Foreign Enterprises Research Articles

Cross-Border Transfer of a Company’s Registered Office in Georgian Corporate Law

The main purpose of the research is to investigate the fundamental, founding legal issues of a new institute in Georgian Corporate Law – cross-border transfer of company’s registered office or redomiciliation. Namely, the aim of this research is to explore issues such as the essence of redomiciliation, significance, preconditions for its implementation, the process of redomiciliation, legal consequences. This article only examines the legal side of redomiciliation and not other issues related to thecross-border transfer of a company’s registered office, such as, for example, issues of preferential tax regime. The study developed the concept of redomiciliation, namely, redomiciliation. This is the cross-border conversion of an enterprise, which means the transformation of an enterprise registered in Georgia into an enterprise of another country by transferring registration in that country, or the transformation of a foreign enterprise into a Georgian enterprise by registering in Georgia, as a result of which an enterprise is considered to be the legal successor of the original, pre-redomic enterprise. The study revealed that redomiciliation have not been implemented in practice to date, one of the obstacles to which is the lack of a clear procedure for its implementation and the existing practice of the National Agency of Public Registry. In addition, the less interest of foreign companies in redomiciliation should probably be explained by the fact that starting a new company or opening a branch in Georgia is more attractive due to the simplicity of establishment than redomiciliation, which is a much more complicated and unclear procedure. The future task is to strengthen the legal framework of redomiciliation, in particular, to adopt a by-law regulating the concrete rules and conditions for the implementation of redomiciliation. It is also desirable to consider the concept of redomiciliation at the legislative level.

КОРПОРАТИВНА СОЦІАЛЬНА ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЬ БІЗНЕСУ ПІД ЧАС ВІЙНИ В УКРАЇНІ

In recent years, the issues of social responsibility and professional ethics in business have become increasingly important. The experience of developed countries shows that it is impossible to build a civilised and harmoniously developed society without an optimal combination of legislative, regulatory, social and personal components. Therefore, one of the most pressing issues today is the question of building a civilised society that will be responsible to future generations for the products and results of its activities and management. Businesses around the world are increasingly aware of and feel the need for a socially responsible attitude towards their environment. The most important thing for an enterprise is to understand the principles of social responsibility and to implement them correctly in practice. This article is devoted to the study of corporate social responsibility of an enterprise as an important area of management, which is becoming increasingly relevant in the context of development of organisations, projects and enterprises. The importance of corporate social responsibility of an enterprise is substantiated by analysing its key internal and external features. The article considers the concept of corporate social responsibility not just as volunteering, but as one of the most effective tools for environmental, social and governance issues. The article highlights the main characteristics and principles of corporate social responsibility. The main aspects and means by which socially responsible enterprises implement their initiatives are explored. As part of CSR, companies take care of the well-being of employees, engage in charity, and participate in projects in the field of ecology, education, culture, and sports. CSR activities can be aimed at the company's employees, the public, and the environment. It is emphasised that each CSR tool aims to reduce negative social and environmental impact, promote positive changes in communities, and improve the quality of life and well-being of employees. Examples of corporate social responsibility of domestic and foreign enterprises are provided. The status and prospects of the relationship between corporate social responsibility and artificial intelligence are investigated.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ МОДЕЛИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ИНСТИТУТАМИ РАЗВИТИЯ НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ГАРАНТИЙНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ

Changes in the economic situation associated with the imposition of sanctions against key sectors of the national economy, as well as the cessation of entrepreneurial activity by many foreign enterprises in Russia, are forming a new economic reality for the small and medium-sized business sector. On the one hand, in the context of increasing focus on import substitution of products, it is appropriate to talk about the unique opportunities for Russian small and medium-sized enterprises to develop their own production. On the other hand, it is necessary to note the limitations of these opportunities, primarily due to the insufficient volume of concessional borrowed resources from the state to strengthen the positions of SMEs in the market and increase the competitiveness of their products. Important in this case is formation of an effective model of public administration by institutions for the development of entrepreneurship support. The article considers the features of the state model of management of regional guarantee organizations as development institutions. Providing SMEs with access to borrowed resources for the development of their activities, problems were identified and recommendations were developed.

