Foreign Authors Research Articles

Ауыл шаруашылығы кәсіпорындарын бюджеттік қолдау нысандары

As an important food security industry in the country, agriculture needs government regulation and financial support to be high-performance and competitive. The purpose of using budgetary forms of support is to stimulate the development of the industry, increase the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises, improve the social well-being of the population and solve other socio-economic problems. This article considers the forms of budgetary support for agriculture, analyzes their current condition and gives recommendations for their improvement. According to the forms of budget support, the points of view of domestic and foreign authors are presented, as well as the forms of budget support operating in the country. On the basis of official statistics, a comparative assessment of the dynamics of agricultural products, the share of agricultural products of Kazakhstan and other Central Asian countries in the gross domestic product is carried out, the dynamics of budgetary allocations for the country's agriculture, the volume and structure of subsidies and its impact on the development of agriculture are estimated. Among the main problems that need to be solved are indicators of equal access of budget funds to all producers and the effectiveness of the funds provided. Support of agricultural enterprises from the budget, parallel use of a number of support tools will increase the share of the industry in the economy.

DETECTIVE AS A LITERARY GENRE IN THE SYSTEM OF COPYRIGHT OBJECTS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: PROBLEMS OF DETERMINING THE PROTECTION CAPACITY

The article is devoted to the study of the detective as a literary genre as an object of copyright and the problem of criteria of protection. The detective in the Kazakh literature has not been widely distributed, and therefore arouses scientific interest. At the same time, it is the result of creative intellectual activity, the object of copyright. The article analyzes the features of the literary work, presents the points of view of Kazakhstani and foreign authors. However, not every work can be recognized as an object of copyright, in order to be recognized as such, the object must have certain characteristics in order to become protectable. Determining the criteria for the protectability of works is important when recognizing a work as subject to legal protection. The legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan recognizes creativity and the form of works as such. The article reveals the concepts of purpose, content, dignity, as well as ways and forms of expression of works. The legal literature presents different points of view to the study of the criteria of protectability: creativity, novelty, originality, etc. There is no unity of opinion in foreign practice, in the USA the level of creativity is considered as a criterion. Currently, the concept of determining the lower level of protection capacity, which distinguishes works with an insignificant level of creative character, is increasingly attracting attention. The judicial practice of the Republic of Kazakhstan in dispute resolution adheres to the approach of determining the existence of the creative nature of the work, the Copyright mark, using such tools as an author's expertise for borrowing material and coincidences of creative results. The establishment of criteria for the protection of works is an urgent problem that has a practical nature, and its resolution is necessary in order to determine which works can enjoy copyright protection.

On the issue of methods for the identification of melamine in milk and its processed products

The development and intensification of the dairy industry currently often leads to the appearance of counterfeit food products in circulation. Component adulteration of milk is widespread in relation to the most valuable protein component. To date, the problem is that the estimation of the amount of protein in milk and its processed products by arbitration methods is based on the determination of nitrogen and is currently imperfect, since when adulterated with nitrogencontaining substances such as melamine, urea gives false inflated values and does not allow for operational input and production control. We have analyzed the regulatory framework, scientific publications of domestic and foreign authors, review materials from open sources over the past 10 years on the issues of falsification of the protein component of milk and its processed products, methods of identification of adulterating components. As a result of the analysis of regulatory documents and scientific literature, it was established that the existing methods approved in regulatory documents are laborious to reproduce, require special equipment, training of personnel to work on this equipment, the use of chemical reagents and auxiliary equipment, often expensive. The modern method of identifying melamine using infrared analyzers will allow to establish its quantitative values with great accuracy in the presence of appropriate calibration dependencies, in many ways accelerate and simplify the procedure for delivery and acceptance of raw milk while maintaining quality and safety indicators at a high level in accordance with regulatory documents.

