational levels is significant.

On the transparency of the credit reporting system in China

In recent years, credit reporting agencies are under pressure to reform themselves to reach higher levels of transparency. In this context, the critically considered digitally-implemented credit reporting system in China—the Chinese Social Credit System (SCS)—is of particular interest. Compared to traditional credit reporting systems, the SCS has a wider range of goals, including enhancing social control, establishing a state-defined notion of trustworthiness and increasing market efficiency. It covers not only Chinese citizens, companies, and organizations but also foreign ones which have activities in or with China. This paper studies the transparency of the SCS from the perspective of foreign organizations. We conducted interviews with employees from German organizations that are engaged in commercial activities in or with China to understand how transparent the SCS is to them and to gather their perceptions about the role of the system in increasing the transparency of the Chinese business landscape. Our analysis of the interviews showcased an interesting contrast between reservations with respect to the system’s transparency and the belief that the SCS would enhance the transparency of the Chinese business landscape. Drawing on our analysis of the interviews, we discuss factors affecting SCS transparency and the role of the SCS in increasing corporate transparency. We further highlight that there are inherent limits when credit rating systems (such as the SCS) aim to provide transparency about market participants, while pursuing other objectives at the same time.

Polygenic gold mineralization in quartz-pebble formations on the Takyr-Kaljir site of the Southern Altai, East Kazakhstan Region

Purpose. The research purpose is to study the forms of gold occurrence in the Takyr graben alluvial-proluvial deposits in order to develop a low-waste resource-saving processing technology. Methods. At the first stage, in the course of field studies, the geological structure of the site is specified, samples are taken for mineralogical-technological analysis, which includes the following procedures: studying granulometric and mineral composition of detrital material; fractional gravitational beneficiation of the source material; fractional beneficiation of material pre-processed in the autogenous mill (AG mill); studying free (native) and bound gold in beneficiation products, their quantitative assessment. The samples are processed under the three-stage scheme using an autogenous mill for sample preparation. Findings. For the first time, the geological structure of the site has been specified with the identification of the deposits in the Turangi and Tuzkabak suites within its boundaries, as well as granulometric and petrographic composition of gold-bearing deposits, and the specifics of gold bearing. The detrital material, represented by quartz with a sharply subordinate amount of quartzite, quartz diorites and jasperoids, is practically identical in all fractions. Originality. For the first time, various types of gold mineralization have been identified in placer sands: clastogenic, newly-formed hypergene, newly-formed hydrothermal and residual. Fractional beneficiation makes it possible to estimate the gold content in each fraction and gravitational beneficiation products, as well as the ratio of free and bound native gold in different fractions. The largest amount of free native gold has been revealed in fractions of -0.25 + 0.1 mm (60%) and -0.074 + 0.044 mm (~40%). Gold is high-grade (96.5%) with an admixture of silver and iron. Together with gold, ilmenite, zircon, scheelite, native bismuth, as well as barite, galena, sphalerite, and dolomite have been identified. Practical implications. The research results make it possible to reassess the prospects of similar objects, to adjust the scheme and methodology for processing stream-sediment samples, to solve the issues of productive sand processing technology, as well as to improve the efficiency of geological exploration and eliminate the “underestimation” of gold deposits. The results obtained can be recommended for implementation by both domestic and foreign organizations specializing in the exploration and mining of gold deposits.

SWOT Analysis of International Talent Training at Local Colleges and Universities in Guangxi in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative

This research examines the international talent training programs offered by local colleges and institutions in Guangxi under the Belt and Road Initiative. The primary objective is to conduct a comprehensive SWOT analysis, evaluating the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with these programs. The study delves into China's vision for talent development through the Belt and Road Initiative and assesses the effectiveness of Guangxi's colleges and universities in delivering impactful international talent training. A thorough analytical procedure was employed to assess the key aspects of the talent training programs. The investigation identifies the positive aspects, including highly qualified professors with cross-cultural expertise, state-of-the-art facilities, and established collaborations with reputable foreign institutions. Conversely, the study highlights existing challenges, such as limited financial resources, language barriers, and the need to revamp curricula to align with evolving industry demands. The study identifies promising prospects for the talent training programs, including the growing demand for cross-cultural competencies, potential partnerships with foreign organizations, and enhanced regional connectivity facilitated by the Belt and Road Initiative. However, it also uncovers potential risks, such as intense competition from other organizations, geopolitical uncertainties, cultural barriers, and economic instability. This research provides valuable insights for stakeholders in the global talent training arena through a comprehensive SWOT analysis. The findings aid in formulating strategies and policies to enhance the effectiveness and competitiveness of these programs, ensuring their alignment with the evolving needs of the global labor market while fostering cross-cultural competences among students.

