Inclusion Of Foreign Languages Research Articles

Протекционистская языковая политика в Министерстве обороны Российской федераци

The article substantiates the role of protectionist language policy in the light of modern problems of language safety and the need to preserve and maintain the Russian language as the state language. It is proposed to generalize positive experiences. As a part of this task, a set of measures is considered to maintain and use the Russian language, functioning as the state language, applied in the central apparatus of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The Regulations of the Russian Ministry of Defense, the Instructions for office work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, methodological manuals for the preparation of documentation have been studied, and the everyday practice of submitting documents and the organizational component of the army language policy have been examined. The presence (and the compliance) of strict requirements for the normative use of the Russian language, the functioning and consistency and stability of terminology, the practice of documentation and genre features of texts, the difficulties of the Russian language, stable phrases and abbreviations has been established. The wording of the rules is concise and accompanied by detailed examples of their use. Particularly noted is the extremely significant resistance to translingualism (and, in fact, to pidginization) in the context of the globalization reduction of languages. Opposition to pidginization is expressed by a ban on foreign language inclusions in texts, a negligible number of borrowings, and the almost exclusive use of the Cyrillic alphabet. A conclusion is drawn about the positive role of the Ministry of Defense in preserving and maintaining the Russian language, functioning as a state language.The article substantiates the role of protectionist language policy in the light of modern problems of language safety and the need to preserve and maintain the Russian language as the state language. It is proposed to generalize positive experiences. As a part of this task, a set of measures is considered to maintain and use the Russian language, functioning as the state language, applied in the central apparatus of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The Regulations of the Russian Ministry of Defense, the Instructions for office work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, methodological manuals for the preparation of documentation have been studied, and the everyday practice of submitting documents and the organizational component of the army language policy have been examined. The presence (and the compliance) of strict requirements for the normative use of the Russian language, the functioning and consistency and stability of terminology, the practice of documentation and genre features of texts, the difficulties of the Russian language, stable phrases and abbreviations has been established. The wording of the rules is concise and accompanied by detailed examples of their use. Particularly noted is the extremely significant resistance to translingualism (and, in fact, to pidginization) in the context of the globalization reduction of languages. Opposition to pidginization is expressed by a ban on foreign language inclusions in texts, a negligible number of borrowings, and the almost exclusive use of the Cyrillic alphabet. A conclusion is drawn about the positive role of the Ministry of Defense in preserving and maintaining the Russian language, functioning as a state language.

Трансъязычные и мультиязычные коммуникативные практики идеализированного мультилингва (на материале русского перевода первой главы романа У. Эко «Баудолино»)

Introduction. Currently, the scientific and practical concept of translanguaging is gaining influence. It can be considered as an attempt to generalize previous terminological sets and theoretical developments regarding the multilingual people’s communicative practices of mixing several languages when generating oral or written speech. Such practices, primarily in the form of translanguaging, but also in the form of multilanguaging, are studied mainly in relation to mastering nonnative and foreign languages in the educational process. At the same time, there is both the experience and opportunities to expand this coverage to literary and artistic works. Materials and Methods. The research material, the first chapter of U. Eco’s novel “Baudolino”, has its own specificity. It is a text written in an unconventional form on behalf of a multilingual who is endowed, according to the author’s plan, with the ability to immediately master any language. This text thus becomes a sample of direct speech of an idealized multilingual person that could correlate with translingual and multilingual speech of real individuals. For the needs of the research, quasisyntactic units (phrases) in which translanguaging and multilanguaging communicative practices are implemented were singled out from the text of the chapter, and their analysis was carried out on a number of grounds, such as a lexico-grammatical class, a lexico-semantic category and a communicative situation. Analysis. According to the data obtained, the dominant form of mixing languages in the text is translanguaging. Foreign language inclusions predominantly play the role of a noun or represent a phraseological unit. They are used in most cases as names of persons or evaluative words, actualized in communicative situations of retelling the speech of native speakers of another language, describing notions of a different reality, addressing a native speaker of a different language, and following a speech or text pattern. Results. The results of the analysis of translanguaging and multilanguaging communicative practices of an idealized multilingual person correlate with results of previous studies of the same practices of real individuals, similarities and differences between the practices are determined.

