Foreign Analogues Research Articles

HFINZZ. DEVELOPMENT OF IMPORT-INDEPENDENT MECHANIZATION OF AGRICULTURE IN THE REPUBLIC IN TATARSTAN

Based on the researches, testing and implementation of modular-block cultivators, it was proposed to restore the agricultural machinery industry in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan for the development and production of field functional machines that are competitive on the world market. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing import-substituting equipment to eliminate food dependence, restore environmental balance, and guarantee healthy life support. (Materials and methods) The article presents the conditions for the import substitution of food and machinery: impeccable ecological quality without GMOs and chemicals; low cost with high profitability; guaranteed mass production, eliminating the need for imports, ensuring export; maximum introduction of organic farming, limiting the use of chemicals up to exclusion. The article proposes a methodology for implementing import-advanced technology. The technology of tillage and sowing has been developed with the possibility of application both in conditions of acute drought and waterlogging. (Results and discussion) Long-term laboratory, field, production and state tests of block-modular cultivators have shown high results in increasing crop yields and significantly reducing energy consumption for their cultivation. Authors created a frame structure consisting of sections-modules. The complexes of tillage and sowing equipment of Yaroslavl and Chelyabinsk productions based on light, high-energy, high-performance Belarusian tractors, replacing super-heavy imported tractors weighing up to 35 tons are described. (Conclusions) The domestic equipment created recently has officially confirmed high multiple operational advantages over the best foreign analogues: in terms of productivity up to 2 times (in all technologies up to 10.8 times), in terms of metal consumption up to 3-4 times, in terms of resource saving up to 4-5 times, in terms of price up to 7 times, in terms of yield and profitability up to 2 times in the production of up to 85 percent of baking organic wheat of third class and excluding the death of bees on rapeseed crops.

Конкурентоспособность экспорта высоких технологий российских предприятий малого и среднего бизнеса

The relevance of the article lies in the need to identify the competitive advantages of Russian small and medium-sized enterprises in the foreign markets of high-tech products as conductors of domestic goods abroad in the context of tightening Western sanctions. The subject of the study is approaches to establishing the competitiveness of exports of high—tech products of Russian small and medium-sized enterprises. The purpose of the work is to establish the main types of economic activities in which Russian small and medium—sized enterprises have competitive advantages and are able to compete with foreign analogues. The results of the study are presented, which make it possible to identify the structure of the necessary grant support for Russian small and medium-sized enterprises to enter the foreign market. Based on the methods of economic-statistical, comparative and graphical analysis, it has been established that the essential problem of supporting and financing the export activities of Russian small and medium-sized enterprises is not so much the lack of assistance provided by the state, as the undeveloped capital structure of organizations, distortions in the assessment of the current market value and capitalization in the case of initial public offerings. Based on the data obtained on the export operations of Russian small and medium-sized enterprises in the regional context, it is proved that during the period under review, state aid was concentrated in the leading most developed settlements of the Russian Federation. It is concluded that in order to stimulate the export of high-tech products of Russian small and medium-sized enterprises, it is necessary to diversify the regional financing system, attract exchange resources and external financing through initial public offerings, as well as balance the real value of material and intellectual assets of enterprises with their current market value..

Анализ возможности применения автоматических установок пожаротушения для электрооборудования под напряжением на объектах энергетики

