Foreign Gas Research Articles

Reference Significance of Foreign Offshore Oil and Gas Cooperation Model Experience to China

For a long time, the oil exploration and development business of Chinese oil enterprises is mostly limited to China, and the international cooperation of transnational oil and gas started late. Therefore, compared with foreign companies, there is still a big gap in understanding the business model of overseas oil and gas industry. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize and learn from the past business model. This paper summarizes the main modes of offshore oil and gas cooperation among global oil companies, compares various modes, and studies the cooperative development mode of offshore oil and gas resources. The research shows that under the lease contract mode, foreign oil companies have greater management rights, but with the continuous development of international oil industry, the government of resource countries has gradually increased its control over foreign oil companies.

Oil exploration and discovery in the basement rocks of Bach Ho field: Documentation, facts and lessons

During the 40 years of operation and development (1981 - 2021), the Vietnam - Russia Joint Venture "Vietsovpetro" has witnessed many historical milestones, but the discovery of industrial oil for the first time from the fractured and weathered granite basement at exploration well BH-6 on 11 May 1987 is the most important one.
 From the first oil in the basement rock of Bach Ho field, Vietsovpetro consecutively discovered industrial oil in other fields in its area of operation, such as Dong Bac Rong (1991), Dong Nam Rong (1995), Nam Rong (2005), Nam Trung Tam Rong (2006), etc. At the beginning of 2018, the 2P (P1+P2) oil reserve from the basement rock accounted for 74% of Vietsovpetro's total balanced reserves at that time. As of 1 October 2021, the total oil produced from the basement reached 235 million m3 (195 million tons), accounting for 86% of Vietsovpetro's total oil output.
 Being encouraged by the success and experience of Vietsovpetro, other domestic and foreign oil and gas companies (PVEP, JVPC, Talisman, and Petronas, etc.) have explored and discovered oil and gas from the granite basement and put the fields of Rang Dong, Su Tu Den, Hong Ngoc, and Hai Su Den, etc. into operation. This fact has, at the same time, created a strong attraction for domestic and foreign investors, making important contributions to the rapid development of Vietnam's oil and gas industry which was still very young at the time.
 The above-mentioned shows that it is time to study data and documents, draw lessons from success and failure gained during the 40 years of basement exploration. The outcomes should be used as a basis to formulate an appropriate exploration strategy for Vietsovpetro in the coming decades with strong fluctuations in the oil and gas market expected, and the inevitable depletion of non-renewable resources worldwide.

Influence of Coolant Density on Turbine Blade Tip Film Cooling at Transonic Cascade Flow Conditions Using the Pressure-Sensitive Paint Technique

Abstract This work is an experimental study of film cooling effectiveness on a blade tip in a stationary, linear cascade. The cascade is mounted in a blowdown facility with controlled inlet and exit Mach numbers of 0.29 and 0.75, respectively. The freestream turbulence intensity is measured to be 13.5% upstream of the blade’s leading edge. A flat tip design is studied, having a tip gap of 1.6%. The blade tip is designed to have 15 shaped film cooling holes along the near-tip pressure side (PS) surface. Fifteen vertical film cooling holes are placed on the tip near the pressure side. The cooling holes are divided into a two-zone plenum to locally maintain the desired blowing ratios based on the external pressure field. Two coolant injection scenarios are considered by injecting coolant through the tip holes only and both tip and PS surface holes together. The blowing ratio (M) and density ratio (DR) effects are studied by testing at blowing ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 and three density ratios of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0. Three different foreign gases are used to create density ratio effect. Over-tip flow leakage is also studied by measuring the static pressure distributions on the blade tip using the pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) measurement technique. In addition, detailed film cooling effectiveness is acquired to quantify the parametric effect of blowing ratio and density ratio on a plane tip design. Increasing the blowing ratio and density ratio resulted in increased film cooling effectiveness at all injection scenarios. Injecting coolant on the PS and the tip surface also resulted in reduced leakage over the tip. The conclusions from this study will provide the gas turbine designer with additional insight on controlling different parameters and strategically placing the holes during the design process.

