Foreign Academics Research Articles

Infrastructures in migration: Mobile foreign academics in China and the ‘everyday’, ‘agency’ and ‘arrival’ focus

Drawing on ethnographic research on foreign scholars working at Sino-foreign universities (SFUs), this paper explores how both migration infrastructures ‘from the above’ and those embodied in more mundane and quotidian ways intimately affect the lived experiences and moving processes of mobile individuals. With an analysis of the facilitating and constraining effects of migration infrastructures, the paper asks how different kinds of infrastructural operations help individuals accumulate capital as much as they produce challenges and uncertainties in their lives. Particularly, the paper also asks how these academic migrants exercise agency to reconstruct and extend their infrastructural surroundings, in order to overcome the infrastructural barriers and mitigate the sense of precariousness they encounter across their move. In doing so, this paper contributes to the literature on migration infrastructure both empirically and theoretically, by focusing not only on the infrastructures but also the infrastructural experiences and infrastructural agency amongst highly-skilled migrant individuals in the context of the receiving country. Essentially, this paper demonstrates that mobile individuals do not simply pass through or passively undertake migration infrastructures, but instead, they can actively reconfigure and mobilise their infrastructural terrains, thus reshaping their biographies, social worlds and subjectivities.

An Affair with a Village – Joy Hendry

Joy Hendry is today a leading Japanese studies scholar and anthropologist, recompensed with the Order of the Rising Sun, who founded and presided over several major research associations over the past decades. However, at the time this story starts (as it is a story Hendry is writing in this book), she is a young woman starting her fieldwork for a doctorate. She had mastered the Japanese language already, but many aspects of Japanese daily life, especially in a retired rural area such as the small village of Kurotsuchi (Kyushu), elude her – as it did for most foreign academics in the 1970s. Written during lockdown due to the pandemic, Hendry narrates [...]

Effective Management of Crisis Communications

In a view of the fact that in modern realities of post-industrial information society, the share of intangible assets in the companies' value has significantly increased. The monetized value of an organization's reputation is a part of such assets which is mainly determined by external communications had arised an issue of ensuring reputation security that has become especially relevant. One of justifications for need to apply crisis communication management is also changed direction of modern business. The reason for the change in modern concepts of effective business management was the new criteria for the service sector efficiency, which is a consequence of intense competition inherent in this highly profitable field of activity, which increases the importance of reputation issues. In turn, the abstract concept of a company's reputation is formed by specific parameters that are important for target audiences and are expressed in the numerical characteristics of the value of intangible assets. Considering the fact that intangible assets often make up a significant part of the companies' value and determine their financial performance, the issues of managing the value of these assets represent one of the most responsible tasks of modern management. There is a definition of the concepts of crisis, crisis communication and communication management as an integral component of crisis management of an organization is given in the terminology of leading Russian and foreign academics. The paper shows the successful result which is critically dependent on communication management effectiveness. Thus, the subject of the study is crisis communication management; the goal is to build a model for analyzing the effectiveness of managing crisis communications. The achieving method of that is to use a mathematical apparatus similar to the apparatus of multi-discriminant analysis (MDA) of Professor Edward Altman. The scientific novelty consists in the application of numerical methods for analyzing the effectiveness of crisis communications, and the result is in describing a model for analyzing the effectiveness of managing crisis communications. The use of the model for analyzing effectiveness of crisis communication management would provide an organization with the opportunity not to lose the achieved level of capitalization, provided that the reputation/communication component is effectively used in its crisis management.

Generalities on legal regulation of cartel agreements

This article provides an overview of the evolution of competition and competition law, both in the Republic of Moldova and in some European and US countries. Also, the paper crystallizes the conceptual approaches on cartels and offers an analysis of the doctrine of the Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russia, France, Germany, USA, Great Britain regarding cartel agreements. Following the analysis carried out in this paper, it was observed that the contribution of foreign academics in the field of defining and classifying cartel agreements is substantial, and the jurisprudence of the European Commission and the European Court of Justice has served as a source of inspiration and progress for the academic environment, as well as for the development of competition on the market. Although in the Republic of Moldova there is limited research in the field of cartel agreements, it is gratifying that the legislation is harmonized with European directives, and the doctrine is developed starting from the most important international research in the field of protection of competition.