Introduction. The article considers the possibility of solving the problem of using automatic fire extinguishing systems to extinguish electrical equipment under voltage in rooms with no people. Examples of fires at energy facilities in recent years are considered, as well as statistics of fires at transformers in the Russian Federation in the period from 2016 to 2021. The analysis of normative legal acts of the Russian Federation and foreign analogs is carried out. As a result of the analysis, the problem of using automatic fire extinguishing installations at energy facilities has been identified. Targets and goals. The purpose of the study is to analyze the possibility of using automatic fire extinguishing systems for live electrical equipment at energy facilities. During the study, the following tasks were set: - analysis of regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and international standards in the field of extinguishing Class E fires; - analysis of fire statistics at transformer substations in the Russian Federation in the period from 2016 to 2021; - development of the concept of a test bench to determine the leakage current through the jet of fire extinguishing agent from automatic fire extinguishing installations when extinguishing electrical equipment under voltage. Methods. When conducting a study on the use of automatic fire extinguishing installations for live electrical equipment at energy facilities, the analysis method was used. Results and its discussion. As a result of the study, the problem of rationing and the use of automatic fire extinguishing installations for electrical equipment under voltage in rooms with no people was identified. The concept of a test bench for determining the leakage current through a jet of fire extinguishing agent from automatic fire extinguishing installations when extinguishing live electrical equipment is proposed. Conclusions. During the study, it was revealed that international standards and norms in the Russian Federation diverge in the field of application of automatic fire extinguishing installations for live electrical equipment at power facilities, therefore, further research and development of the proposed test stand is necessary to determine the leakage current through the jet of fire extinguishing agent from automatic fire extinguishing installations, which will allow to explore the possibility of using various types of automatic fire extinguishing installations, with different types of fire extinguishing agents to eliminate fires in electrical equipment under voltage. Keywords: automatic fire extinguishing installations, fire electrical equipment, fire protection, transformer, test bench.

Competitiveness of Potato Varieties of Domestic Selection in Comparison with the Best Foreign Analogues

Competitiveness of Potato Varieties of Domestic Selection in Comparison with the Best Foreign Analogues

Алгебраические алгоритмы ЭЦП, основанные на трудности решения систем уравнений

Purpose of work is the development of post-quantum digital signature algorithms with comparatively small sizes of the public and secret keys and the signature. Research method is the use of a new concept for constructing signature algorithms on finite non-commutative associative algebras, which is distinguished by the multiple occurrences of the signature S in the power verification equation. A public key is generated in the form of a set of vectors every of which is calculated as the product of triples of secret vectors. With a special choice of these triples, it is possible to calculate a signature that satisfies the verification equation. Results of the study are two developed algebraic post-quantum digital signature algorithms of a new type, security of which is based on the computational difficulty of solving systems of many quadratic equations with many unknowns. The difference from the public-key algorithms of multivariate cryptography is that the system of quadratic equations is derived from the formulas for generating the public-key elements in the form of a set of vectors of m-dimensional finite non-commutative algebra with an associative vector multiplication operation. The said formulas define the system of n quadratic vector equations, which reduces to the system of mn quadratic equations over a finite field. Thanks to the “natural” mechanism for the occurrence of the specified system, it is set above the field, the order of which has a large size (97 and 129 bits). The used procedures for generating the public key and signature include the exponentiation operations to the degree of a large size (96 and 128 bits), which are performed over the elements of the secret (hidden) commutative group contained in the algebra. The signature is formed in the form of two elements: a randomizing natural number e and a “fitting” vector S. The signature authentication equation includes a multiple occurrence of the S element and every entry of the vector S is associated with the formation of a product that is exponentiated to a degree dependent on the value of the e element. A significant reduction in the size of public and secret keys and signatures has been achieved, as well as an increase in performance compared to foreign analogues, considered currently as basic algorithms for the adoption of post-quantum digital signature standards.

Структура и свойства промышленных полуфабрикатов из свариваемого коррозионностойкого алюминиевого сплава системы Al – Mg – Si – Cu

The results of comprehensive studies of a set of properties of experimental-industrial sheets and extruded profiles made of a new aluminum alloy V-1381 Al – Mg – Si – Cu systems (6xxxx series) are presented in the article. The alloy has shown high manufacturability in industrial production under extrusion, as well as in hot and cold rolling. Using the Thermo-Calc software package, the quenching mode of semi-finished products was selected, as well as the modes of artificial aging modes were investigated. It is shown that the alloy V-1381T1 is not inferior in its mechanical properties to the foreign analogue alloy AA6013, is characterized by a good combination of mechanical properties at room temperature (σu ≥ 380 MPa, σ0.2 ≥ 360 MPa, δ5 ≥ 13 %) and elevated temperatures, exceeds the widely used alloy D16chT in yield strength by 20%, while possessing a lower density, better corrosion resistance and ability to obtain welded joints. The new alloy V-1381 can be recommended for use in fuselage structural elements of aviation equipment, including replacing less corrosion-resistant non-welded alloys of the D16 type, which will increase the weight efficiency of the structure both due to increased strength and due to the replacement of riveted joints withwelded ones.

