Foreign Economic Activity Of Enterprises Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FINANCIAL MODEL OF EXPORT IN THE CONTEXT OF STRATEGIC PLANNING OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF ENTERPRISES

The article deals with the development and implementation of a financial model of exports in the context of strategic planning of foreign economic activity of enterprises. The model described in this paper aims to measure, analyse, evaluate and propose improvements to administrative processes by identifying various variables involved in strategic foreign trade planning. This paper is a survey that is being developed for export activities in Ukraine. Exports in Ukraine were analysed to test the methodology and to build an additive model.The model empirically shows the links that exist between the internal functions of a company and its ability to generate performance management indicators and business dynamics as a way to improve processes in strategic foreign trade planning. Some relevant findings from the first two stages of the empirical research conducted to date are presented. Validation has proven that the use of the methodology of strategic planning of foreign economic activity allows you to compensate for investments in new resources by increasing the number of operations carried out eliminating delays and attracting new customers as a result of improving the client's perception of the quality of service. During the audit, it was possible to determine that the delays created in the activities of support systems increase their negative impact on the process, consuming the slack of many actions of the central system and delaying their implementation, negatively affecting foreign economic activity. The model will be useful for enterprises engaged in foreign trade.

Innovative Approaches to Improving the Process of Risk Management in the Context of Developing a Strategy for the Foreign Economic Activity of Enterprises

The article presents innovative approaches to improving the risk management process in the context of developing a strategy for foreign economic activity of enterprise. To identify risks and choose the optimal strategy for foreign economic activity of enterprises (FEA), economic and mathematical modelling was used using the risk matrix and the criteria of Bayes, Laplace, Wald, Savage, Hurwitz, Hodge-Lehman. To approbate the results of the study, enterprises of the pharmaceutical industry were selected. According to the theory of games, in order to improve the risk management process, elements of the payment matrix have been applied, which characterize the profit of pharmaceutical enterprises in foreign economic activity. The use of the Hurwitz criterion, which is a criterion of pessimism-optimism, made it possible to choose the optimal strategy for the selected enterprises. The developed matrix of risks of foreign economic activity (strategic, operational, financial and external) for the selection of the optimal strategy of foreign economic activity through the use of economic and mathematical modelling should be used to determine the risks of the greatest impact at different stages of foreign economic activity using the theory of games. The presented matrix of risks of foreign economic activity is built for domestic enterprises of the pharmaceutical industry and is aimed at improving the process of risk management of foreign economic activity, which will enable enterprises of the pharmaceutical industry to predict risks at the early stages of activity and take into account in the general concept of the strategy of foreign economic activity of enterprises. The pharmaceutical industry of Ukraine was chosen for research because it is the most popular in modern conditions, and, according to the results of the analytical review, very high-risk. That is why the use of economic and mathematical modelling for risk calculation allows to optimize the economic behaviour of domestic pharmaceutical enterprises, while providing a reliable basis for making sound strategic decisions in the process of risk management in the context of developing a strategy for foreign economic activity. The risk management process, consisting of 7 stages and 18 steps, has been improved, and innovative tools have been proposed that facilitate the implementation of risk management in the enterprise in the process of developing a foreign trade strategy. The use of economic and mathematical modelling in risk forecasting and the formation of a foreign economic activity strategy will help enterprise managers to significantly increase management efficiency, reduce risks at the stage of planning foreign economic activity. The article improves the risk management process, which consists of 7 stages and 18 steps, and offers innovative tools that facilitate the implementation of risk management in the enterprise in the process of developing a foreign trade strategy. The use of economic and mathematical modelling in risk forecasting and the formation of a foreign economic activity strategy will help enterprise managers to significantly increase management efficiency, reduce risks at the stage of planning foreign economic activity.

IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF ENTERPRISES ON THE BASIS OF MARKET RESEARCH

The article is aimed at studying the status and trends in the development of foreign economic activity in Ukraine and in the world, and the impact of marketing research on their effi­ciency. The purpose of the study is to analyze the improvement of the efficiency of foreign economic activity of enterprises on the basis of marketing research using economic and statistical methods, to identify problems and prospects for development, and to develop ways for effective foreign eco­nomic activity in conducting marketing research. The article provides data on the volume of the marketing data market worldwide as of 2017-2021, the results of a survey of European companies on the benefits received after investing in sustainable marketing strategies as of July 2022. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set and solved: identifying the characteristic fea­tures of the organization's activities, familiarizing with the principles of accounting and financial reporting, analyzing the marketing and foreign economic activities of organizations. The importance of the development of foreign economic activity and market relations due to increased responsibility and independence of industries and individual entities in the preparation and adoption of management decisions is determined. The relevance of studying the theoretical aspects of improving the efficiency of foreign economic activity of enterprises based on the impact of marketing research on the functioning of these pro­cesses is substantiated. The impact of investing in sustainable marketing strategies on the company's development is characterized. The main obstacles to entering a new market are indicated. The results are summa­rized and ways to improve the functioning of foreign economic activity in Ukraine in the course of marketing research in the company are proposed, through the implementation of certain measures. It is determined that the main areas for further research should be: identifying the most attrac­tive marketing strategies in international markets, how artificial intelligence can become a driving mechanism in the company's marketing, studying pricing strategies and developing financial mar­keting mechanisms in accordance with this data, the impact of e-commerce in international opera­tions and the proper management of these strategies.

Accounting of barter operations of foreign economic activity of enterprises

The paper analyzes the norms and laws of exchange of goods in the international trade of Ukraine under barter agreements. Barter operations mean operations during which business entities exchange a certain amount of goods, works, services for an equivalent amount of other goods without the use of monetary payments. Barter transactions usually become popular in countries with unstable economies, where there is a shortage of both domestic and foreign currency. The main reason for using barter agreements in foreign trade is currency problems, such as its scarcity, instability, etc. The difficulties associated with the accounting of such operations in accounting are also considered. In accordance with the requirements, all transactions of exchange of goods in international trade are formalized by appropriate barter contracts. In case of violation of the terms of import of goods, performance of works and provision of services, a fine is applied, which is calculated for each day of delay. The main aspect of barter agreements is reaching an agreement on prices and volumes of supplies of export-import goods, as well as a profitable determination of the equivalent of the exchange of goods. Today market environment, some companies may have a limited amount of cash to operate normally. In such cases, the exchange of goods may be the only way for them to sell their products and obtain other goods necessary for production. An important aspect of a barter agreement is reaching an agreement on prices and volumes of export-import of goods, as well as establishing a favorable equivalence for the exchange of goods. In these market conditions, some businesses may not have enough working capital to operate normally. As a result, barter often becomes their only means of selling their products and acquiring others necessary for their production activities.

PRIORITY AREAS OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY REGULATION IN THE IT SPHERE

Introduction. The domestic market of Ukraine is not able to ensure the consumption of all products and services offered by manufacturers, so companies are forced to expand sales markets. Accordingly, they enter foreign markets, where there is strong competition from foreign enterprises. This encourages Ukrainian enterprises to define strategic directions of development, improve export activities, and improve product quality, which enables domestic enterprises to achieve long-term competitive advantages.
 That is why the effective foreign economic activity of enterprises contributes to the reproduction of export potential, increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian IT products and services on world markets, the formation of a rational structure of export and import, and the attraction of foreign investments.
 The hypothesis of the scientific research consists in the substantiation consists in the substantiation of methodological provisions regarding the foreign economic policy of the enterprise under study in the context of general trends in the development of the international market of IT services.
 The purpose of the study is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological tasks and practical recommendations for the formation of foreign economic vectors of the IT company.
 The methodology of the scientific research is the formation of recommendations regarding the improvement of the formation of the IT company's foreign economic strategy based on the application of general theoretical and specific research methods, in particular: theoretical generalization; classification and systematization; analytical method; methods of logical generalization and modeling.
 Conclusions and prospects for further research. In order to increase the efficiency of the enterprise's foreign economic activity, it is advisable to identify those countries that are attractive for further cooperation, to analyze the existing foreign economic relations and to highlight promising directions of development. The main goal should be a thorough analysis of the international trade system, the economic environment of the country where the penetration will be carried out, and it is also necessary to take into account the political, legal and cultural features of its environment.
 An important factor in improving foreign economic activity is the assessment and analysis of the company's strengths and weaknesses.
 Keywords: globalization; foreign economic activity; competitiveness; modeling; international trade; international IT market.