Использование нейромаркетинговых исследований для оценки цифрового сервиса медицинских услуг

The development of innovative research methods expands the possibilities for studying various types of services, including digital ones. Assessment of the quality and level of development of digital services and their compliance with the expectations of patients in medicine is an important aspect for the image component of medical institutions. One of the tools for evaluating a digital service is neuromarketing. Purpose of the research is to identify the possibilities, prospects and ways of applying neuromarketing research to evaluate the digital service of medical institutions. The research is the analysis of theoretical sources of foreign and domestic authors. Cabinet and field studies were used. Desk studies were conducted in the form of analysis of secondary information sources, mainly on theoretical sources. Field studies were conducted in the form of an expert assessment. Comparative analysis has shown that neuromarketing research has a number of advantages compared to classical marketing methods, such as the ability to determine the indirect reaction of consumers and the emotional message when testing a digital service. Special attention is also paid to the potential of using neuromarketing research in the areas of digital medicine. At the same time, based on the analysis, it is determined which methods of neuromarketing research can be effectively used for each digital service and what results we can get. Within the framework of the study, the directions of evaluation of digital service by medical institutions using neuromarketing were identified, which will allow us to understand how to improve the platforms and what adjustments can be made. Based on the expert assessment on the possibilities of using neuromarketing research in the service sector, an IFAS analysis was conducted, which is a generalized analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of internal factors in the application of neuromarketing.

Социальные установки общества переживаний и логика потребительского поведения как факторы корреляции

This article comprehensively examines and analyzes the historical and cultural context of the transformation of a formerly consumer society into a society of impressions (“a society of experiences”), analyzed from J. Baudrillard and G. Debord to G. Schulze, whose work of the same name made a significant contribution to the process of understanding the causes of change in the attitudes of consumer behavior recorded over the past decades. Developed by G. Schulze, the social concept of “consumption of experiences” of members of modern society is studied from the point of view of the growing crisis of the previous models of mass consumption, which are increasingly ceasing to meet the requirements of modernity. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the features of further development of all these ideas in the form of the emerging counter-culture of anti-consumerism, criticism of overconsumption and a number of psychologizing approaches to the study and search for solutions to the problems of the emerging “emotional economy” in its application to the broader concept of “emotional capitalism” in that form as it is presented in a number of works of domestic and foreign authors.

Историческая политика Польской Народной Республики в 1980-е гг.: особенности трансформации

The article examines the transformation of the historical politics of the Polish People’s Republic in the 1980s. The author proceeds from the position that the commemorative practices of the Polish socialist government experienced significant external influence from the “mnemonic actors” opposed to the state − the Solidarity trade union and the Polish Catholic Church. The purpose of the study is to analyze the transformations of commemorative practices in the conditions of confrontation between the Polish United Workers’ Party and opposition structures. The works of domestic and foreign authors on the problem of research are noted, in which experts analyzed historical politics through the involvement of didactic literature, paid attention to anniversaries and memorable dates of socialist Poland, and also used a semiotic approach. Relying on a wide array of narrative sources, the author traces the structural changes in the historical policy of V. Jaruzelski: the reform of history textbooks, the actualization of previously suppressed historical events, the institutionalization of the academic community of historians under the auspices of the Polish Historical Society. It is noted that the impulse to modify commemorative practices was the spread of alternative versions of the past by the opposition, which contributed to their actualization in the collective memory of Polish society. The author focuses on the role of the Polish-born Pope John Paul II, whose visit to socialist Poland in 1983 actualized the events related to the Holocaust and the Warsaw Uprising of 1944. It is concluded that the anti-communist forces of the Polish People’s Republic influenced the transformation of the course of historical politics due to the popularity of institutions opposed to the state in the conditions of permanent socio-economic and political upheavals in the country in the 1980s.

Poljsko-hrvatski odnosi u kontekstu djelovanja Krakovskog slavističkog društva početkom XX. stoljeća