Research on Diversification of College Students’ Employment Strategies and Optimization of College Management System

Abstract The purpose of this article was to explore the diversification of employment strategies among vocational and technical college students in Lishui, Zhejiang, China, and to propose optimization strategies for college management systems to support these diversified employment strategies. In recent years, the employment situation for college graduates has been severe, with persistent pressure on college students’ employment prospects. This study used a partial least squares logistic regression model to investigate the employment quality of college students. The methodology included verifying the fit and significance of the regression model, analyzing relevant factors that affect employment, and proposing optimization strategies for college management systems. The study started with a discussion on the growing competitive pressure in the job market caused by the increasing number of graduates. Survey data were collected from senior students in Zhejiang Province and analyzed using SPSS17. The regression model was found to have a high degree of fit, with significant Wald statistics. According to the results, 88% of students favored working in institutions and social service organizations, followed by government agencies, state-owned enterprises, and foreign enterprises. Private enterprises and military units were not as preferred. The study proposed several optimization strategies for college management systems, including standardizing career guidance courses, establishing a comprehensive web-based employment service platform, and implementing a feedback mechanism for continuous improvement. The objective of these strategies is to significantly enhance the job prospects for vocational and technical college students in Lishui, Zhejiang, China.

DEVELOPMENT OF PERSPECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR ENSURING INTEGRATED ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY OF BUSINESS STRUCTURES IN CRISIS CONDITIONS

The practical implementation of the transition to the domestic market and a sharp reduction in export operations in the short term may be complicated by the lack of sufficient demand from the consumer segment. If the consumer segment is made up of households, the Group may face a decline in demand due to a fall in purchasing power in the context of the crisis and macroeconomic instability (rising regional unemployment, higher inflation) or the presence of existing competitors positioning themselves in this market niche and having a certain stable customer base formed, among other things, through loyalty policies. In the context of sales of inputs on the domestic market, in addition to the above, there may be a problem of inconsistency of technical standards and requirements in terms of different technical regulations and the possibilities of using inputs at domestic and foreign enterprises. Based on the above conclusions, it can be concluded that there is a need for a time lag for reorientation from export to domestic trade operations, and it is advisable to take into account the role of state support in stimulating demand for such products.

Development of the Russian chemical complex in 2022

The article presents the results of an analysis of the socio-economic status of the chemical complex in Russia conducted by the authors based on the results of 2022, including the dynamics in the industry of the number of large, medium, and small enterprises, total employment, average capacity utilization, and average wages of chemical industry workers. It is shown that due to the current geopolitical situation, several Russian chemical productions are experiencing difficulties in production and product implementation. The actual number of enterprises in the chemical industry has decreased compared to the beginning of 2022 due to a reduction in the number of small and foreign enterprises in the industry, which is not critical on a national scale in the absence of crisis situations in product implementation. However, the average capacity utilization for major types of chemical products has decreased slightly and currently stands at 70%. The analysis results demonstrate the stability of the employee count and wages. Wages remain at the level of salaries in the manufacturing sector. The conclusion is drawn that the previously identified positive trend in the implementation of the Chemical Industry Development Program until 2030 (Strategy 2030) remains intact, according to the authors.

Analysis of the influence of foreign direct investment on the international trade pattern of host countries