GIÁO DỤC TRẺ KHUYẾT TẬT ỨNG PHÓ VỚI BIẾN ĐỔI KHÍ HẬU VÀ Ô NHIỄM KHÔNG KHÍ

This article presents the most basic issues about climate change, air pollution and its negative impacts on human life, including children with disabilities. Climate change is a change of climate and of related components including oceans, land, Earth's surface, and the glacial atmosphere, such as increasing temperature, melting ice, and rising sea levels... Air pollution is a negative change of components in the air mainly due to smoke, dust, foreign gases, causing odors, reducing visibility, causing climate change and diseases for humans and animals. life and the natural environment. Climate change and air pollution are both the causes of disability, exacerbating disability levels and hindering society from supporting and helping people with disabilities in general and children with disabilities in particular. On the basis of research results, we propose educational measures to help children with disabilities cope with the impacts of climate change and air pollution. That is: - Educating children to practice to improve their health and maintain personal hygiene; - Educating children on environmental protection; - Educating children to recognize the risk signs of climate change and air pollution to prevent them; - Educating children how to ask for help when needed; - Educating children to know how to protect themselves against the impacts of climate change and air pollution.

STRATEGI BISNIS PT XYZ PADA INDUSTRI FUEL RETAIL DI DKI JAKARTA DAN BANTEN

PT XYZ is a company engaged in the retail business of Pertamina's products. PT XYZ needs to have the right alternative strategy to respond the slowdown in fuel sales growth and the growth of foreign gas stations in DKI Jakarta & Banten fuel retail industry. This research aims to analyze internal and external factors that affect the business of PT XYZ and develop appropriate business strategies for PT XYZ. Some of the analytical tools used in this research are VRIO analysis, Porter's Five Forces, PESTEL, Internal-External matrix, and SWOT analysis. The method of collecting data is carried out through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and literature studies. Interviewees in this study consisted of internal parties that government policies in PT XYZ and external parties, namely the BPH Migas committee. Based on the results of the identification of the internal and external environment, there are several internal factors consisting of 7 strengths and 5 weaknesses of the company, as well as strategic external factors consisting of 4 opportunities and 4 threats that affect the business of PT XYZ. PT XYZ is in quadrant V in the IE matrix, so that there are 9 alternative strategies that can be applied to PT XYZ's business, consisting of 6 product development strategies and 3 market penetration strategies. Keywords: alternative strategy, PESTEL, Porter’s Five Forces, SWOT, VRIO

Analysis of a transpiration cooled LOX/CH[formula omitted] rocket thrust chamber

Transpiration cooling has been theoretically identified as a more efficient thermal protection system, compared to regenerative and film cooling techniques. The availability of porous light-weight high-temperature materials, such as ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), is making transpiration cooling an attractive solution for use in future re-usable rocket thrust chambers for cheaper access to space. In this study, a numerical framework, utilizing the industry standard computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code ANSYS CFX, for the simulation of transpiration cooled rocket thrust chambers is presented. The framework is shown to be suitable for predicting the performance, both in-terms of thermal protection and thrust produced, of thrust chambers that utilise transpiration cooling systems. A liquid oxygen (LOX) and methane (CH4) oxidiser and fuel combination is used, although the method is not limited to these substances. Foreign gas transpiration is modelled by a multi-component model. Different porous liner geometries and reservoir conditions are studied to demonstrate their effect on the performance of the thrust chamber. The numerical framework was developed to design a sub-scale transpiration cooled rocket thrust chamber ground test.

Deep learning based rapid calculation approach for gas radiation characteristics considering foreign gas collision broadening

The line-by-line method(LBL) is the most accurate radiation calculation method, but it is difficult to practically apply due to its complicated and time-consuming calculation process. The heterogeneous particle collision broadening of foreign gas must be considered under mixed gas conditions. Simply replacing with air broadening will bring unexpected errors. A rapid radiation calculation method based on back-propagation neural network (BPNN) is proposed in this paper. This method fully considers the influence of foreign gas under mixed gas conditions. It has the advantages of high calculation efficiency, accuracy equivalent to the line-by-line method, and small storage space required. In this paper, the calculation of the radiation characteristics of a mixture of CO2, H2O, and air near 2.7 μm is studied as an example. Three methods of LBL, BPNN, and LBL which use air broadening instead of specific gas broadening (LBL(A)) are compared. The results show that LBL(A) has an obvious error under some conditions. Meanwhile, BPNN can be 3 orders of magnitude faster than LBL with relative error less than 0.2%, and the storage space is only about 6 M.