Theoretical and methodological aspects of analysing the foreign economic activity of enterprises

It is important for enterprises to determine exactly the current reserves for the development of export activities and, based on them, make adequate and objective management decisions regarding the further implementation of foreign economic activity. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to develop a comprehensive methodology for analysing foreign economic activity based on the determination of factors of the external and internal environment of the enterprise functioning, which affect the analysis of foreign economic activity, as well as the study of the process of implementing a comprehensive methodology for analysing foreign economic activity of the enterprise, based on the consistent implementation of stages: the stage of information and analytical support, the analytical and calculation stage, and the management stage – analytical processing of calculations and the formulation of reasonable conclusions. The study used the following methods: dialectical, analysis and synthesis, comparison, theoretical generalisation, and tabular method. The process of implementing a comprehensive methodology for analysing the foreign economic activity of the enterprise is considered, which provides an opportunity to obtain complete and objective information on the state of implementation of the foreign economic activity of the enterprise, the development and implementation of the foreign economic strategy. Recommended indicators of a comprehensive methodology for analysing the company's foreign economic activity are proposed, which are grouped into four main categories: indicators of export growth and growth rates, relative export indicators, efficiency indicators, and structure indicators. The generalised theoretical provisions obtained in the course of the study can be used in the activities of enterprises to analyse foreign economic activity

STRATEGIC GUIDELINES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF ENTERPRISES IN THE BANI ENVIRONMENT

Recently, the foreign economic activity of enterprises has been characterized by a decrease in the volume of world trade, the introduction of trade restrictions and a change in the trade policy of countries. In an environment where retail businesses are forced to cease operations or close, especially after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, trading in the BANI environment provides an opportunity to increase revenue, attract new customers and stimulate a change in distribution channels. This determines the relevance of the analysis of the impact of the BANI era on world trade, and therefore on foreign economic activity. The article presents the results of the study of the foreign economic activity of enterprises in the BANI environment. The meaning of the acronym BANI is revealed, it is emphasized that one of the main factors in the emergence of the BANI era was the COVID-19 pandemic. It is emphasized that it is small enterprises, in particular in the field of foreign economic activity, that face the biggest problems in the current changing environment: they are more sensitive to changes and worse adapt to them, having fewer resources in their arsenal, and free capital that can be used for amelioration of the negative consequences of the BANI era, they are practically absent. The risks of foreign economic activity of small business entities in the BANI environment have been determined. A list of anti-crisis measures to overcome the negative impact of the BANI era on foreign economic activity is provided. The importance of innovative activity at small enterprises in the field of foreign economic activity for their adaptation in the BANI environment is emphasized. It is shown that one of the effective innovative approaches for enterprises of foreign economic activity in the BANI environment is the introduction of virtual entrepreneurship, since it is this, especially at the international level, that contributes to: 1) integration of the efforts of partner enterprises around a specific project, which is not able to be implemented by each individual enterprise; 2) expands the boundaries of a traditional enterprise and completely eliminates spatial barriers. It was emphasized that one of the priority tasks in the era of BANI is the development of an effective legal mechanism for ensuring the information security of subjects of foreign economic activity. The role of WTO agreements in ensuring the transparency of international trade relations in the BANI environment is outlined.