Заимствования и кодовые переключения в башкирском языке (на примере караидельского говора)

Introduction. In contact linguistics, the problem of differentiating between code switches and loanwords is relevant enough, which arises from that there are no unified research approaches thereto, and consequently nor there any precise definitions for the phenomena and classification criteria. The difficulties in distinguishing between the two linguistic processes result from that in intensive language contacts they tend to gain more similarities in terms of phonology, morphology and syntax — rather than differences. Some scholars argue that code-switching is the first stage in the development of a token in a matrix language, i.e. the lexemes had been code switches before they became ‘nuclear’ borrowings. The process of switching codes in speech is associated with the phenomenon of mass bilingualism. Goals. The problem of code-switching is understudied in Bashkir linguistics, and the paper attempts to distinguish the former from borrowings in the context of Bashkir-Russian bilingualism. Materials and methods. The study analyzes transcribed recordings of colloquial Bashkir (from speakers of Karaidel, a dialect of northwestern Bashkir) obtained during the author’s expeditions of 2022 and 2023. When it comes to describe code-switching, the workr employs Myers-Scotton’s Matrix Language Frame model. The article deals with intraphrasal switches in the form of inclusions and insular switches within one sentence. Results. The study identifies some difficulties of distinguishing between borrowings and code switches. According to G. Chirsheva, borrowings are divided into cultural and occasional (nuclear) ones. The latter are essentially and functionally close to code switches. K. Myers-Scotton presumes their main differences can be reduced to that code switches are used in individual cases (or no more than three times) and are not included in the mental lexicon of the matrix language. Therefore, barbarisms, such as еще / ищо, уже / ужы, вис, сәпсим, etc., which are often used in the speech of bilingual Bashkirs, must be referred to as occasional / nuclear borrowings (according to G. Chirsheva), while individual foreign-language inclusions be considered code switches.

“We Post and Post, and Others Will Come to Like Us...”, or Translingual Practices in B. Anfinogenov’s Poetry

The article deals with the study of translingual practices in the works by the Udmurt poet B.V. Anfinogenov. The interest to the questions of transcultural literature is due to the importance of research in cultural diversity of multilingual regions of Russia. The methodological basis of the article is the linguistic analysis of a literary text, synthesis-generalization of the achievements of modern literary criticism, structural analysis of a poetic text, etc. The collection of poetic texts by B. Anfinogenov “Dz’ikya Promo” (2023) is used as the material for analysis. Based on the analysis, the peculiarities of translingual practices representation in the works by B. Anfinogenov are revealed, extra-textual (ethnic and cultural self-identification of the author, themes, foreign language inclusions) and intra-textual (hybrid cultural canons and codes) levels of representation of translingualism are outlined. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the role of graphic determination as well as the use of interlanguage homophony and intertextuality in transcultural literature.

Транслингвизм как повседневная практика (на материале русско-татарско-удмуртского многоязычия)

The paper is devoted to the study of spontaneous speech of polylinguals in situations of everyday communication in the setting of Russian-Tatar-Udmurt multilingualism based on the speech material of the native speakers of the Udmurt language in the village of Staraya Ucha in the Kukmorsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. The aim of the research is to identify the features peculiar to the manifestation of translanguaging as a daily practice in the setting of interaction between Russian, Tatar and Udmurt. The scientific novelty lies in describing the strategies of the matrix (Udmurt) language and guest (Russian and Tatar) languages functioning in everyday communication practice; identifying the features of translanguaging as an everyday language practice. The research findings showed that the phenomenon of translanguaging in the speech of the native speakers of the Udmurt language on the territory of the Kukmorsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan is conditioned by extra- and intralinguistic factors. From the perspective of semantics, the foreign-language inclusions found in the speech of the native speakers of the Udmurt language tend to be names of specific objects, realities reflecting the peculiarities of Tatar material culture or intangible culture. The Russian inclusions in most cases are represented by adverbial forms, numerals, set expressions. The matrix Udmurt language is used usually in the predicative part of the sentence.

Polylingual Literary Text: Estrangement and Translation

The research is focused on a polylingual literary text and, above all, on its typological and functional parameters. The use of foreign language inclusions and insets creates the estranging effect (In V. Shklovsky’s understanding) and removes the automatism of the reader’s perception of the text information. Special attention is paid to the translation aspect of a polylingual text existence in the multicultural space of the modern world. The issues of the allocation of translation units, as well as the boundaries of translatability and the main reasons of polylingual creative works untranslatability are considered. The hypothesis is put forward that the preservation of the estranging effect resulting from the use of foreign language inclusions and insets in the original text suggests the use of a special estranging strategy by a translator, which, along with the well-known strategies of foreignization and domestication proposed by L. Venuti, can complement the paradigm of culturally-oriented strategies of literary translation.