Передовые практики нефтегазовых компаний по освоению газовых месторождений на арктическом шельфе

The development of the hydrocarbon potential of the Arctic shelf is one of the priority tasks for Russia, forming the conditions for its strategic presence in the region. Russia's official energy documents stipulate the need to increase oil and gas production in the Arctic, including offshore production, to ensure the stable operation of the country's oil and gas complex in the long term. However, the development of hydrocarbon fields on the Arctic shelf is a serious technological challenge for the domestic oil and gas in-dustry. While offshore oil production in the Russian Arctic is already underway, natural gas production remains a promising future target. The article analyses the current gas projects on the Arctic shelf in terms of their technological complexity and unique solutions, and the strategies of operators to attract foreign participants to the project. We consider these in the contexts of technological issues, organizational features, securing foreign investment. The author believes that the provisions and conclusions of this study will help add to the comprehensive picture of the foreign oil and gas companies experience engaged in natural gas production on the Arctic shelf, which will minimise the errors and risks in the development of hydrocarbon resources on the Russian Arctic seas shelf.

Determination of the Metastable Zone Width and Nucleation Parameters of Succinic Acid for Electrochemically Induced Crystallization

Electrified downstream processes for biotechnologically produced carboxylic acids reduce waste salt generation significantly and make biotechnological production ecologically and economically more attractive. In order to design, optimize, scale-up and control electrochemically induced crystallization processes, knowledge of the metastable zone width (MSZW) is essential. An optical observation approach of nucleation processes close to the electrode and determination of the MSZW is presented. This work presents a method for MSZW measurements for electrochemically induced pH-shift crystallization processes by monitoring the nucleation, the saturation pH value and saturation concentration for different current densities. The measured MSZWs for electrochemically induced pH-shift crystallization are narrow due to the foreign surface, gas bubbles and electrode surface, and rising current densities lead to even smaller MSZW. Nucleation parameters are estimated from MSWZ data, adapting the classical approach of Nývlt to electrochemically induced crystallization.

Iranian Risk-Oriented Service Contracts as a Mechanism for Attracting Investments in the Oil and Gas Sector

The article contains an overview of the mechanisms for attracting production and technological investments of transnational companies in the development of hydrocarbon deposits and a detailed analysis of the national experience of the Islamic Republic of Iran in this area. The results of the analysis of the evolutionary development of four generations of Iranian service contracts showed that the mechanism developed by the Iranian government made it possible to restore oil production in the country to the peak levels of the 70s of the last century and at the same time to ensure the protection of national interests from the withdrawal of excess income by investors. It is argued that in the near future, the Russian hydrocarbon industry will continue to develop new projects together with foreign oil and gas companies. During the research, analytical and graphical methods of comparison and generalization were used. The need for further in-depth study of the Iranian experience in the development of the hydrocarbon sector and its application in the oil and gas sector of the Russian Federation, taking into account the structural features, has been proved. The study may be of interest to specialists from federal authorities with the aim of developing the Russian energy sector and ensuring the protection of national interests.

History of development of technologies for the development of foreign oil and gas fields

History of development of technologies for the development of foreign oil and gas fields

An algorithm for automatically generating gas, bone and foreign body visualizations from postmortem computed tomography data

Post mortem computed tomography (PMCT) can aid in localizing foreign bodies, bone fractures, and gas accumulations. The visualization of these findings play an important role in the communication of radiological findings. In this article, we present an algorithm for automated visualization of gas distributions on PMCT image data of the thorax and abdomen. The algorithm uses a combination of region growing segmentation and layering of different visualization methods to automatically generate overview images that depict radiopaque foreign bodies, bones and gas distributions in one image. The presented method was tested on 955 PMCT scans of the thorax and abdomen. The algorithm managed to generate useful images for all cases, visualizing foreign bodies as well as gas distribution. The most interesting cases are presented in this article. While this type of visualization cannot replace a real radiological analysis of the image data, it can provide a quick overview for briefings and image reports.