The technology of cleaning tubing from hydrate-resin-paraffin deposits

During the operation of oil and gas wells there is a constant decline in production. The reason may be various factors, such as the reduction of the internal space of the tubing due to the deposition of hydrate-paraffins, asphaltenes, resins and mineral salts. To prevent and clean these deposits, various control methods are used: the use of special coatings on the inner surface of the pipes, the introduction into the pumped stream of various chemical reagents, sonication, magnetic treatment, mechanical methods, etc. However, some of them are considered inefficient, economically unprofitable or quickly fail.That is why an improved design of a device for cleaning the inner surface of tubings of oil and gas wells was proposed. The device refers to the equipment of the oil and gas industry, namely as a mechanism for restoring the internal space of well pumps. Calculations for the design of cleaning devices for different diameters of tubing are given. Kinetic calculations of the movement of the cleaning mill in tubing pipes under the action of hydraulic forces were performed. Based on the obtained equations, in the process of design development, the dimensions and shapes of the working (main) and additional (reverse) cutters were calculated, the masses and strength characteristics of structural elements (pins, traverse, cable, bolted joints, etc.) were selected. Provided the necessary rigidity and reliability of the entire cleaning device. Thus, the proposed design developments in combination with the previously known will allow to obtain a new positive effect, which is to improve the quality of cleaning of tubing. Industrial tests of the developed design on objects showed significant advantages in comparison with domestic and foreign analogs.

Principles of the compilation of East-Podillia dialects

A key role of dialect dictionaries in the preservation of the national memory of the people and national moral values is emphasized in the paper. It has been stated that dialect vocabulary compiled in the dictionary is of great heuristic value, as it expresses a historical progress of the nation in its work, with customs and beliefs, the whole outlook in general, which is why it is a required source for the reconstruction of the ancient condition of a material and moral culture of native speakers.
 It has been found out that some specialists in dialectology-lexicography mark the registries of dialect words differently (dictionary, short dictionary, lexicon, vocabulary, materials for dictionary, small dictionary, etc.). Ukrainian dialect dictionaries were analyzed as to their completeness of vocabulary presentations, the coverage of dialect areas and some peculiarities of the representation of regional vocabulary in thematic dictionaries which contained the dialects of East Podillia.
 The purpose and the task of the compilation of the Dictionary of East-Podillia dialects as well as its format/size were defined. Foreign analogs of such creation, in particular Podillia ones, were noticed. The principles of the compilation of a multi-volume edition of the Dictionary of East-Podillia dialects according to the thematic groups were worked out.
 The importance of the Dictionary of East-Podillia dialects for Ukrainian language studies has been underlined, as it will become a profound source for further language research.

Technological Methods of Increasing the Resource and Efficiency of Fast-Wearing Working Bodies

The working bodies of tillage machines are operated in a soil abrasive environment and, due to wear, they change their shapes and sizes, which negatively affects tillage agrotechnical and energy indicators. The problem of increasing the durability and operability of the working bodies of tillage machines remains relevant. In particular, this is reflected in the reduced resource of serial tillage working bodies. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to ensure the increased durability and efficiency of agricultural machines. (Materials and methods) The downtime of agricultural machinery due to the failure of tillage working bodies negatively affect the efficiency of agricultural operations and entail up to 15-20 percent reduction in subsequent yields. The cost of purchasing and reinstalling spare parts is up to 18 percent in the structure of the cost of agricultural products. The most technological method of plasma-powder surfacing (hardening) has been used, which is up to two times more productive and 2.2-2.7 times more economical in comparison with the known technology of plasma surfacing in argon medium. The most high-strength (σВ at least 1600 megapascals) steels of the type 25XGTYUR, 30XGSA, 27XGR were selected for the manufacture of the developed tillage working bodies. (Results and discussion) Parts made of high-quality materials according to the created technology are not inferior in resource and wear resistance to the best foreign surfaced analogues, and non-melted imported products are 1.5-1.7 times superior. New materials and technological surfacing methods for strengthening domestic and import-substituting working bodies of agricultural machines allow, in terms of resource and operational indicators, to achieve a level of competitiveness with leading foreign manufacturers. (Conclusions) According to the «quality-price» criterion, new working bodies with reasonable materials, structural and technological parameters have a 1.5-2.5 times advantage over the best foreign analogues.