International experience of citizen engagement in prevention of criminal offences

The objective of the article is to study the international experience of involving citizens in the prevention and fight against crime. The research methodology includes the following legal, general, and special methods: logical method, hermeneutic method, monographic method, comparative legal method, sociological methods, abstract-logical method. The views of Ukrainian and foreign academics on the problem of involving citizens in cooperation with the police to prevent and combat crime are examined. It analyses the experience of individual countries around the world on the peculiarities of involving citizens in crime prevention. It examinesin detail the practice of cooperation of citizens with the police of countries such as the United States, Great Britain, Germany, and a few others. To achieve this objective, the relevant government and regional programmes of these states were studied and the necessary data analyzed. It is concluded that they haveidentified circumstances that prevent the participation of the population in cooperation with the police in Ukraine. As a result, they suggest appropriate ways to solve these problems.

РЕЦ. НА КН.: В СПЕКТРЕ АДЕКВАТНОСТИ: К 60-ЛЕТИЮ И.А. ЕСАУЛОВА: СБ. СТАТЕЙ

The festschrift for professor I.A. Esaulov on his 60th birthday contains numerous articles written by Russian and foreign academics and related to the researcherʼs range of interests in the fields of theoretical and historical poetics. The concept of the spectrum of adequacy in the interpretation of literary works implies a multiplicity of interpretations within the boundaries of many adequate readings dictated by the work itself, the type of culture and the axiology of the author. This approach to literature unites the articles included in the festschrift.

Case Studies in the Research Process Related to Management Sciences

Purpose: The aim of the article was to diagnose the impact of the use of case studies on the analysis of the research problem by verifying a set hypothesis. Design/methodology/approach: The verification was carried out through the performance of quantitative research by means of a questionnaire. The survey questionnaire was addressed to the theoreticians of management sciences. The survey questionnaire, used for carrying out the research, was distributed among the target group comprising: - 93 domestic universities, - 2307 domestic academics, - 272 foreign universities, - 21024 foreign academics. Findings: In conclusion, it should be pointed out that the usefulness of case studies is limited to a certain type of hypotheses being tested and is gradual, and that their application should be the second or third choice within the research strategy rather than the first. The conclusions from the analysis of the research results clearly confirm that: the case study provides an opportunity to analyse the research problem in depth. Moreover, qualitative methods in research processes should be supported by case studies. Research limitations/implications: It should be pointed out that case studies also have their limitations, e.g.: they are related to the research objectives to which case studies can be applied. Practical implications: The essence of the case study is determined by the use of exploratory methods that will allow an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under consideration. Neither the size nor the given characteristics of the object are relevant here since the research subject can be a single decision, process, cluster or the whole country. Social implications: Generalizations, which are among the most creative elements of case studies, require an ability to think synthetically, a lot of intellectual effort and a deep understanding of the problem being analysed; Originality/value: The conclusions of the literature analysis and own research unanimously confirm that: • He case study provides an opportunity for an in-depth analysis of the research problem, • Qualitative methods in research processes should be accompanied by case studies.

Turkey is a Paradise for Foreign Academics Who Have No Better Place to Go’: The structure of transnational academic mobility towards Turkey

Transnational academic mobilities are on the rise globally. While most of these mobilities are directed towards developed countries, it is seen in the recent years that the number of academics who have moved to developing countries increased also. One of these countries is Turkey. This study discusses the socio-spatial outlook of transnational academic mobility in Turkey. This discussion is divided into these four themes which were put forward by Terri Kim (2009) in order to understand the pattern of transnational academic mobility: Who moves (1), what kind of information they act on (2), where they move (3) and what influences these mobilities (4). Information obtained from CoHE (the Council of Higher Education in Turkey), curriculum vitae of academics and in-depth interviews with academics were used within the scope of the study. The findings of the study showed that in most universities, nationality, religion and gender are taken into consideration before the qualification processes of foreign academics. In general, those who come from developed countries are employed by private universities whereas those who come from countries that are less developed than Turkey are employed by public universities. Most of the academics are employed in temporary positions and the academic expectation from them are limited to the lectures which they give frequently. This situation decreases the transnationalization of higher education by employing foreign academics (macro level); increases the attractiveness of Turkey for the academics who are under the stress of academic performance (meso level) and causes it to become ethnic clustering in many cities (micro level).