Уширение и сдвиг линий основной колебательно-вращательной полосы молекул фтористого водорода молекулами SF-=SUB=-6-=/SUB=- и H-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-

Foreign gas broadening and shift of the vibration-rotation lines in the fundamental band of hydrogen fluoride have been investigated. Using mathematical modeling of measuring the absorption of radiation of an electric discharge HF laser, the possibility of correct calculations of both broadening and shift of HF lines by foreign gases were determined. Measurements for two foreign gases (Ar and N2 for which there are literature data) were made in order to test this approach. The obtained results have been well matched with existing literature data. After that, measurements were carried out on two transitions P(7) and P(8) for SF6 (for which neither broadening nor the shift are known) and for H2 (only broadening is known for overtone band). The obtained results were compared with scarce literature data.

ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЕ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВО НЕФТЕГАЗОВЫХ КОМПАНИЙ РФ И ВЬЕТНАМА. ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ И ВЫЗОВЫ

The article shows the history of the energy cooperation develop- ment between oil and gas companies (OGC) of the Russian Federation (RF) and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) on the continental shelf of Vietnam in the South China Sea. Despite the richest reserves of natural resources and, in particular, hydrocarbons in the territory of Vietnam, slightly less than half of the potential oil reserves and about a third of the potential natural gas reserves have been explored. The desire of the Vietnamese leadership to develop rela- tions in the oil and gas sector with foreign countries has led to the attraction of foreign oil and gas companies to the search, exploration and development of oil and gas fields on the shelf of the SRV in the South China Sea. Russian oil and gas companies are among the key partners in hydrocarbon production. The article shows the spheres of cooperation between Russian and Vietnamese oil and gas companies, its prospects and risks. The authors note that not only Russian oil and gas companies operate in Vietnam, but Vietnamese oil and gas companies have also gained access to Russian fields in the Russian Federation.

ВЛИЯНИЕ «ЗЕЛЕНОЙ» ПОВЕСТКИ НА РЫНОЧНУЮ КАПИТАЛИЗАЦИЮ РОССИЙСКИХ И ИНОСТРАННЫХ КОМПАНИЙ НЕФТЕГАЗОВОГО СЕКТОРА

The article reflects the problems of Russian and foreign companies in the oil and gas sector in the context of the global orientation of the energy paradigm to the "green" agenda. The main research methods are the assessment of the growth rates of generalized capitalization indicators of Russian and foreign energy companies and companies specializing in alternative energy, as well as correlation analysis, which allows to identify the strength of the relationship between the studied indicators and the construction of correlation matrices. As a result of this study, quantitative results were obtained. The study revealed an increase in the capitalization of renewable energy companies along with the stagnation of the capitalization of foreign oil and gas companies. However, a similar phenomenon was not detected in the Russian traditional energy sector. It should also be noted that during the correlation analysis, a strong inverse relationship was observed between the capitalizations of foreign energy companies and green energy companies, as well as a similar relationship between the capitalizations of foreign energy companies and global investments in alternative energy. There is no similar connection in the Russian energy sector. The purpose of this study is to assess the sensitivity of the capitalizations of traditional energy companies to the changing energy paradigm. The implementation of this goal is based not only on the results obtained by the authors, but also on the study of the opinions of the scientific community regarding the subject of the study. The "green" agenda, at the moment, is an urgent issue of the development of the energy sector and the world economy as a whole. The issues of alternative energy are actively discussed at the state, financial and public levels.

Theoretical and practical aspects of assessment of innovative activity in oil and gas enterprises

Analysis of theoretical and practical aspects of assessment of innovative activity at national and foreign oil and gas enterprises revealed the necessity of improvement of the existing tools which include the lists of key indicators of efficiency and performance applied within the innovative development programs of the Russian companies. Thereby the authors analyzed national and foreign research paying the most serious attention to theoretical aspects of innovative activity assessment. Among them of greatest interest is the complex approach to application of metrics in scientific and technical development of a company. The authors have also studied the conceptual apparatus and the main terms for the problems under consideration. As a result, the research confirmed the idea that the practice of applying the lists of key indicators of innovative activity in oil and gas industry does not coincide with the results of academic works and the innovative management theory: the current methods are primarily aimed at assessment of the results of innovative activity, several stages of the life cycle of creation of innovation are not subject to monitoring. At the same time lists of key indicators of innovative activity make it possible for the company’s management to estimate economic and resource effects of innovations which corresponds to strategic interests of oil and gas companies.Lists of indicators of efficiency and performance of innovative activity can be improved by means of national and foreign research. It is important to involve more metrics which make it possible to monitor all the life cycle of creation and implementation of innovative solutions.The results of the study can be used as the basis for further research on improvement and development of the lists of key indicators of innovative activity of oil and gas companies.