Official Secrecy as an Element of Ensuring National Security of Russia

Official secrecy as one of the methods of protecting state-relevant information in connection with significant legislative changes that occurred in connection with the adoption of the Law of the Russian Federation “On State Secrets” in the early 90s of the twentieth century, has passed a difficult path of formation and development in new socio-political conditions. At one time, it was an information resource formed by the state administration bodies of the USSR to protect the most important departmental information that is not related to state secrets. At the same time, the institute of official secrecy represented a unified administrative and legal regime for the protection of such information throughout the state, almost identical to the regime for the protection of state secrets. Since 1993, in connection with the adoption of the Law of the Russian Federation “On State Secrets”, the official secret in the form in which it existed before, actually disappeared. Without any serious grounds, all information previously protected under the heading “secret” was automatically classified as a state secret, which significantly expanded its scope, although the purpose of the adoption of the above-mentioned legislative act was precisely to reduce the volume of information protected in this regime. Since that period, official secrecy has been under conditions of legal uncertainty, which, it seems, did not work towards needs of the State in the real protection of state-significant information. A huge number of different databases containing various information related to the activities of state authorities and state organizations, providing access to their content via the Internet require the formation of a new universal administrative and legal regime that allows effective protection of such information from various illegal actions, including access from foreign states and organizations. The introduction of the category of “official secrets in the field of defense” into legislation in 2021 indicates the increasing importance of this category of information for ensuring the national security of the state. The present work reveals the main problems associated with the legitimization of official secrets at this stage of the development of our state.

Geglückte Reintegration?


 
 
 The process of German musicology’s rapprochement with the international scientific community after 1945 can be traced through the musicological meetings and conferences that took place both inside and outside Germany. The essay evaluates the international participation – of German musicologists internationally and international colleagues at conferences in Germany – as well as the reception of these conferences in Die Musikforschung up to 1950. The key figure behind these developments was Friedrich Blume. Although the statements and reports of the “Gesellschaft für Musikforschung” (GfM) do not indicate any willingness to come to terms with the Nazi past, within a few years foreign organisations were ready to reach out to their German colleagues again.
 
 

Results of the training program for Russian specialists abroad in 2022 and prospects for Russian-Turkish, Russian-Uzbek, Russian-Iranian economic relations

In the article, the authors analyze the results of the training program for Russian specialists abroad in 2022 in the Republic of Turkey, in the Republic of Uzbekistan, in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The purpose of the training program is to create conditions for establishing business contacts between representatives of Russian business with foreign organizations and enterprises. The article presents the results of the training program, as well as the current state of the economy, indicators of trade turnover, ongoing joint projects, prospects and development problems of trade and economic relations between Russia and the countries of training. A practical important aspect for the further development of such programs is the analysis of the goals set by the training participants and the results they have achieved, which represent opportunities for the development of external trade and economic relations of Russia. Further development of the results obtained by the participants of the preparation will allow expanding and improving the trade and economic relations’ efficiency of the Russian Federation.

Countering Terror: Terrorism Laws, Domestic Violence & the Australian Context

Domestic violence is an insidious choice to use fear, force, control, or coercion. It suppresses the capacity and capabilities of its survivors and 2in violent murder and painful death. Yet despite an emerging discourse that describes domestic violence as a form of “domestic”, “intimate” or “everyday” terrorism, there is a distinct lack of scholarly research on the intersection of laws that apply to both types of offending. Further, there is a lack of understanding about the fundamental typologies of counterterror regulation which could be applied to domestically violent offending. This paper seeks to tackle this gap and provoke discussion in the literature by taking a hypothetical approach to treat domestically violent offenders as security risks in the same way as violent extremists and those with connections to foreign terror organisations.

A reflection of Africa's cardiac surgery capacity to manage congenital heart defects: a perspective.