Program-Based Approach to the Industrial Policy Implementation in the Russian Far East: Efficiency and Limitations

The article analyzes the issues of industrial policy development in the Russian Far East. The development projects and programs implemented in the Far East region are reviewed. The works of Russian and foreign academics examining the project-oriented, program-based, and system approaches to the industrial policy implementation served as a theoretical background. The research methodology is based on the systematization of factors, measures and instruments enabling an assessment of the nature and probability of achieving the main results, as well as the potential consequences of applying various approaches to the industrial policy implementation in the Russian Far East. The conditions of the industrial policy implementation are analyzed. The effects of various approaches on the industrial capacity building in the Far Eastern region are specified. Priority focus of various approaches to the industrial policy implementation in the Russian Far East are defined, their means of accounting for the region-specific factors is determined. It was established that the industrial policy of the Russian Far East is limited to several key export orientation areas.

Polskie badania botaniczne i mykologiczne w Karpatach Wschodnich do roku 1918. Zarys problematyki

Polish Botanical and Mycological Research in Eastern Carpathians up to 1918. An Outline As shown in the presented material, the contribution of Polish botanists into a scientific research on flora and fungi of Eastern Carpathians up to 1918 was significant. In spite of very limited funds, extremely difficult and undeveloped terrain and difficulties in organising fieldwork, a more or less advanced research had been conducted. They resulted in the publication of some high level scientific papers usually printed in the journals of the Cracow Scientific Society and then the Academy of Learning. The input of the Botanical Section of the Physiographical Commission of the Academy of Learning should be underlined as well. Researchers related to those institutions have greatly enhanced the knowledge of plants and fungi of the discussed region, thus vastly contributing to both Polish and European academic achievement. It should also be noted that except for Polish researchers, the issue of botanic research in Eastern Carpatians within the discussed period has also been dealt with by foreign academics from: Austria, Germany, Hungary.

Using Narratives to Understand the Experience of Career Success amongst Self-initiated Expatriates in South Africa

Calls have been made within the careers literature for studies focusing on the career experiences of sample groups often neglected in theorising. One could regard self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) as one of these sample groups, especially within the context of a developing country. An interpretivist paradigm, relying on interviews, was adopted for this study using a sample of 25 expatriates working at a South African university. Based on data generated, career success was framed through: 1) quest for career progression; 2) material possessions; and 3) research publication output. Participants deemed factors within the organisation as key to this framing of career success, particularly: 1) the value placed on social networks; 2) the quest for fair remuneration; and finally 3) the availability of opportunities within the organisation. In their endeavours to retain and attract foreign academics, human resources (HR) practitioners can use the findings of this study to inform strategies that assist in developing their staff.

The work, goals, challenges, achievements, and recommendations of orphan medicinal product organizations in India: an interview-based study

BackgroundOrphan medicinal products (OMPs) are intended for the diagnosis, prevention, management or treatment of rare diseases (RDs). Each RD affects only a small fraction of the population, and therefore, historically, industry hesitated to undertake relevant research and development (R&D). In response, the governments of many countries came up with orphan drug policies and RD policies which were hugely successful in incentivizing companies to do so. In India, in the absence of any such policy until recently, there are very few organizations involved in RD R&D.ObjectivesWe wished to understand (i) the OMP Organizations’ (OMPOs’) areas of work and the nature of their work, (ii) their goals, (iii) the challenges they faced and how they were overcoming them, (iv) their achievements, and (v) their recommendations to the government to help their R&D, their success as commercial entities (where applicable), and patients’ access to their products or services.ResultsTen of the 14 OMPOs are companies, whereas four are not-for-profit organizations. Almost all of the OMPOs are heavily into R&D. Six have already made their products or services available to patients. Four plan to out-license their products after the pre-clinical phase or phase 1 trials, eight plan to cater to patients directly and two of the OMPOs have been established only recently and thus do not yet have any product or service to offer patients. Nine OMPOs import about 90% of the components in the production process, which comprises either capital or recurrent expenditure. For most, locally manufactured alternatives are not available or are of inadequate quality. Most of the OMPOs have had productive collaborations with local or foreign academics or hospitals for R&D, animal efficacy studies, clinical trials or providing services to patients. The main challenges for the OMPOs are the lack of adequate funding, supportive government policies, and a conducive ecosystem.ConclusionsThese OMPOs are pioneers in their respective fields in India, and despite the challenges, have achieved new levels of innovation. With suitable government policies, they could scale up and provide relevant products and services to the large number of RD patients in the country whose medical needs are largely unmet.