Современное состояние теплоэнергетики в Республике Узбекистан и перспективы ее развития

В статье обсуждены перспективы развития теплоэнергетической отрасли в республике Узбекистан. Отмечено, что согласно концепции развития Республики Узбекистан до 2035 года ожидаемый рост потребления электрической энергии в Республике составит примерно с 2000 до 3156 квтч/чел. Такой рост производства электроэнергии планируется достичь благодаря увеличению производства возобновляемых источников энергии (ВИЭ) в структуре генерирующих мощностей с 12,7% до 19,7%, до 2025 года, модернизации существующих станций, строительства новых парогазовых установок (ПГУ) и в дальнейшем строительства атомной электрической станции (АЭС).
 Учитывая то, что в ближайшие годы до 85% всей тепловой и электрической энергии в Республике будет выработано на тепловых электрических станциях, которые используют природные топливно – энергетические ресурсы такие, природный газ, уголь и мазут, а также учитывая большую изношенность оборудования станций и вследствие этого их низкий к.п.д., авторами статьи подчёркивается важность использования для выработки указанных видов энергии современных парогазовых технологий.
 Указано, что в настоящее время в мире существует широкая техническая и производственная кооперация основных зарубежных фирм – производителей газовых турбин. В мире основными производителями такого оборудования являются три компании – General Electric (США), Siemens – Westinghouse (Германия - США) и Alstom (Франция, Швейцария, Швеция).
 Разработаны варианты комбинированных паро и газотурбинных установок (ГТУ). В результате работы ГТУ отработанные в установке газы было предложено использовать в паросиловом цикле.
 Преимущества ПГУ: парогазовые установки позволяют достичь электрического к.п.д. более 60 %. Для сравнения, у работающих отдельно паросиловых установок к.п.д. обычно находится в пределах 33-4 %, для газотурбинных установок — в диапазоне 28-42 %; низкая стоимость единицы установленной мощности; парогазовые установки потребляют существенно меньше воды на единицу вырабатываемой электроэнергии по сравнению с паросиловыми установками; короткие сроки возведения (9-12 мес.); нет необходимости в постоянном подвозе топлива ж/д или морским транспортом; компактные размеры позволяют возводить непосредственно у потребителя (завода или внутри города), что сокращает затраты на линии электропередач и транспортировку электрической энергии; более экологически чистые по сравнению с паросиловыми установками.
 К недостаткам ПГУ относят: необходимость осуществлять фильтрацию воздуха, используемого для сжигания топлива; ограничения на типы используемого топлива. Как правило в качестве основного топлива используется природный газ, а резервного — дизельное топливо. Применение угля в качестве топлива возможно только в установках с внутрицикловой газификацией угля, что сильно удорожает строительство таких электростанций. Отсюда вытекает необходимость строительства недешевых коммуникаций транспортировки топлива — трубопроводов; сезонные ограничения мощности. максимальная производительность в зимнее время.
 Однако, несмотря на перечисленные недостатки ПГУ, на данном этапе развитии Республики парогазовые установки могут с большим к.п.д. производить электроэнергию, тем самым значительно сэкономить природный газ. Приблизительные расчеты показывают, что техническое перевооружение отечественной теплоэнергетики с использованием освоенных в мире газотурбинных и парогазовых технологий и природоохранного оборудования позволит обеспечить экономию природного газа ежегодно приблизительно в количестве 1010 м3, что в денежном эквиваленте составит 3 трлн. сум. В целом сделан вывод о том, что
 1.Для решения энергетических задач страны необходимо ускорить внедрение ВЭИ, технически перевооружить отечественную теплоэнергетическую отрасль с использованием освоенных в мире газотурбинных и парогазовых технологий.
 2.На электростанциях, в топливном балансе которых велика доля мазута или угля, но имеется и природный газ, в количестве, достаточном для питания ГТУ, могут оказаться целесообразными термодинамически более эффективные газотурбинные надстройки.
 3.Для реализации задач по модернизации и реконструкции привлечь в энергетическую отрасль частный сектор на основе государственно-частного партнерства. Создать необходимую для этого нормативно-правовую базу и техническую инфраструктуру