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are birth abnormalities that may drastically alter the structure and functionality of the heart. For 70% of infants with congenital disorders to survive or maintain a better quality of life, surgery is necessary. Over 500000 of the 1.5 million CHD cases reported annually, or 1% of all live births, occur in Africa, according to the WHO. A surmounted 90% of these patients are from Africa, and as a consequence, 300000 infants die annually as a result of poor care or difficulty accessing adequate healthcare. However, the high prevalence of CHDs, precipitated by a plethora of aetiologies worldwide, is particularly pronounced in Africa due to maternal infectious diseases like syphilis and rubella amongst the pregnant populace. In low- and middle-income countries, especially in Africa, where foreign missions and organizations care for the majority of complicated cardiac surgical patients, access to secure and affordable cardiac surgical therapy is a substantial issue. Interventions for CHDs are very expensive in Africa as many of the continent's domiciles possess low expenditures and funding, thereby cannot afford the costs indicated by associated surgical treatments. Access to management and healthcare for CHDs is further hampered by a lack of trained surgical personnel, specialized tools, infrastructure, and diagnostic facilities in Africa.

Extremist organizations and online platforms: a systematic literature review

Strategies of propaganda dissemination by foreign and domestic terrorist organizations have been adapting to the constant growth of technology and social networks. This systematic literature review seeks to analyze a sample of recent studies examining the communication methods and strategies used by violent extremist organizations (VEOs) to communicate online. Articles selected met the following criteria: (1) academic/scholarly journal source; (2) published between 2010 and 2022; (3) U.S.-based if discussing domestic extremism; and (4) included a quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-method study. Using a 12-part coding scheme, 105 articles were coded to address three research questions about the coverage of extremist groups, propaganda dissemination platforms, and relevant theory. The results of this review can be utilized in future research to either duplicate/expand upon findings or explore uncharted territory. Ultimately, more research developing comprehension of the inner workings of extremist organizations paves the way for a more effective counterterrorism strategy.

Task-shifting for point-of-care cervical cancer prevention in low- and middle-income countries: a case study from Uganda.

Cervical cancer remains the leading cause of female cancer deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. This is despite cervical cancer being both preventable and curable if detected early and treated adequately. This paper reports on a series of action-research 'cycles' designed to progressively integrate a comprehensive, task-shifted, point-of-care, prevention program in a community-based public health facility in Uganda. The work has been undertaken through a UK-Ugandan Health Partnership coordinated by Knowledge for Change, a UK-registered Charity. The intervention demonstrates the effectiveness of task-shifting responsibility to Community Health Workers combined with the use of Geographic Information Systems to strategically guide health awareness-raising and the deployment of medical devices supporting respectful and sustainable point-of-care screen-and-treat services. The integration of this with public human immunodeficiency virus services demonstrates the ability to engage hard-to-reach 'key populations' at greatest risk of cervical cancer. The findings also demonstrate the impact of external influences including the Results Based Financing approach, adopted by many foreign Non-Governmental Organizations. The model presents opportunities for policy transfer to other areas of health promotion and prevention with important lessons for international Health partnership engagement. The paper concludes by outlining plans for a subsequent action-research cycle embracing and evaluating the potential of Artificial Intelligence to enhance service efficacy.

Preface: 5th International Conference on Mechanical Automation and Materials Engineering (MAME 2023)

The 2023 5th International Conference on Mechanical Automation and Materials Engineering (MAME 2023) was successfully held from 10th to 11th of June, 2023 in Hohhot, China. This conference provides a forum for scholars, researchers, postgraduate students, and practitioners in the fields of mechanical engineering, automation, control technology, materials engineering, and manufacturing engineering to share ideas, designs, and experiments. Welcome participation from academia, industry and government.
 The conference agenda will work as a competence platform, providing facilities for efficient communication to boost the mechanical science and materials engineering knowledge of young scientists and help them in their professional development. Young scientists will be given a unique chance not only to improve their presentation skills and public speaking abilities but to gain an experience of scientific publication.
 The importance of MAME 2023 lies in the need to create conditions for the recognition growth of young scientists in world scientific circles and increase in interest in their work, increase in the level of scientific publications of students, postgraduate students and young scientists, and increase in their quality. The exchange of experience in the field of professional interests with colleagues from foreign and scientific organizations will improve the qualifications of researchers and establish promising scientific contacts among young scientists.
 Scientific Committee of MAME Conference
 Hohhot, China