The article explores the activities of Krakow Slavists at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, focusing on their stance toward the Croats, particularly their culture, history, and mutual relations. The aim of the article is to illustrate how Slavic enthusiasts from Galicia perceived the role of Poles in the broader Pan-Slavist movement. This is a crucial topic because South Slavic historiography often propagated the claim that Poles were opposed to the idea of Slavic cooperation. Figures such as Marian Zdziechowski, Tadeusz Stanisław Grabowski, and Jan Magiera contradict this assertion. Opposing Pan-Slavism or Neo-Slavism did not imply that Poles rejected Slavic collaboration, but rather the role of Russia. In their opinion, Russia did not act in the Slavs’ interest but against them, pursuing the Greater Russian goals of the Tsarist regime. Consequently, they proposed alternative solutions, emphasising the central role of Polish culture and advocating for collaboration among Slavic nations on equal terms. Thanks to their knowledge of Slavic languages and cultures, Krakow Slavists maintained numerous contacts with individuals from various Slavic countries, including Croatia. After World War I, some Poles and South Slavs continued this line of thought, believing that Poland should become the cultural centre of Slavic heritage. A section of the article is dedicated to demonstrating the stance of key representatives of the Krakow Slavophile community towards Croats, supported by a detailed analysis of texts concerning Croats published in the monthly journal Świat Słowiański. This publication served as the press organ for this community, featuring contributions from foreign authors. The journal aimed to promote the Polish concept of Slavic unity and familiarise the Galician public with the issues of Slavs within and outside the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.

ПРОЦЕСС ИНТЕГРАЦИИ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЕЙ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА В РАБОТЕ С ПЕРСОНАЛОМ

This article examines the changes in the personnel management process caused by the introduction of artificial intelligence, emphasizing their impact on staff functions. The purpose of the study is to consider the potential advantages and disadvantages of using artificial intelligence technologies when working with personnel, as well as to study the process of integrating AI into business processes. To achieve this goal, the author has put forward the following tasks: 1) Give a general description of artificial intelligence, determine its importance and the main advantages of its introduction into business. 2) Consider specifically how it can be applied in personnel management, for this. In order to comprehensively and fully consider the presented topic, the author researched scientific articles written by domestic and foreign authors, as well as information from open sources contained on the Internet.

Ways to improve the properties of high-entropy alloys Cantor CoCrFeNiMn and CoCrFeNiAl

Created one of the first and studied more than 20 years ago, high-entropy five-component alloys CoCrFeNiMn (Cantor alloy) and CoCrFeNiAl still attract the attention of researchers in the field of physical materials science due to their possible application in various industries because of their successful combination of strength and plastic properties. To date, a large amount of experimental materials has been accumulated on the ways to control the properties of these alloys. This article reviews the publications of domestic and foreign authors in two areas of improving the properties of these alloys: alloying, precipitation and heat treatment, and the use of CALPHAD phase diagrams. In the first direction, the role of alloying with B, Al, V, Si, Nb is analyzed; γ and γ′ nanoprecipitations, various modes of thermal and deformation processing. It was concluded that it is necessary to conduct experiments on the alloying of HEAs with Zr and Nb, which have proven themselves well in hardening steels. Creation and modification of the properties of five-component HEAs is possible using the CALPHAD computer programs developed for calculating state diagrams. The results of publications on the thermodynamic description of five-component alloys analyzed in the article are confirmed by comparing the phase diagrams with the available experimental data. In one of the analyzed works on the phase formation of five-component HEAs consisting of Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, Al, Mn, Cu, 2436 compositions were considered, which made it possible to determine 1761 variants of reliab­le prediction of the formation of bcc/B2 and fcc phases, bypassing amorphous phases and intermetallic compounds, thereby designing a certain level of mechanical properties. It is shown that the design of a new generation of HEAs is possible based on calculation of the CALPHAD phase diagrams.

Scaffold biotechnolgy in treatment of diabetic foot syndrome

This article presents modern ideas about the study of the efficacy and safety of topical application of a hybrid biodegradable bioengineered construct based on carboxymethylcellulose with spheroids containing bacteriocins from broth cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli atque etiam Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the complex treatment of diabetic foot syndrome. A prospective study of 89 patients with diabetic foot syndrome aged 25 to 74 years was carried out on the basis of the NCC “Diabetic Foot”, Almaty. The control group consisted of 25 patients aged 26 to 74 years. All patients of the main and control groups received conventional treatment for diabetic foot syndrome. Thus, as a result of studying the local application of a hybrid biodegradable bioengineered construct based on carboxymethylcellulose with spheroids containing bacteriocins from broth cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli atque etiam Pseudomonas aeruginosa in combination with complex treatment of diabetic foot syndrome, its safety and efficacy were shown, which is also confirmed by the studies of foreign authors.