INFLUENCE OF SYSTEMATIC STRATEGIC PLANNING AND STRATEGIC BUSINESS INNOVATIONS ON THE FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF ENTERPRISES

The article examines the theoretical and methodological aspects of the influence of systematic strategic planning and strategic business innovations on the foreign economic activity of enterprises. It was found that in a dynamic business environment, the ability of enterprises to quickly and effectively adapt is a critical success factor that requires a clear strategy. Thus, systematic strategic planning has grown to the point where its main value lies in helping businesses operate successfully in a dynamic and complex environment and navigate an increasingly unpredictable environment. It is justified that social, environmental and economic indicators are considered simultaneously as a whole, and not independently, as a means of conducting business through obtaining profit, promoting the efficiency of the enterprise, involvement in social harmony and environmental protection, which can help to find practical recommendations and theoretical foundations, that will help businesses grow, thrive and stay in business. It is substantiated that the top management of manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises should realise the need for systematic strategic planning of foreign economic activity, which can lead to an improvement in sustainable productivity. In addition, since strategic business innovation is crucial for the sustainability of manufacturing enterprises and is a significant source of competitive advantage, additional attention should be paid to the development of an innovative culture within the enterprise. This indicates that these practices must exist for this culture to emerge. Thus, decision-makers must realise the added value potential of strategic business innovations and systematic practices of strategic planning of foreign economic activities of enterprises.

ПЕРЕДУМОВИ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНОЮ ДІЯЛЬНІСТЮ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article is devoted to the study of the prerequisites for the introduction of innovative management approaches for the foreign economic activity of industrial enterprises, taking into account the aggravation of the situation in the foreign economic processes of Ukraine due to military aggression, which fundamentally changed the economic space of the functioning of domestic enterprises. The authors stated that under the conditions of martial law, the management of foreign economic activities of enterprises requires special attention in the context of ensuring competitive exports and realization of opportunities for stable cooperation with international partners. The article defines the prerequisites that will form the foundation for the effective restoration of foreign economic activity of industrial enterprises using innovative approaches. The authors include the following as key prerequisites for innovative management of the foreign economic activity of industrial enterprises: a deep understanding of the current state of the world economy and trade trends, the ability of the enterprise to adapt to changes in foreign markets, the development of its own innovative capacities, the establishment of an effective system of communication and cooperation with all interested parties, including state bodies, business partners, customers and other structures. Particular attention in the article is devoted to highlighting the prerequisites for the implementation of innovative management of foreign economic activities of industrial enterprises, which include the development of innovative culture in the organization, analysis and forecasting of foreign markets, innovative technologies and processes, knowledge management and training, partnership and cooperation networks. The systematization of the prerequisites for the implementation of innovative management of foreign economic activity enabled the authors of the article to form a number of promising directions for updating the management systems of foreign economic activity of enterprises of the Ukrainian machine-building industry during the war and post-war period. Considered in the article, the prerequisites of innovative management of foreign economic activity of industrial enterprises provide an opportunity to determine further directions of transformation of foreign economic activity management systems with the necessary further detailing of innovative management methods.

The State Regulation as a Factor of the Organizational-Economic Mechanism of Management of the Foreign Economic Activity of Enterprise

It is defined that ensuring the sustainable functioning of the organizational-economic mechanism for managing the foreign economic activity (FEA) of an enterprise involves taking into account and evaluating all its structural elements. It is argued that the activation of foreign economic activity of domestic enterprises is impossible without the active participation of the State in creating an effective mechanism for stimulating and regulating foreign economic activity. The main purpose of the article is to study the theoretical and practical aspects of functioning of the State regulation as a factor of the organizational-economic mechanism for managing foreign economic activity of enterprise. The major trends and features of regulation of FEA under martial law are analyzed. The application of the hybrid model of separation of the economy and a number of important regulatory innovations introduced by the Government of Ukraine for the period of martial law are characterized. The study proves that further improvement of the instruments of the State regulation of foreign economic activity remains relevant today in order to reproduce the country’s export potential and increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian goods in world markets. The study analyzes the dynamics of export-import activity indicators for 2021-2022 in Ukraine. It is proved that the resumption of international business activity is possible due to the State regulation of FEA. It is determined that the State regulation of foreign economic activity of an enterprise should consist in creating conditions and promoting the development of its relations with foreign partners. It is determined that the enterprise should take into account the internal factors of influence on the efficiency of economic activity, and the task of the State as an external factor is to provide a perfect legislative framework.