Design of an Autonomous Field Robot for Differentiated Application of Agrochemical Agents

The introduction of robotic devices into agricultural production processes makes it possible to increase the efficiency of work and the quality of the products and to ensure a new level of environmental safety. The need to develop this device is due to the economic inexpediency of using foreign analogues due to the low level of maintainability for domestic production, high maintenance costs, a narrow list of operations, and the lack of adaptation systems for a wide range of crops. (Research Purpose) The research purpose is in developing an autonomous robotic device for differentiated application of agrochemical agents in order to minimize their consumption, increase economic efficiency and environmental safety. (Materials and methods) The article presents the analyse of existing studies on monitoring of agricultural crops and fertilization and the requirements for the design of an autonomous robotic installation being created. There were conducted laboratory tests of a field robot model. (Results and discussion) The article describes a design of an autonomous field robot for differentiated application of agrochemicals designed for farms engaged in the crop sector. This device will allow performing a wide range of work, ranging from plant condition diagnostics to yield forecasting, reducing the proportion of human labour costs, improving environmental cleanliness and economic efficiency. It has been taken into account the features of the operation of the robotic vehicle in the field, the possibility of quick replacement of batteries, autonomy. During the design, the scope of robot application was expanded by installing additional actuators without replacing the control unit of the working body. (Conclusions) The system of guidance and differentiated application of agrochemical agents is applicable in the field.

Technical-criminal means of installation and fixation of drunk- ness in field

The current state of road safety in Ukraine cannot meet the demands of society. Daily reports of the state of traffic offences with serious consequences call for adequate measures to prevent them. There are several reasons for such offences, but one of the most important is the driving of vehicles by persons under the influence of drugs or alcohol. That’s why the article is devoted to the study of separate aspects of functioning of different technical devices, which helps finding drunk and drug addicted people and are made not only in Ukraine, but also imported. Authors analyzed modern methods and ways to discover and identify particular concentration of alcohol in the human body. Likewise, modern opportunities to carry out testing of the person on its biological liquids, like blood, urine, saliva, sweat, tear fluid, and in the air person exhales were considered.
 The different types of sensors equipped with modern breathalyzers have been studied and analyzed. Attention 
 is drawn to the need for regular checks on the quality and accuracy of such devices, as well as compliance with the algorithm provided for in the instructions for their calibration.
 Emphasis is placed on the expediency, taking into account the best practices of foreign analogues of the development of new domestic technical means of detection and quantification of the concentration of alcohol in the human body.
 The results of study which made showed the amount of problems, to which police can face during conduction driver examinations to determine the state of intoxication.
 Author’s suggestions and recommendations for improving the technical support of police officers in order to improve the process of establishing the facts of the driver in a state of intoxication in the field.

Production of fine-ground aluminas NK-Alumina 11 and NK-Alumina 14 for low-cement refractory castables

The characteristics of fine-ground aluminas NK-Alumina 11 and NK-Alumina 14, developed in JSC «PKF «NK», for low-cement refractory castables are presented. It is shown that the quality indicators of the developed aluminas are not inferior to foreign analogues.

DEVELOPMENT OF A DEVICE FOR AIR PURIFICATION IN WEAVING FACTORIES

The article discusses the issues of creating devices for cleaning the air of the spinning shop of a weaving factory. Of the previously considered, the authors prefer devices using the ozone method of air purification and disinfection. The ozonator device consists of an ozonizing element, including a corona and external electrodes, discharge chambers in the form of cylinders. The corona electrode has a diameter of 50-100 microns, which is an advantage compared to foreign analogues.

Инструменты и методы анализа усталостного многоциклового стохастического нагружения для оценки точности и надежности численных решений

The article presents methods of processing and the results of the analysis of the accuracy of solutions obtained when calculating the structure fatigue life in the case of random loading using domestic and foreign computer systems. Unlike foreign analogues, domestic software products for calculating the fatigue life of a product under random loading are based on the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation, which are proposed along with methods adopted abroad.