Progress of The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal thanks to Collaboration with RECOOP HST Association

The article examines the impact of cooperation between The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal (UBJ) and the international association RECOOP HST on the journal’s development in 2019-2023. During this period, 324 articles were published in the journal. Most of them are written by Ukrainian authors (79.9%). Foreign authors (20.1%) are representatives of 15 countries. An online manuscript handling and reviewing system were implemented on the journal’s website, which increased the number of articles received by the editorial office and allowed for a more careful selection of manuscripts at the initial evaluation stage. As a result, the percentage of rejected manuscripts increased from 36.5 to 67.7%. RECOOP’s support has also played a key role in improving the quality of UBJ’s publications through the renewal of its editorial board and expanding its international reviewer base. In collaboration with RECOOP, eight special issues of UBJ were produced separately, including four themed issues. In total, 56 articles (110 citations) were published in these issues. The number of visitors to UBJ’s website almost tripled during the mentioned period. Currently, UBJ’s Scimago Scientific Journal Rank (SJR) for 2022/2023 is 0.169, the h-index is 20, and the Impact Score is 0.63. A conclusion is made that the cooperation with RECOOP contributed to the publication of better scientific articles, the involvement of highly qualified experts in the peer review process, and stricter adherence by the journal to the fundamental provisions and ethical standards, thereby leading to an elevation in UBJ’s rating and recognition in the global scientific arena. Keywords: COMET, increasing UBJ’s global visibility, project implementation, RECOOP, thematic issue, UBJ

Anticancer properties of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (literature review)

Cancer is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Statistical data show that more than 130,000 people in Ukraine receive this diagnosis as a sentence every year. Cancer can affect any organ and eventually the whole body. In most cases, cancer is a tumor affecting epithelial, mucous, muscle, fat, and bone tissues. Also, processes related to malignant formations can occur in the blood and lymph. The main mechanism that triggers the process of formation of neoplasms is a violation of growth and, accordingly, cell division. They begin to grow uncontrollably, multiply, and can also migrate, spreading to nearby tissue structures, and later degenerate into atypical (malignant) ones. Cancer is one of the most life-threatening diseases. Literature data show that more than 90 % of cancer patients die due to chronic metastases. Cancer therapy involves the use of drugs that block the growth and spread of cancer cells by affecting certain molecular structures involved in the growth, progression, and spread of cancer. The diversity of the use of means for cancer therapy, namely, hormone therapy, the use of angiogenesis inhibitors and apoptosis inducers, has provided scientists with various options for finding effective means to fight this disease. Aim. The aim of the work is the analysis and systematization of new data on the anticancer activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives and the selection of the most promising directions for further scientific research based on the results of the analysis. Materials and methods. The study employed various methods, including analysis, information search, bibliosemantic analysis, descriptive techniques, and generalization. Research materials primarily comprised literary sources containing information on the promising array of new biologically active compounds, particularly 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, known for their targeted anticancer properties. Results. A literature search was carried out, 1,2,4-triazole derivatives with antitumor activity were analysed, characterized and summarized. Based on the study of available information and conducting an information and patent search, it was established that the market of Ukraine is insufficiently saturated with 1,2,4-triazole-containing drugs with anticancer activity of domestic production. It was determined that the development of new effective drugs based on 1,2,4-triazole and potential drugs with clearly directed anticancer activity requires a systematic approach both in conducting synthetic tests and screening new compounds for further structural optimization of molecules. Conclusions. The analysis of scientific literature in recent years devoted to the study of the anticancer activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives convincingly proves the prospect of further research in this direction. Numerous publications indicate the possibility of constant improvement of molecules with regard to the presence of anticancer activity. Domestic and foreign authors have clearly and argumentatively proven the perspective of the scientific direction for the creation of new original drugs to combat various oncopathologies.

Stylistic Correlations Between Serbian and European Music in the 20th Century

The Serbian musical culture was put late into connection with the European one. The fact that the first piano was introduced in Serbia in 1824 indicates that cultivating Serbian music was not possible under the Turkish domination. The spread of Serbian music in Europe made it possible to publish compositions by foreign authors and Serbian composers, which drew attention to the themes of Serbian music. The compositions were printed and published in Leipzig, Vienna, Prague, Paris, Budapest, London. The tours abroad performed by Serbian choirs and soloists popularized Serbian songs all over Europe. In the first half of the 20th century, almost 80 European composers wrote works with Serbian influences. Most of the foreign composers, especially those who lived and created among Serbians, embraced the mentality and cultural and musical needs of a people whose melodic essence they tapped into, using Serbian musical themes in their compositions. Keywords: Serbian, composition, modernity, relations, influences.