ПРОБЛЕМИ І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ГАРМОНІЗУВАННЯ ПОСТ МИТНОГО ОФОРМЛЕННЯ ЯК КЛЮЧОВИЙ ФАКТОР АКТИВІЗУВАННЯ ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ЗА УМОВ ЄВРОІНТЕГРУВАННЯ

The article highlights the main problems and prospects of harmonization of post-clearance customs clearance as a key factor in intensifying foreign economic activity of enterprises in the context of European integration. The purpose of the article is to study the problems of harmonization of customs clearance as a key factor in the intensification of foreign economic activity of enterprises in the context of European integration. Research methods are statistical and analytical. The article analyzes the positive changes in the dynamics of additional customs payments to the state budget of Ukraine due to customs post-audit procedures. The tasks of the entire customs sphere to ensure a high level of economic security through full, timely, effective state control in general and verification of foreign economic operations are highlighted. In accordance with the strategic European integration course of our country, there is a gradual approximation of domestic customs legislation to international (in particular, European) norms, rules and standards. The article considers the prospects of using customs postaudit as an important element for balancing between simplification and efficiency of customs control. A structural and logical scheme for the effective implementation of customs audit in Ukraine is proposed. Intensifying the use of the customs post-audit system will enable the domestic customs sector to solve problems related to the acceleration of customs clearance of goods and vehicles at border customs. Post-audit should take an important place in the risk management system in the domestic customs business, increasing the level of efficiency of customs operations. In recent years, the establishment and active development of customs control in Ukraine has been taking place in the context of the volatility of domestic customs legislation, insufficient tax culture, and a rather negative attitude towards the customs system as a whole. The introduction of the institute of customs post-audit into the national customs legislation and practice allows to significantly speed up the access of goods to the customs territory of Ukraine while preserving the protective functions of customs procedures.

СТРАТЕГІЧНЕПЛАНУВАННЯЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНОЇДІЯЛЬНОСТІПІДПРИЄМСТВ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІДЛЯРІЗНИХСФЕРДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

The article substantiates the features of strategic planning of foreign economic activity of enterprises for various fields of activity.As a result, it was found out that foreign economic activity is a complex phenomenon that involves the sale of goods and services and concerns all areas of activity of the enterprise. It is determined that the advantages of foreign economic activity include: expanded market opportunities; diversification of risks; access to new resources; savings in scale and volume; impr ovement of the brand image. The problems of foreign economic activity are: different lan-guages and cultures; regulatory and legal difficulties; logistical and operational problems; fi-nancial risks; competition and barriers to entry to the market.The key factors in implementing the foreign economic activity strategy are: a global ap-proach and thinking of the entire enterprise; clear motivation and commitment to foreign eco-nomic activity; appropriate adaptation to market characteristics; proactive search for growth opportunities in foreign markets.It is clarified that the foreign economic activity of enterprises is a dynamic process, which is explained by the use of theoretical models with different approaches, which, in general, are usually combined into two large trends: those that adhere to the traditional approach to the internationalization process (sequential or step —by-step) and those that offer alternative models. It should be understood that the foreign economic activity strategy is part of the com-pany's corporate strategy, and that the organization should promote international culture through and through, starting with management. However, companies need to be motivated when starting the foreign economic activity process. In order to guarantee successful work abroad, a minimum of key factors is necessary.Empirical results show that strategic planning of foreign economic activity is a special type of strategy, and it can be described as a complex and multidimensional decision-making process. In this process, it is not enough to develop and plan a corporate global strategy, because its successful implementation includes some other and relevant challenges and fea-tures for different areas of activity.