This paper aims to explore the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the international trade patterns of host countries. Based on a comprehensive analysis of relevant domestic and foreign literature, this study sorted out the basic theoretical framework of the interaction between FDI and international trade. On this basis, using the latest panel data and econometric methods, this study conducted an empirical analysis of how FDI affects the export structure, import structure and trade balance of host countries. The findings indicate that foreign direct investment (FDI) plays a crucial role in enhancing the technological advancement of host nations, boosting the sophistication and value of exported goods, and aiding in the diversification of imported products while decreasing reliance on specific raw materials and technologies. In addition, the study also found that FDI can help the host country to improve its trade deficit and enhance its position in the global value chain. Finally, this paper further verifies the above conclusions through case analysis, and puts forward some policy suggestions for the government, including optimizing the foreign investment introduction policy, strengthening the cooperation between local enterprises and foreign enterprises, so as to make better use of FDI to promote the sustainable and healthy economic development of the host country. This study offers a new perspective for understanding the dynamic relationship between FDI and international trade, but also provides an empirical basis for formulating more effective foreign investment policies.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА В ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ

Currently, Russian enterprises are solving a large number of tasks related to sanctions pressure and the severance of partnerships with foreign enterprises. But despite the challenges, we can note a steady increase in investment in innovation and readiness to introduce advanced technologies into production. This article examines the use of artificial intelligence in production processes, as well as examples of the use of this technology in various industries.

Формування конкурентної позиції підприємства на засадах цифрового маркетингу

Today, the domestic economy is facing significant problems caused by ongoing russian aggression. However, despite everything that has happened, there are still many competitive industries in the economy, where enterprises constantly compete for the attention of consumers, so the formation of an effective competitive position of the enterprise in the markets remains relevant for enterprises. The study analyzes the essence and features of the use of digital technologies in the marketing management of enterprises, the possibilities of their integrated interaction and complementation. The features of the main digital technologies used for positioning domestic and foreign enterprises in the markets are systematized and described. The conditions for their successful and expedient application for various managerial tasks are determined. It is found that the most common digital technologies that are successfully used in the practical marketing of enterprises are marketing analytics, affiliate marketing, content marketing, email marketing, PPC, SEO, mobile and social marketing. It is substantiated that the use of these technologies contributes to the generation of a number of positive effects for enterprise: communications between enterprises and consumers are improved; a positive image of the enterprise is formed; the efficiency of decision-making increases by obtaining better and more complete market information; it becomes possible to regulate the amount of costs for obtaining information, etc. The article also provides a comparative characteristic of digital technologies from the standpoint of their advantages and disadvantages in terms of fulfilling the tasks of market positioning of enterprises. A number of recommendations on how to improve the results of using some digital technologies, including email marketing, PPC, and SEO, have been formed.

ФАКТОРНАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНОВ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН

The article formulates a system of criteria for selecting factors of innovative development of regions for the Republic of Kazakhstan. Taking into account the specifics of the economy of Kazakhstan, the article highlights the factors of innovative development of its regions. It considers the indicators that improve the regional cluster in the Internet environment. These indicators are factors of innovative development of the region. Based on mathematical modeling, the research shows the relationship of these factors with the volume of production of innovative products. Due to the significant internal correlation between independent variables, the author carried out the normalization of volume and cost indicators of innovative development of regions, which makes it possible to cover a larger set of parameters under consideration, establish a causal relationship between the parameters under consideration, and based on this determine the directions of innovative development of regions. It was found that only large enterprises have sufficient funds to develop and create competitive massproduced products. In Kazakhstan, the number of large enterprises capable of producing innovative products is limited, and their funds for the development and creation of innovative products are also limited. Therefore, in order to increase the volume of innovative products, Kazakhstan's large innovative enterprises need to cooperate with similar foreign enterprises, primarily Russian and Belarusian ones.

Санкционные риски и региональное развитие (на примере России)