Modern methods for assessing blood loss in childbirth and diagnosing postpartum hemorrhage: A review

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in Russia and worldwide. Accurate calculation of circulating blood volume (CBV) and personalized estimation of the extent of blood loss (EBL) play vital roles in the early diagnosis of PPH. Visual assessment of BL in childbirth is an available diagnostic method, but it has a high error rate compared to the gravimetric method. A dynamic assessment of the shock index (SI) as an indicator that reflects hemodynamic disorders early enough can be used as an additional diagnostic method for PPH and a test that allows predicting the need for transfusion of blood products. Aim. To review current literature on the assessment of BL in childbirth and the diagnosis of PPH. Materials and methods. The search for publications by Russian and foreign authors was carried out in the information electronic databases PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and eLibrary from 2016 to January 2024 using the keywords "obstetric blood loss," "PPH," and "SI." Results. When assessing the CBV, its correlation with the body mass index was revealed. Subjective methods for the PPH assessment have a large margin of error, which does not depend on the experience and seniority of the healthcare provider. The gravimetric method is more accurate, but it can underestimate the clinical situation when physiological blood loss is exceeded. Dynamic assessment of SI is an early marker of hemodynamic disorders and makes it possible to identify patients with a high risk of adverse outcomes more reliably than other parameters. Conclusion. In order to provide timely and adequate emergency medical care for excessive obstetric blood loss, a personalized approach should be used to calculate the EBL, taking into account the woman's body mass index, as well as a systematic assessment of the BL, including at least the extent of blood loss and monitoring of the SI.

Experiential nostalgia, ironic homage, and literary awareness in the Italian gamebook

This article offers an overview of the history of Italian gamebooks and interprets some of its most relevant traits. The form originated in the UK and the USA in the 1970s, and reached Italy through translations published mainly by Edizioni EL. The article shows how these translations shaped the perception of what gamebooks could and should be in Italy. In the 1980s and early 1990s, the market for gamebooks was so dominated by foreign authors that gamebooks written by Italians lacked visibility and continuity, and in some cases were manipulated to look like translations from foreign languages. While readers of gamebooks in the 1980s and early 1990s were mainly tweens and teens, early Italian gamebooks tended to target adult readers, and this, too, affected the circulation of the works. The article then proceeds to discuss the blooming of the gamebook among 21st-century Italian authors. These authors tend to borrow ideas mainly from foreign precedents rather than early Italian experiments, and they write for adults comprising the same readers who were young in the 1980s. The rich and developing world of the new Italian gamebooks is interpreted through the filter of three concepts: experiential nostalgia (which adds complexity to earlier models to ensure that now-adult readers face a comparable experience to the one they had back then); ironic homage (through which authors acknowledge their foreign models); and literary awareness (through the use of paratexts that frame their works as proper literary endeavors).

АНАЛИЗ ДЕЙСТВУЮЩИХ МЕТОДИК ОЦЕНКИ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ ТЕРРИТОРИИ

The article considers the concept of competitiveness of the region. The analysis of the methods used to assess the competi-tiveness of the territory, developed by both Russian and foreign authors, is carried out. A comparative analysis of the indicators was carried out, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each methodology were identified, which confirmed the relevance in the study of this topic and revealed the lack of a unified methodology for assessing the competitiveness of the territory.

КНИЖНАЯ РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ. ИЛЛЮСТРАТОР ВЛАДИМИР САЛЬНИКОВ (1948-2015)

Moscow artist Vladimir Salnikov, who would have been 75 in 2023, had a reputation of a remarkably versatile artist known not only for his works in easel painting and graphic art but also as a book designer and illustrator. From the early 1980s he had actively worked with such major publishing houses as Khudozhestvennaya Literatura (Literary Fiction), Sovetsky Pisatel (Soviet Writer), Detskaya Literatura (Children’s Literature), Progress, Kniga (Book), Malysh (Tiny Tot), to name a few. All in all, he had designed and illustrated some twenty books by Russian and foreign authors, including Saltykov-Schedrin, Mayakovsky, Beranger, Neruda, and many more. Salnikov’s illustrations are invariably distinguished for their high craftsmanship, inventive use of the entire range of monochrome and colorful techniques, a fine sense of visual art styles, and a deep perception of the literary text.