Теоретичне обґрунтування особливостей формування та розвитку управління зовнішньоекономічною діяльністю підприємства

The article is aimed at theoretical substantiation of features of formation and development of management of foreign economic activity of enterprise. With the help of research of scientific works of contemporary scientists, the causes and advantages of the development of foreign economic activity, the main rules and principles of its implementation at the enterprise generally accepted by the legislation of Ukraine and society, were systematized. Further, the most important methods and measures for the formation of sustainable and effective development are defined. Successful implementation of foreign economic activity involves research and passing through the stages presented in the article. Enterprises that are not familiar with the basic principles of management often face the problem of organizing the management of foreign economic activity, because the presence of a quality product does not guarantee success in the international market. Of great importance is management that uses modern technologies and provides the ability to adapt to any conditions in order to achieve the best result. It is noted that it is important to select a qualified and experienced manager who is capable of constant improvement and of using the latest methods and technologies for the successful activities. Prospects for further research in this direction are the search for new management methods that help to adapt the enterprise to modern changes in the international market and strengthen competitiveness. Further development of foreign economic activity management opens up many opportunities and prospects and is a factor in supporting the economy of Ukraine.

ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ: ВИКЛИКИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ

The purpose of the article is to assess the state of foreign economic activity of enterprises in the period of dangerous challenges and further prospects of implementation for the effective functioning of the microsystem. The goal presented in the article was achieved using the following research methods: general: empirical (observation and comparison), direct (empirical) analysis and synthesis, induction and special: grouping method and graphic method. Such methods as: observation, comparison, grouping and graphic were used in the analysis of the foreign trade balance of Ukraine from 2010 to 2022, in the analysis of the types, amount and from which country aid (financial, humanitarian, military) was received to Ukraine in the period from January 24, 2022 to On May 31, 2023, when analyzing the revenues of the state budget of Ukraine according to statistical revenues in 2018–2022 and during the comparative analysis of the general state budget of Ukraine and the state budget of Ukraine according to statistical revenues regarding foreign economic activity for the years 2018–2022. The method of direct (empirical) analysis and synthesis is used in the analysis of initial export and import data, it makes it possible to characterize the general limitation of extra-economic activity, but it is insufficient for the analysis of a specific unit of the microsystem. The induction method is used for a general conclusion (assumption) about the reasons for changes in the analysis of objects or factors. The results. When assessing the foreign economic situation (export-import operations), it will be easier for enterprises to orient themselves to the foreign market, to study their requirements, standards and traditions and mentality, as well as to implement promising measures for effective exit, consolidation in foreign markets and cooperation with international enterprises of long-term development. The conducted analysis of foreign economic activity allows enterprises to choose an optimization concept or strategy for entering international markets and ensure financial results in dangerous operating conditions for the long term.

The Analytical Aspects of Personnel Management in the Foreign Economic Activity of Enterprise

The article is aimed at studying the analytical prerequisites for efficient management of enterprise personnel as human capital in the context of activation of economic activity of enterprise in foreign markets. The article specifies that the contemporary category of «human capital» has several definitions and is constantly being updated. Thus, it was defined that nowadays the human capital of an enterprise represents a set of qualitative characteristics of a person, an object of investment, part of the total capital, a stock or a set of individual potentials of a person, and can also be considered as an opportunity to use the knowledge and skills of employees. During the study, it was emphasized that today it is the company’s personnel that allows building competitive advantages and achieving results in the professional activities of the enterprise. The authors summarize that this issue is especially relevant for enterprises operating in international markets, since the qualification of an employee should allow timely response to drastic changes that are characteristic of markets of such scale and be responsible of making effective business decisions. The article highlights the currently relevant methods and criteria for analyzing human capital in an enterprise. In particular, the main goals and stages of analyzing the state of the personnel of a company which has a foreign economic vector, are identified. Attention was focused on the difference in the assessing and accounting of personnel (human capital) in national and foreign practices and noted that there is no specific set and uniform indicators for assessing human capital at the enterprise level. In continuation of this statement, the article considers quantitative and qualitative indicators in the context of a comprehensive assessment of human capital of an enterprise – subject of foreign economic activity. In the course of the study, the main quantitative indicators (coefficients) of the impact of human capital on the development of the enterprise were analyzed: the coefficient of seniority, the stability coefficient, the health coefficient, the coefficient of professional growth, the coefficient of personnel education. In accordance with the normative values of such indicators, the necessary managerial decisions and actions in each of the simulated situations were interpreted. As a result of the study, the importance of taking into account the quality of personnel (human capital) for making managerial decisions at enterprises – subjects of foreign economic activity was emphasized.