Economic sanctions and countersanctions are expanding worldwide, posing spatially heterogeneous threats to most countries. The study aims to develop and test a methodology for assessing regional exposure to sanctions risks using Russian data. The share of foreign trade with the countries that introduced restrictions can be used to evaluate the exposure to new trade barriers. In several cases, this share exceeded 50 %, necessitating a rapid reorientation of product flows in Nenets, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Areas, Komi, and Murmansk region. The Kaliningrad, Kaluga, and Leningrad regions exhibit high import dependence in the production sector, particularly in the automotive industry, due to their active involvement in global supply chains. Sanctions against large legal entities created risks for the stability of regional economies but the increase in demand for domestic products offset this impact. Foreign enterprises exiting the market posed risks of disrupting production chains but also provided opportunities for local business development. Before some countries introduced sanctions, their companies had held more than 20 % of the market share in Kaluga, Moscow region, and the city of Moscow. However, the share of foreign firms that announced complete withdrawal exceeded 5 % of the market only in the Komi, Samara, Leningrad, and Moscow regions. An integral index of exposure was proposed based on the mentioned indicators. Its value is lower for the regions with a more diversified economy and foreign trade. The greatest risks were observed in the closely connected to the European Union northwestern territories of Russia: Karelia, Komi, Kaliningrad, Leningrad, and Arkhangelsk regions. In 2022, regions with a high index value were more likely to experience a decline in economic activity, but in 2023, this impact was less explicit due to economic adaptation and transformation. Based on the results of the study, some recommendations can be formulated.

ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ И ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ МАШИНОСТРОЕНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИОННОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ

The article examines in detail the impact of sanctions pressure from Western countries on the state of the domestic industry as a whole and its separate branch - mechanical engineering. The purpose of the study was to analyze the current state of mechanical engineering in Russia in order to identify existing problems, determine optimal directions and formulate proposals for achieving sustainable economic development of the Russian Federation. The objectives of the study were: analysis of the current state of mechanical engineering; identification of problems of the efficiency of mechanical engineering development; determination of directions of development of the mechanical engineering industry in the Russian Federation; development of measures for import substitution in the mechanical engineering complex. The study used the methods of scientific knowledge: analysis and synthesis, monographic, methods of statistical and economic analysis, graphical method, system-structural and formal-logical methods. The information base was the data of Rosstat, the Industrial Development Fund and the Institute for Statistical Research and Economics of Knowledge, presented on the official website and scientific materials of domestic and foreign researchers. We identified the optimal directions for the development of the mechanical engineering industry of the Russian Federation: overcoming the technological gap and increasing demand for machinery and equipment manufactured in the Russian Federation; Innovation-oriented integration into import substitution processes; Creation of modern and progressive technologies in mechanical engineering; Digitalization of business processes and implementation of the Industry 4.0 production management technology; Establishment of cooperation with domestic and friendly foreign enterprises; Increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of mechanical engineering enterprises, etc. The following measures are proposed for import substitution in the mechanical engineering complex: Purchase of components in friendly countries; Cooperation with manufacturing enterprises; Preferential lending by industrial development institutes; Creation by executive authorities of a unified information and industrial system to solve logistics problems; Placement of production segments of the mechanical engineering industry; Stabilization of the domestic product market and Development of cooperative interaction between industries. It is recommended to focus mechanical engineering production on the implementation of priority projects, development projects, projects for the digitalization of industry and SPIC, financed by the FRP, which will allow bringing the enterprise to a modern level and improving the state of the industry as a whole. The directions of future research will be the mechanisms of technological development of the domestic mechanical engineering. The conducted research and its results can be applied by researchers and students in economic fields interested in the state of mechanical engineering in Russia.

Формування логістичної інформаційної системи ефективного управління транспортними і виробничими підприємствами

The article examines the formation of information and the construction of a logistic information system for effective management of transport and production enterprises on this basis. It was found that the functioning of the logistics management system of the enterprise requires high-quality information support, since the management process is a sequence of decision-making acts. The experience of leading foreign enterprises, firms, companies, in terms of design and stages of development, as well as the methodology of implementing model logistics systems on them, is taken into account. The movement of material information flows in the logistics management system at the transport and production enterprise is considered. Seven management functions are identified and their content, types of systems and software products are clarified. Negative and positive points in the activities of enterprises were identified. The adequacy of the formation of information flows at the transport and production enterprise has been clarified. A typical decomposition of the structure of the logistics information system was considered and the building principles (effects) were formed and the main indicators were determined. An organizational structure was built with subsystems: management of order procedures; scientific research and connections; support of logistics solutions; generation of output forms and measures on the dedicated system of operations; the functional structure of the logistics information system is built. The issue of the role and purpose of information in the hierarchy of logistics operations has been clarified. Proposed principles of logistics information organization. The proposed improved structure of the logistics information system at the enterprise and flow chart.