Analysis of prospects for the use of the terahertz frequency range for special purpose wireless communication networks.

Frequencies from 100 GHz to 3 THz are promising ranges for a new generation of wireless communication systems due to wide spectrum bands. These frequencies also offer the potential for revolutionary applications made possible by new thinking and advances in devices, circuits, software, signal processing and systems. But the transition to the real use of the terahertz range as a frequency resource in the provision of communication services for applications in special purpose wireless communication networks is accompanied by many problems of spectrum management, network analysis, design and optimization of the architecture of these networks. The novelty of this work is due to the fact that, despite the fact that in recent years a number of review publications by domestic and foreign authors have been published, but in the aspects of development and specifics of possible applications of wireless communication networks of the terahertz frequency range in solving problems with power structures and forces special operations were not considered. The authors focused special attention on highlighted domestic developments in the field of wireless access systems in the terahertz range. The purpose of the work is an analytical review of the features of the transition to the real use of the terahertz frequency range as a frequency resource in the provision of communication services by resource-intensive applications by wireless communication networks for promising applications in solving special problems by power structures. In the work, a systematic analysis and classification of the main areas of promising applications of wireless communication networks of the terahertz frequency range in solving problems by special-purpose power structures is made, and scientific research tasks are given for the transition to the real use of the terahertz frequency range as a frequency resource in the provision of communication services for special purpose applications. The author's proposals developed in this work for promising applications of terahertz communication networks by special operations forces or special purpose forces are the theoretical basis for creating a methodological apparatus for substantiating recommendations for the selection of promising applications when using terahertz communication networks by special operations forces when performing special purpose tasks.

Energy-saving technology of silicate pressed material with use of micro-porous silica-earth raw materials

Purpose. Research on the possibility of producing a silicate material that hardens under reduced parameters of autoclave processing, due to the introduction of natural zeolite into the raw material mixture. The methods. To solve the problems set in the work, following methods were used:generalization and analysis of theoretical and experimental data of domestic and foreign authors; analytical studies of raw materials (chemical, mechanical and physical-mechanical methods); laboratory experiment using physical and mechanical tests. The study of the properties of raw materials was carried out according to standardized methods. Findings. It has been proven that natural zeolite is an effective component of silicate pressed materials for reducing heat energy consumption during their autoclaving. It was established that with a low zeolite content, the compressive strength of lime-zeolite stone practically does not differ from the strength of limestone-sandstone. A study of the influence of the autoclave treatment regime on the strength of silicate pressed concrete, which was made using a lime-zeolite binder, was carried out. It has been experimentally confirmed that the strength-to-strength ratio of pressed silicate material on a lime-zeolite binder (compared to a similar pressed silicate material on a lime-sand binder) depends to a lesser extent on the water vapor pressure during autoclaving. The originality. The dependences of the compressive strength limit of samples-beams made of lime-zeolite binder at different mass ratios of lime:siliceous component, as well as the dependence of the compressive strength limit of silicate pressed materials on a lime-zeolite binder on water vapor pressure during autoclave processing. Practical implementation. The results of the research can be used at enterprises of the building materials industry in the production of silicate bricks. Replacing natural quartz sand with natural zeolite reduces the production cost of lime-zeolite binder, and the reduction of water vapor pressure during autoclaving of silicate pressed material on lime-zeolite binder reduces the consumption of high-value natural gas.

THE ROLE OF CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIBIOTIC-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA IN EARLY-AGED CHILDREN

Interest in studying the problem of diarrhea in children is due to their wide distribution (1-1.2 billion cases per year worldwide according to WHO, 2010), polyetiology, difficulty of differential diagnosis and tendency to acute and chronic course. In recent years, foreign and domestic authors have attached increasing importance to the so-called antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), components: 6-40% in the structure of intestinal diseases. In the etiological structure of AAD in young children, the share of C.difficile infection was 47%. A rusk factor for development is also combination therapy with antibiotics.