Cognitive model of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry system of Ukraine

Chambers of commerce and industry are an effective tool of the market economy in the modern business environment, which promotes the development of world business through the growth of trade and investment, the open market of goods and services, and the free movement of capital. The question of the effectiveness of the system of chambers of commerce and industry of Ukraine and its influence on the foreign economic activity of enterprises is very relevant in the conditions of social, economic and political crises today. The theoretical study of the system is based on the dialectical method, which is a universal method of cognition. The basis of the methodology of scientific knowledge is a systematic approach, which allows a comprehensive study of the problem of the formation and functioning of Chambers of Commerce and Industry system of Ukraine and its impact on the foreign economic activity of economic entities. In the course of the study, the model of functioning of Chambers of Commerce and Industry system of Ukraine was analyzed and the cognitive model of the specified system was proposed. During the construction of the model, two types of modeling were used: the imitative model, which allows the process of functioning the system of chambers of commerce to be described by an imitation algorithm, and graphical one, which determines cause-and-effect relationships. A proposed cognitive model, which is a model of a complex dynamic system that combines concepts, signs, situations, elements that depend on each other, are connected by cause-and-effect relationships and change over time in accordance with the goals achieved and external and internal factors influence on the activity of Chambers of Commerce and Industry system of Ukraine. The presented structure of the model is distinguished by a wide range of components and their more detailed and large-scale interrelationships. The practical value of the presented results lies in the application of the identified components and their interrelationships in order to facilitate the orientation of economic entities in the conditions of cooperation with Chambers of Commerce and Industry system of Ukraine.

CONCEPTUAL ASPECTS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS SYSTEMS

In modern conditions, transport and logistics systems perform an integrating function, allow countries to realize their transit potential, and provide innovative development of regional and national economies. World practice shows that the leadership in competition in the international economy is given to countries whose complex sources of development are the effective use of logistics methods. Transport and logistics systems allow you to reduce all types of costs related to the management of material and related flows, costs of transportation, warehousing, order management, procurement, packaging and other logistics costs. The reduction of transport and logistics costs, in turn, frees up financial resources, directing them to investments in innovative developments, the purchase of fixed assets, training and retraining of personnel, marketing activities and other ways of strengthening the competitiveness of enterprises. Today, logistics is a system of organizing the delivery of goods from the producer to the consumer, and its main purpose is the coordination of various stages of transportation. The development of the transport network, which led to the strengthening of trade relations between states, as well as the progressive processes of globalization, brings such a direction as international logistics to the fore. International logistics promotes the development of foreign economic activity of enterprises, optimizes purchasing, transport, warehouse and other processes. Transportation plays a crucial role in handling logistics. A review of the current state indicates that a powerful system requires a clear logistics system and proper tools and methods to communicate production procedures.

Peculiarities of the Management of the Foreign Economic Activity of Enterprises in Current Conditions of Sustainability

The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the management of foreign economic activity of enterprises in current conditions of sustainable development. To achieve the goal of the article, in the study, the following scientific methods are used, namely: analysis and synthesis - to determine approaches to understanding the concept of foreign economic activity and levels of its implementation; statistical - to form the indicators that characterize the state of foreign economic activity in Ukraine; grouping - to obtain groups of regions according to the level of foreign trade turnover; cartographic - to visualize the received groups of regions on the indicators of foreign economic activity; graphic - to visualize the system of foreign economic activity in terms of the need to achieve the stability of regions, enterprises as a leading subject of foreign economic activity and the peculiarities of foreign economic activity of the enterprise in modern conditions. Within the article, the factors of external and internal environment, on which depends the effectiveness of foreign economic activity, are considered. The systems of management of foreign economic activity of the enterprise are studied and characterized. Trends of the development and current state of foreign economic activity in the regions of Ukraine are studied. The grouping of the regions of Ukraine according to the activity of conducting foreign economic activity was carried out, with the separation of the leading and the outsider regions. According to the results of the research, the peculiarities of foreign economic activity of enterprises in modern conditions are identified and outlined, among which the following are singled out: spread of integration processes, structural transformations of the international division of labor, strengthening the role of the state in joining the world economic system.

СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ЛОГІСТИКИ НА РІВНІ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ВІДНОСИН

The main stages of the development of world logistics and their influence on the formation of the world market of transport and logistics services are highlighted in the work. Modern trends in the development of logistics activities in the world's leading countries have been studied. Using the data of the logistics productivity index, the effectiveness of logistics management in different countries was evaluated. The development of the transport network has led to the strengthening of trade relations between the countries of the world, as well as the progressive processes of globalization, bring such a direction in logistics as international logistics to the fore. International logistics promotes the development of foreign economic activity of enterprises, optimizes purchasing, transport, warehouse and other processes. One of the most obvious reasons for the development and change of logistics is the growing demand for freight transportation due to the development of world trade. In particular, the globalization of production, which includes planning, supply, and trade, has led to distributed trade and the development of transportation networks. Globalization of industry and trade has not only provided many benefits, but also created many challenges. Companies that once served only local markets are now working with customers and consumers far from their main locations. At the same time, their supply and production capabilities are worldwide. As a result, their supply and distribution networks have become more complex and often uncertain. The task of managing and coordinating this global network of material and information flows has become a key priority for businesses as they strive to remain competitive in a constantly changing market. Logistics today has become an integral part of a new model of competition, as it takes into account the actions of competitors in a wide area. Logistics in the activity of any company significantly affects its competitiveness.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF THE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AT THE ENTERPRISE

Topicality. The development of international economic integration and globalization of the world economy contributes to the intensification of foreign economic activity of enterprises, which opens up opportunities for economic growth through the expansion of sales channels. At the same time, operations in the foreign market are characterized by a significant degree of risk, the need for a detailed investigation of the political and economic situation ,the legal basis of foreign economic transactions, etc. Small and medium enterprises should be the basis of the economy of a developed country. Nowadays, Ukrainian authorities stimulate the creation of such enterprises and their entry into foreign markets through the Entrepreneurship and Export Promotion Office. The implementation of foreign economic activity in a small enterprise is more risky and challenging than in a large one. Therefore, the study of the peculiarities of the management strategy for the introduction of foreign economic activity at the enterprise is a topical issue today. Aim and tasks. The paper aims to develop and improve theoretical and methodological approaches to evaluation and selection of the management strategy for the introduction of foreign economic activity, which can be used by Ukrainian enterprises for the attraction of additional opportunities to foreign markets. Research results. The research results of theoretical and methodological approaches to the evaluation and selection of the management strategy for the introduction of foreign economic activity at the enterprise are presented. According to the investigation results of the ?strategic management? concept in the scientific literature from a general scientific point of view and taking into account the peculiarities of strategic management of the foreign economic activity, a modern understanding of strategic management is determined. Knowledge of these features allowed showing the logic of foreign economic activity strategic management process at the enterprise. Basic corporate strategies and ways of their implementation are proposed for the foreign economic activity strategy development. Their essence is specified using the sub-strategies, the so-called alternatives to the basic strategy. It is shown that the decision on the optimal choice of alternatives of foreign economic strategy is made by the company's management, taking into account the results of previous analytical work and assessment of potential markets, time constraints, and scale of activity. Analytical tools for the selection of strategic alternatives are offered. It is recommended to conduct a PEST/PESTEL analysis of the most perspective markets to select a market for expansion. Porter's Five Forces model is proposed to investigate the existing competition in the market. It will help to choose the best timing of entry. To choose the scale of market entry, an enterprise should consider the advantages and disadvantages of basic entry modes: exporting, licensing, joint venture, wholly owned subsidiaries. The proposed basic corporate strategies can be used alone or in combination. Conclusion. Strategic management of the introduction of foreign economic activity is part of the company's development strategy and is subject to its mission. The introduction of foreign economic activity is preceded by the development of alternative strategies based on the peculiarities of economic activity of the enterprise; its internal and external environment, and foreign markets. Decisions on the optimal choice of alternatives to foreign economic strategy are made by the company's management, taking into account the results of previous analytical work and assessment of potential markets, time constraints, and scale of activity.