Study On Policy Effect Evaluation and Optimization Path of Foreign Investment Introduction in Shenzhen

his paper deeply discusses the implementation effect of Shenzhen’s foreign investment introduction policy, and makes a comprehensive evaluation of its policy effect. Through the systematic analysis of the historical background, current situation of the foreign investment introduction policy and its economic, social, scientific and technological influences in Shenzhen, the positive effects of the policy on promoting economic growth, optimizing industrial structure, enhancing scientific and technological innovation ability and improving social welfare are revealed. At the same time, this paper also points out the existing problems and challenges in the implementation process of the current foreign investment introduction policy, such as the lack of adaptability of some foreign enterprises to the local environment, the attractiveness of the policy needs to be improved, and the insufficient efforts to promote industrial upgrading and scientific and technological innovation. Based on the above analysis, this paper puts forward the optimization path of Shenzhen’s foreign investment introduction policy, including strengthening the formulation and implementation of localization strategy, improving the pertinency and attractiveness of the policy, promoting industrial upgrading and scientific and technological innovation, etc. These optimization paths aim to further play the role of foreign investment introduction policy and promote the sustainable and healthy development of Shenzhen’s economy.

СИТУАЦІЙНИЙ ПІДХІД В УПРАВЛІННІ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ СУЧАСНИХ БІЗНЕС-СТРУКТУР

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of HR management in modern business structures from the point of view of the situational approach. The topic is relevant, as the existing challenges of the macro environment force managers to reconsider traditional approaches to human resources management. Situational management is increasingly being successfully implemented in practice, as exemplified by the cases offered on the official web portal Diia.Business. The purpose of the article is to define the tools of situational personnel management as a factor in the development of business structures in the face of uncertainty in the external environment. To achieve this goal, general scientific and special research methods were used: the method of system analysis – to clarify the essence of the main categories of research; the method of generalization – to identify the main problems of human resources management and situational management tools that can be used to solve them; methods of analysis, synthesis, and classification – to identify specific situational management techniques for certain categories of employees which emerged as a result of military aggression and martial law; empirical method – to identify situational management technologies which have emerged in modern conditions; tabular and graphical methods – to visualize the results of the study. It is determined that the main tools of situational HR management are: HR data analysis; communication tools; online learning platforms; Change Management; health and well-being programs; diversity and inclusion management programs. The authors provide examples of the use of situational personnel management by leading foreign enterprises. The article also draws attention to current domestic trends in personnel management. The article proves the advantages of using situational management for Ukrainian enterprises: this approach will allow preserving human resources in the face of economic shocks. The need for continuous improvement and updating of situational management tools leaves room for further research in this area.

Factor analysis of the external environment of foreign enterprises in the process of foreign economic activity

The article presents factor analysis factor analysis of the external environment of foreign enterprises in the process of foreign economic activity. The results show that an increase in operational efficiency increases the level of export indicators. In other words, if someone wants to make businesses competitive internationally, they need to expand their management capabilities. At the same time, the company must combine its abilities with market knowledge, creating a network at home and abroad if the company wants to achieve better results in foreign markets. In the course of the study, both general scientific and special methods were used, including the method of factor analysis and the graphical method. The method of mathematical analysis was used to systematize the factors that influence exports. Foreign economic activity explains to a limited extent the export behavior of companies in developing countries, where the business environment in which companies operate is unstable. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on external factors such as market dynamics and the institutional environment. This is because the efficiency of a firm is determined by the characteristics of its external environment, which is represented by the characteristics of its industry and the export market environment. The purpose of the article is to conduct a factor analysis of the external environment of foreign enterprises in the process of foreign economic activity It was found out that foreign economic activity is limited. This explains the export behavior of companies in developing countries, where the business conditions in which enterprises operate are unstable. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on external factors, such as market dynamics and the institutional environment. Because the effectiveness of a firm is determined by the characteristics of its external environment, which is represented by the characteristics of its industry and the environment of the export market.