From “business as usual” to tackling climate change: Exploring factors affecting low-carbon decision-making in the canadian oil and gas sector

This article investigates empirical evidence from the Canadian oil and gas sector regarding the key factors behind corporate decision-making in moving from “business as usual” to tackling climate change. The findings are based on survey data from a sample of 127 managers. Logit regression analysis revealed that pressure from government, customers, suppliers and competitors increased the likelihood that firms will adopt a low-carbon strategy. Compared to other stakeholders, investors and employees may not be as strongly committed to adopting a climate change strategy. Media and corporate sustainability reporting were not found to be important factors in influencing firms to adopt low-carbon strategies, while command-and-control policies and firms’ perceptions of the risk of resource scarcity were factors that seemed to have the most influence on corporate decision-making. Multinational oil and gas firms headquartered in Canada appeared to be more likely to adopt low-carbon strategies than foreign multinational oil and gas firms. This research contributes to a better understanding of the key factors that affect corporate decision-making concerning GHG emission-reduction policies. Regulatory action based on significant engagement with affected stakeholders would appear to be particularly important in creating a broad base of support and pressure for action on climate change.

Simulation and optimization of high-pressure air injection promoting underground coal seam gas drainage

ABSTRACT In the soft coal seam with ultra-low permeability, the effect of permeability enhancement by hydraulic fracturing or stress relief methods is not ideal due to the closure of fractures. Injecting foreign gas into the coal seam can replace part of the gas adsorbed in the coal matrix and drive the coal seam gas to the drainage borehole, so as to achieve the purpose of promoting gas drainage. In this paper, we established a fluid-geomechanics coupling model for the high-pressure air injection promoting gas drainage. This mathematical model contains governing equations of ternary gases competitive sorption and transport, and deformation response of coal material, reflecting the interactions among gas mixtures and coal seam. The model is solved by the finite element method to simulate the high-pressure air injection promoting coal seam gas drainage through floor roadway drillings in studied Coal Mine. The gas pressure of CH4, N2 and O2 is comparatively analyzed, and the effective drainage area is obtained. It is confirmed that the air injection can enhance gas drainage by the competitive adsorption and pushing effect. Meanwhile, numerical simulations are carried out to optimize the borehole arrangement. When the operation continues 120 days, the effective areas in studied case are 10.1, 11.23, 11.35, and 6.23 × 103 m3 for borehole spacing of 6 m, 8 m, 10 m and 12 m respectively. The borehole spacing of 10 m is the optimal arrangement in the studied case, owing to its greater effective drainage volume and fewer boreholes. These provide a foundation for guiding the operation of air injection promoting coal seam gas drainage in the field.

Natural gas measurement technology system and its prospect in China

Natural gas measurement is an important basic job in national, social and economic development, and accurate and reliable measurement is an important guarantee for promoting the rapid development of natural gas industry in China. In this paper, the importance and characteristics of natural gas measurement were analyzed. Then, domestic and foreign natural gas measurement technologies were analyzed and compared from the aspects of measurement technological standard system, measuring instrument application technology, custody transfer metering mode in natural gas trade, measurement value traceability system and measurement management. Finally, the development of domestic natural gas flow metering technologies was summarized and predicted. And the following research results were obtained. First, natural gas measurement is a kind of large-quantity dynamic gas measurement with compressible medium, and the measurement result is derived from the flow rate, composition, temperature, pressure and other data under working conditions. Therefore, the accuracy of the measurement results cannot be guaranteed unless each basic data is measured accurately. Second, a natural gas measurement technology system has been established in China, including measurement laws and regulations, measurement technological standards and specifications, measurement value traceability technology, measuring tool application technology and measurement management system. Third, with the high-quality rapid development of domestic natural gas industry, China's natural gas measurement technology system will get improved continuously and be in line with international standards further. The guarantee for the reliability of measuring instrument may be transformed from compulsory verification to traceability based on verification or calibration, and the nationalization process of measuring tools will be sped up. In addition, the metering mode in natural gas trade will be changed greatly from volume measurement to energy measurement. In conclusion, China's natural gas measurement technology system basically guarantees the rapid development of its natural gas industry, but it still needs further improvement and completion.