Особенности употребления иноязычных вкраплений в «Скорбном листе душевнобольных яснополянского госпиталя» Л.Н. Толстого

The article is devoted to the study of L.N. Tolstoy’s multilingualism on the basis of unexplored from a scientific point of view “Mournful list…” The author of the article focuses on the peculiarities of the use, the meaning and the functions of foreign language inclusions in this work by Tolstoy. The article analyzes word formation, including the combination of different languages in phrases or words. In this regard, problems arise in identifying languages in foreign inclusions and choosing a translation based on authentic grammatical forms. The author of the article proposes possible solutions in each case. The appeal to manuscripts and various publications of the “Mournful list…” contribute to the restoration of the original spelling of some foreign language inclusions and the definition of the meaning nearest to the author’s intention. The research also appeals to the diaries of the writer and the memoirs of his family members. The ideological content of the “Mournful list…” is interconnected with the works of L.N. Tolstoy of the 1880s, which are identical in theme and problematic. Thus, the paper clearly shows the value of the “Mournful list…” not only for the biography, but also for the work of L.N. Tolstoy.

Способы кодирования иноязычных вкраплений в романе Л. Н. Толстого «Война и мир» и его переводах на немецкий язык

Способы кодирования иноязычных вкраплений в романе Л. Н. Толстого «Война и мир» и его переводах на немецкий язык

FEATURES OF THE ANNOUNCEMENT AS A SPEECH GENRE OF INTERNET DISCOURSE

The article considers the speech genre of the announcement as a manifestation of the category of information in the discourse of social networks. The announcements of music groups are analyzed and the linguistic means of influence in the announcements are proved. The main groups of language means are distinguished: graphic, lexical-semantic and stylistic. The main graphic means of language influence in the announcement are abbreviations, numerals and foreign language inclusions. Of the lexical and semantic means of influence, the most widely presented in the news announcement are emotionally expressive vocabulary and one's own name. Syntactic features are due to the journalistic style of speech: mostly simple sentences are used. It is substantiated that multimedia is a characteristic feature of Internet communication, which provides polycoding of electronic announcements – the ability to transmit information not only through verbal text, but also with the use of nonverbal means.

Borrowing as a way of enrichment of the tourism terminology in the Russian language

The article deals with the problems of vocabulary enrichment with foreign vocabulary. Borrowings, on the one hand, are the source of enrichment of the vocabulary of the language, and on the other hand, they are an integral part of the terminology system in many areas of knowledge. The main donor languages in Russian and English languages were analyzed. Intra-linguistic and extralinguistic reasons and factors of borrowing were identified. The analysis of the terminological systems of the tourism sphere of the English and Russian languages showed that borrowings in both languages can be divided into three classes: borrowings proper (direct borrowings), calques (indirect borrowings) and hybrid formations. The analysis of foreign language inclusions in the terminology of tourism in Russian was carried out. Based on the classification of scientists, subgroups of foreign language inclusions in the Russian terminology of the tourism sector were identified from the corpus of the analyzed units. The analysis showed that most borrowings of the tourism term system go through two stages of adaptation to the Russian language system: “entering” the receiving language (phonetic and graphic level) and the actual development of the borrowed term by the receiving language (semantic level).

Прием перифраза как маркер поиска идентичности в современных словацких художественных произведениях

Modern Slovak literature is nationally oriented. One of the frequent issues in the works of Slovak authors is the search for national identity. This issue is considered by writers explicitly, for example, in the story by Pavel Vilikovský “Všetko, čo viem o stredoeurópanstve” (1996, “Everything I know about Central Europeanism”), in the story by Michal Hvorecký “Profesionálny Stredoeurópan” (2004, “Professional Central European”); and implicitly, for example, in the novels of Peter Krishtufek “Šepkár” (2008, “The Prompter”), “Dom hluchého” (2012, “The House of the Deaf Man”), in the novels of Irena Brezhna “Na slepačích krídlach” (2007, “The Best of the Worlds”), “Nevďačná cudzinka” (2012, “The Thankless Stranger”), etc. These works contain various kinds of linguistic markers that express the author's position. These can be realia lexemes, foreign language inclusions, non-literary vocabulary, etc. The paper examines one of the elements that unite all the above-mentioned works — namely, the method of сircumlocution. Describing the situation in Slovakia, the authors in the above fiction works do not name their country, cities, people and language directly, instead giving only their descriptive designation. This technique can be viewed as a linguistic marker of the search for national identity.