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ МОСКОВСКОГО МЕТРОПОЛИТЕНА В ПЕРИОД С 1935 ПО 2000ГГ.

For 200 years, the Metro has been carrying out most of the passenger traffic in large cities and metropolitan areas. The metro architecture embodies cultural ideals, historical milestones and the achievements of society in various fields. The metro is the transport frame of the city, participates in the formation of the urban ensemble. Sustainable development of the metro requires a comprehensive study of its architecture, analysis of domestic and foreign analogues: the prerequisites and chronology of metro development, identification of concepts, directions, principles and techniques of the architectural formation of metro objects. A systematic approach to architectural analysis and design of the metro, identifying the importance of the role of an architect allows to determine the prospects and vectors for the development of transport infrastructure, improve the quality and safety of passenger traffic, design energy-efficient, autonomous, economical, aesthetic and ergonomic metro stations. The high rates of modern metro design require the development of measures to preserve the unity of the metro lines and communication with the city space. Systematization and classification of trends in the development of metro architecture in the period from 1823 to 2000 will allow to determine the arsenal of architectural techniques, to develop urban planning approaches to the architectural solution of the stations

State geological mapping and domestic geographic information systems. Why import substitution is stalled in geology

The issues of import substitution of geoinformation systems used in the geological industry when creating sets of State geological maps of the scale of 1:1,000,000 and 1:200,000 are considered. The current state of the issue is described. Additional functionality is indicated, which is necessary for the construction and preparation for publication of digital models of the maps of the set. Examples of domestic GIS are given, which can replace the foreign analogues in use. The problems and difficulties arising in this case were revealed. The ways of their solution are suggested.

ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНИХ ФОНДІВ В УКРАЇНІ З ПОГЛЯДУ КОМПЛЕМЕНТАРНОГО ПЕНСІЙНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ГРОМАДЯН

The relevance and urgent need for the formation of complementary pension provision for the population in Ukraine has been determined. The complementary pension provision of the citizens of the country is considered as not at all implying the complete destruction of the existing solidarity pension system, but only the formation of additional mechanisms that make the pension provision of citizens generally successful even in the existing conditions. Such a mechanism can be a set of investment funds (joint investment institutions) in the country, which will add to the existing solidarity pension system elements of capital accumulation through the activation of investment processes. The purpose of the work was to determine the fundamental problems and prospects of Ukrainian investment funds (joint investment institutions) from the point of view of complementary pension provision for citizens in Ukraine. The purpose of the work was to determine the fundamental problems and prospects of Ukrainian investment funds (joint investment institutions) from the point of view of complementary pension provision for citizens in Ukraine. The article defines that the prerequisite for effective complementary provision is the optimal balance structure, which is similar to such better analogues as the Berkshire Hathaway and the Vanguard S & P 500 ETF. It is specified that the formation of a balance sheet structure in accordance with the best foreign analogues contradicts the current regulatory framework in the country, which is a fundamental problem in the formation of complementary pension provision on the basis of joint investment institutions. It is determined that the majority of investment funds existing in Ukraine in the form of joint investment institutions (ISI) under the current legislation are not able to provide a complementary pension for citizens of the country at a sufficient level of efficiency due to the impossibility of forming an optimal asset structure. The fundamental problem of ISI in the country is the legislative restrictions on the formation of the optimal structure of their balance. The optimal balance sheet structure of the investment fund, in particular assets (dominated by shares of the world’s leading companies) and liabilities (dominated by equity and raised funds by issuing bonds) is the basis for the effectiveness of complementary pension provision.