Human Capital, Business Environment Optimization and Foreign Enterprise Innovation

Under the background that business environment optimization has become a new competitive advantage in cultivating investment and technology introduction, the influence of business environment optimization in developing countries on the innovation willingness of foreign-funded enterprises and the moderating effect of human capital of foreign-funded enterprises are investigated. The results show that: the business environment optimization reduces the willingness of foreign enterprises to carry out technological innovation, process innovation and product innovation, and the average marginal effect increases in turn; The internal mechanism is the reduction of preferential degree of foreign enterprises and the enhancement of competitive power of domestic enterprises brought about by the optimization of business environment. The human capital of foreign-funded enterprises enhances the effect of business environment optimization on their innovation willingness, and this is achieved by enhancing the preferential degree of foreign-funded enterprises, reducing the inhibition of their innovation willingness, and promoting the competitiveness of domestic enterprises by optimizing the business environment. It is further found that the introduction of foreign enterprises has a significant innovation spillover effect, and the absorption capacity of domestic enterprises has a positive regulatory effect.

Challenges faced by foreign companies in Turkey due to volatility of the local currency

Even though the working climate in Turkey is widely considered positive, many foreign enterprises have found success there. Local currency fluctuation is one of the key difficulties that foreign enterprises have noticed. This project focuses on currency mercurial in the context of Turkish foreign firms. Secondary means of collecting data have been employed in this project. Information has been gathered from the articles. It has been observed that currently, it is critical for the sustainability of international companies as the Turkish Lira is continuously fluctuating, and this was considered the most terrible time for the economy to return to the previous spirit. Certain factors have affected the Turkish economy, and this instability has brought challenges not only for the international company’s survival but also for the domestic companies. It has been concluded that it is affecting the financial performance of the companies and is empirically supported by past studies. It will make investing easier for anyone interested in the Turkish market. It also helps them foresee their profitability and estimate their risk. It is regarded as a crucial tool for decision-makers to determine the intended course of action in light of the impact of currency mercurial and to enable them to modify their policies in light of the present dynamics.

The impact of financing constraints on total factors productivity : evidence from property law reform in China

ABSTRACT This paper examines the effect of financing constraints on total factor productivity (TFP) using China’s Property Law reform as a natural experiment, employing a difference-in-difference (DID) model. The study reveals that easing financing constraints significantly enhances TFP. These results hold through parallel trend tests, placebo time checks, treatment group randomization, and regression using an alternate TFP measurement. Quantitatively, alleviating the financing constraint by one standard deviation can boost TFP by 26.5% of its standard deviation. It is noted that state-owned enterprises are more responsive to property rights protection than private and foreign enterprises.

Impact of Foreign Enterprises’ Capital Inflow on Urbanization Factors: Evidence from Northeastern Cities of China

This study investigates the impact of foreign capital inflow and the number of contracted foreign direct investment projects on urbanization. The study focused on the less-explored provinces of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang, covering the period from 2007 to 2021. The definition of urbanization was expanded to include three elements: the urbanized labor force, emission and pollution levels, and the productivity of services in the economy. Most importantly, an urbanization index was generated to estimate the total effect of foreign capital investment on sustainable green urbanization. The analysis employs both random and fixed effects regression models, complemented by robustness checks using the generalized least squares (GLS) method. The findings indicate that while foreign capital investments contribute positively to labor urbanization and service productivity, they have a notably adverse impact on environmental quality in the examined cities. Moreover, our findings confirm an overall inverse relationship between foreign capital investment and the urbanization index: the negative impact is primarily driven by inadequate procedures for emissions control in the northeastern Chinese cities. In conclusion, this research provides insights and strategic recommendations for promoting sustainable green urbanization.