Вербальная репрезентация иноязычной культуры в художественном дискурсе

The active development of intercultural relations in the world could not but affect the literature world and artistic discourse in particular. The article examines the current possibilities and potential of artistic discourse as a space for the transmission of a foreign language culture. We have identified the main compo nents that contribute to it: stylistic devices, foreign language inclusions, toponyms and anthroponyms. In addition, the concept of artistic discourse has been studied. To illustrate our position, the original version of the novel by American writer Donna Tartt “The Goldfinch” was considered from the poition of the representation of Russian-language culture in it. It was found that through these means, the author can recreate the generally accepted picture of the desired culture or create their own variation of this culture.

Возможности лингвистического анализа иноязычных вкраплений польского происхождения в лексике русского языка

The article is devoted to the problem of foreign language inclusions of Polish origin in the vocabulary of the Russian language. The main attention is paid to three linguistic analyzes (etymological, semantic and stylistic), which are presented on the basis of the created database of language data. Etymological analysis examines the inclusions of Polish origin according to their belonging to the Polish language as a source or intermediate language, semantic analysis pays attention to the distribution of Polish-language inclusions according to lexical and semantic groups, stylistic analysis classifies the inclusions of Polish origin according to their speech style.

The Pragmatics of Cultural Codes in Literary text

The article discusses the pragmatic specificity of the cultural codes’ representatives in the literary text containing foreign language inclusions. Pragmatic approach in history and criticism of literature allows to identify the features of the decoding copyright process, their impact on the reader, as well as describe various language products and methods for coding literary communication as a whole. Ethnic identification, equated, including in person axiology, dictates the search for deep patterns in texts containing foreign language inclusions. The complex nature of such literary text is determined primarily by the fact that such text manifests assimilation aspects of the literary personality of cultural codes of other national affiliation. The consequence of the use of such lexical components is the actualization of markers of lingvoculture and deepening the pragmatic potential of the literary text. The relevance of the article is determined by the need to establish the status of cultural codes in the organization of the semantic space of literary text, in the transmission of cultural meanings, meaningful both in the individually-copyright picture of the world and in the functioning of the collective consciousness of the nation. The purpose of the article is to determine the pragmatic specificity of cultural codes in the literary text, influencing the receptive-interpretative activity of the reader, on the example of the implementation of foreign language inclusions as markers of cultural codes in the essay “Caucasian” (1841) and the fairy tale “Ashik-Kerib” (1837) by M.Yu. Lermontov. As a carrier of the world national painting, the author of the literary text, in the event of a certain literary plan, is able to use the means of two languages, and the individual-author’s picture of the world of such a literary personality is characterized by the dynamism determined by the representation of linguistic components, which also include foreign language inclusions (orequivalent vocabulary (realities, exotic, ethnographs)). The literary text, which presents other-speaking inclusions, specially reflects the historical, socio-political, cultural and ethical being of the ethnos, which ultimately determines the author’s desire to expand the aesthetic opportunities of cultural codes marked in a special way in such a text.

FOREIGN LANGUAGE INCLUSIONS IN MODERN LITERARY TEXT (on the example of English language)

This article deals with one of the urgent problems in modern linguistics, i.e. the functioning of foreign words in the space of a literary text. It is shown that foreign inclusions in a modern literary text possess a high functional status and often take part in the realization of various interpretative techniques.

Functionality of foreign-language inclusions in Russian-language texts (on the material of modern media)

The subject of this research is the approaches towards studying inclusions as a part of foreign-language technical terminology. This article is dedicated to examination of the problem of functionality of foreign language inclusions of English origin at the current stage of development of the Russian language. The texts from scientific and technical journals, automotive and aviation journals, and other periodicals served as the material for this research. The author considers the questions associated with graphical and functional adaptation of foreign-language terminological lexicon. Based on the available in linguistics classifications, the groups of foreign-language technical inclusions are determined according to the graphic arrangement in the texts and degree of assimilation. The acquired results can be used in compiling terminological dictionaries and teaching general linguistics. The novelty of this work consists in systematization, generalization, and analysis of the ways of functionality of technical foreign-language inclusions in modern Russian language and industry periodicals, namely on the example of aviation and automotive terminology. The conclusion is made that foreign-language technical terminology preserves the semantics of foreign-language inclusions in the recipient language, as well as heterogeneity of their arrangement. The increase of foreign-language inclusions in the scientific and technical literature is substantiated by the requirements specified for the terms: linguistic economy, systematicity. The frequency of functionality of foreign-language inclusions in the scientific and technical literature emphasizes the relevance of the selected topic.