Our Experience in Applying the National Polymer Microshunt in Refractory Glaucoma Surgery

Purpose. To analyze the outcomes of the national polymer microshunt implantationin refractory glaucoma surgery and to show its efficacy and safety.Patients and methods. We analyzed the results of treatment of 90 patients (90 eyes) with refractory glaucoma. All patients were divided into two groups: main group and comparison group. The patients in the main group (44 eyes) were implanted with the national polymer microshunt (Reper-NN). The patients in the comparison group (46 eyes) were implanted with Ex-PRESS. Control criteria in the postoperative period included visometry, tonometry by Maklakov, computed perimetry. The examinations were performed preoperatively, at discharge, in a month, in six months and later postoperatively.Results. When implanting the national polymer microshunt we reached the significant decrease in the intraocular pressure in the postoperative period in comparison with the preoperative level. The implantation outcomes of the national polymer microshunt and Ex-PRESS were comparable in efficacy and safety. The easy implantation and special construction of the national polymer microshunt provided with the sufficient efficacy and safety in refractory glaucoma surgery and allowed recommending its further application in the clinical practice.Conclusion. The use of Reper-NN microshunt is effective and safe method of treating refractory glaucoma. The implantation of this shunt may be the method of choice both in primary and secondary refractory glaucoma surgery. The least price of Reper-NN microshunt in comparison with the foreign analogue allows this surgery to be more available for patients with refractory glaucoma.

Брахитерапия локализованного рака предстательной железы отечественными источниками I-125: собственный опыт Национального медицинского исследовательского центра радиологии

Introduction. One of the effective and minimally invasive methods prostate cancer treatment is interstitial radiation therapy, the essence of which is the implantation of radioactive microsources into the tumor tissue. Brachytherapy of prostate cancer is performed in more than 20 clinics in the Russian Federation using mainly foreign microsources, but their high cost does not allow increasing the number of operations and opening new brachytherapy departments in the Russian Federation. Based on the model of foreign microsources such as seed No. 6711 (Nicomed Amersham), a technology for the manufacture of microsources with iodine-125 (IPPE SEED) has been developed at the State Research Center of the Russian Federation - IPPE, as well as a pilot production facility with a capacity of up to 50 thousand items per year. Materials and methods. In order to assess the safety of microsources for medical personnel during brachytherapy, local dosimetric control was carried out. As part of a clinical study in 2015, 36 patients with stage T1 – T2 prostate cancer underwent low-power brachytherapy using domestic microsources. Results. The obtained values of absorbed doses do not differ within the limits of measurement errors from the values of doses determined during the operation with foreign microsources under similar conditions. It follows from the data obtained that even the maximum values of the measured local absorbed doses do not pose a radiation hazard when using IPPE SEED microsources for brachytherapy. Among the treated patients, adverse reactions were in the expected manifestations of grade 1 dysuria according to the RTOG / EORTC classification. No gastrointestinal toxicity has been reported. Patient monitoring was continued in order to obtain long-term results of treatment. PSA disease-free survival at 5-year follow-up was 94.4%. Discussion. Clinical trials of Russian medical devices have demonstrated their safety for patients and medical personnel, which was proved by conducting dosimetry control during the procedure itself, as well as during examination of patients after brachytherapy. The effectiveness of Russian microsources I-125 during low-power brachytherapy is demonstrated by a decrease in PSA level from baseline by 87% at a follow-up period of 6 months. The disease-free survival rate for 5 years was 94.4%. The absence of significant radiation reactions both in the early and in the late postoperative period is important. The low cost of microsources produced by JSC «SSC RF – IPPE» relative to foreign analogs makes it possible to increase the number of operations performed annually, and also gives prospects for opening new divisions performing interstitial radiation therapy operations. Conclusions. Russian microsources «IPPE SEED» have successfully passed clinical trials, during which their effectiveness and safety were proved. The study also demonstrated high rates of relapse-free survival and a low level of adverse reactions in treated patients.

Work process control mechanisms of diesel engine

The article discusses the issue of reducing the specific fuel consumption and improving the environmental performance of internal combustion engines by changing the working process to obtain high-quality and timely heat release as a result of fuel combustion. The purpose of workflow control is to create favorable conditions for fuel ignition. The ways of occurrence of ignition centers in the combustion chamber are considered. The main periods of fuel supply, the duration of ignition depending on the lag time, the combustion process, the influence of the fuel supply advance angle on the environmental parameters of the engine are highlighted. The possibility of controlling the working process during the preparation of the beginning of combustion is substantiated and examples of mechanisms of domestic and foreign analogs that provide control of the working process are given. Conclusion - high performance management of the workflow is provided by the electronic control system - common rail, despite the widespread use of mechanical methods.