THE LINGUISTIC PICTURE OF THE WORLD BY V.G. KOROLENKO (BASED ON THE WRITER’S STORIES)

The research deals with the concept of «world view». The subject matter of this paper is the Russian language picture of the world presented in the V. G. Korolenko’s stories, or more specifically, the study investigates basic peculiarities of the language picture of the world in two stories by V. G. Korolenko, the «Makar’s Dream» and «Without a Language». The article studies the linguistic worldview of the V. G. Korolenko in the context of the evident changing the realities, which are described in his stories. The author shows how the writer’s worldview changed influenced by the political, historic and cultural events of those days.He shows the Siberian land with its vast expanses, fierce winter, its own unique traditions and laws in the short story «Makar’s Dream». We can clearly see and feel this picture of the world thought the language prism, particularly in its bilingualism, in the lifestyle description, customs, characters of the heroes, etc.Another story «Without a Language» offers us an invaluable opportunity to compare Russian and American language picture of the world. The first one was shown by V. G. Korolenko as the homeland with its well-established, traditional way of life and old religion. And at the same time, the author has depicted America with its specific features, which differs from the Russian language picture of the world. According to his point of view, an American language picture of the world has a range of characteristic that differentiates it from the Russian. It has freedom, civilization, faith, and morals. V. G. Korolenko has skillfully used dialogues, descriptions, analyzes of the main characters, the Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism, foreign language inclusions in Russian speech, etc. In addition to this, some typical structures for both languages were found out which show national identity.It has been appealed to special linguistic methods and techniques, including the comparative historical method for comparing the facts of the modern language and the language of V. G. Korolenko, as well as the comparative method for comparing the Russian, Ukrainian, Yakut and English languages.The paper concludes that language is an integral part of the culture of the people, its basic tool of communication and socialization. It must be noted, that the culture is verbalized in the language. Each language is a unique code, which contains culturally marked information.This study proves the idea of the unbreakable link between language and culture. This is, in our opinion, the main value of the given research.

URBAN LINGUISTICS IN UKRAINE: ATTAINMENTS AND PROSPECTS OF RESEARCHES

The article summarizes the achievements of domestic linguistics in the study of urban speaking. The problems of researching nationally determined urban forms of language communication are outlined. It is emphasized that the analysis of the city language life makes it possible to determine the patterns inherent in the speech behavior of all citizens (universal) and those that are inherent in the language behavior of inhabitants from a particular city that is studied (specific). The issues of functioning urbanolects, urban koine, as well as advertising, street announcements, graffiti as elements of the city language landscape are considered. The “dictionary” of each city contains everyday vocabulary, professional jargon, argot, slang, foreign language inclusions, urbanonims – the official names of urban objects and their colloquial names. The polemic over the use of the term “prostorichchia” to describe the Ukrainian linguistic space realities is highlighted. The need for a comprehensive study of nationally determined urban forms of communication in domestic linguistics is substantiated. Thus, the most urgent task of such studies is to create a database of speech material taking into account regional specifics to identify the following structural elements: “Language of a big city”, “Language of a small town”, “Language of the district center”, “Language of the village” etc. For this purpose, it is extremely important to collect material for oral textbooks. It is emphasized that the speech peculiarities of representatives from different social groups and the level of language proficiency can be studied in groups of respondents with identical sets of ethnolinguistic, gender, professional and other social characteristics using such classical sociolinguistic methods as observation, oral interview, testing, questionnaires, and analysis of written sources. Urban linguistic research should take into account statistical, demographic data and facts of society’s political life. It is concluded that the urgent task for Ukrainian linguistics is to develop general principles of human settlements’ linguistic typology.

The newspaper “Babochka” (1829–1832) as a linguistic source

The article deals with the newspaper “Babochka” as an important source for philological research, which objectively reflects the linguistic processes of its time. Translated articles selected from leading periodicals in Europe and America, creatively revised by the authors, included the Russian reader in the world media space. A differential approach is used in the article that focuses primarily on the dynamic elements of the lexical and semantic system. The newspaper presents the innovations of the early 19th century, including borrowings, foreign language inclusions, complex adjectives formed in Russian, and dialect words. As a result of the analysis of the source, the emergence of new meanings for words already in use was noted, the dating of a number of new lexemes was clarified, and contexts for their semantization were identified. The work concludes that the rare words and rare word usage recorded in the texts of the newspaper “Babochka” can be considered as valuable materials for historical lexicology.

Understanding The Text With Foreign Language Inclusions: The Issue Of Communication Strategies (Based On The Novel "Duhless" By S.Minaev)

Understanding The Text With Foreign Language Inclusions: The Issue Of Communication Strategies (Based On The Novel "Duhless" By S.Minaev)