Three Eras of Indonesian Arts Diplomacy

Abstract Sukarno took a personal interest in using the arts for presenting Indonesia in a positive light. He oversaw cultural missions abroad and produced ‘cultural events’ that showed off his grace and charisma on the dance floor to overseas guests. While Soeharto showed little interest in the arts, new modes of arts diplomacy flourished during the New Order—scholarships for foreigners to study arts, artists in residence at Indonesian embassies, large-scale festivals aiming to facilitate artistic exchange and encourage foreign investments, to name but a few. In Indonesia today, arts diplomacy is represented by its own sub-directorate in the Ministry of Education and Culture. Indonesia is promoting itself through collaborations between Indonesian governmental agencies and professional, international producing bodies, galleries, and festivals. Cultural Houses are being built in key cities abroad, along with a nationwide platform for international festivals, Indonesiana. ‘Indonesianists’, including foreign academics and students of the arts, are being recruited to promote Indonesia abroad.

What’s in a face? The impact of nonlinguistic ‘ethnic’ facial features on accent perception

ABSTRACTSociolinguistic research on language attitudes has revealed that non-standard accented speakers are usually perceived more negatively than members of the dominant speech community. Few studies, however, have examined whether a speaker’s ethnicity, evidenced by nonlinguistic factors such as appearance, may play a role in listeners’ perception of accent. This project is based on studies by Rubin (1992. “Nonlanguage factors affecting undergraduates’ judgments of nonnative English-speaking teaching assistants.” Research in Higher Education 33 (4): 511–531. http://www.jstor.org/stable/401960471992) investigating perceptions of foreign academics by undergraduate students in the US. In those studies, participants listened to a short lecture presented with a projection of either a Caucasian or a Chinese face and completed a listening comprehension test and a speakers’ evaluation rating scale. Unknown to the participants, the recording was produced by a single standard American-English speaker. Participants exposed to the Chinese face perceived a non-standard accent and rated the speaker more negatively than those exposed to the Caucasian face. Our present study extends Rubin (1992) by examining data collected through an online survey from languages and linguistics university students in Australia. Unlike Rubin’s (1992) findings, this study found no statistically significant differences between responses based on exposure to a Chinese or Caucasian face, a fact that could be attributed primarily to the multilingual and multicultural composition of Australian universities.

Improve the Ranking of Arab Universities in the World Universities Rankings

The race to compete in the world rankings of universities is one of the most important priorities of scientific universities in recent times. The purpose of this paper is to reduce waste or losses of Arab scientific research outputs to a minimum and optimize the utilization of these outputs, which will positively affect the degree of ranking of Arab universities in the world ranking. The method used in this paper is as follows: statistical parametric theory, testing hypotheses and T-test. The most important conclusions reached through this paper are: The findings indicate that the weaknesses of the Arab universities are concentrated on the lack of scientific research published in the databases adopted in the world rankings of universities. The number of published world research and the number of quotations compared to the number of academics affect significantly and directly on the degree and rank of Arab universities when compared to world universities, The Arab journals should be re-habilitated to ensure that they are included in the Scopus database, and calculate all Arab researches publishing in the databases approved in the world ranking as described in the plan of improvement and approved by the Union of Arab Universities. And Establishing a partnership between International and local universities in the field of innovation. Furthermore, encouraging, holding an annual specialized forum for Arab with foreign academics.

The Role of International Academic Professionals in the Development of Entrepreneurial Universities in South Africa: Government Funded Universities Perspective

There is a wide belief and acceptance from leading government and business experts that small enterprises and entrepreneurship are the key components to unemployment and poverty alleviation in any country. Unfortunately, high unemployment levels, low entrepreneurial activity and high small business failure rate have become the main characteristics of the South African economy. Post-school education is partially blamed for the dropping levels of entrepreneurial activities in the country. South Africa’s tertiary education system continues to focus on producing job-seekers instead of job creators. This problem has forced South African Universities to explore more on their potential of becoming more entrepreneurial, but lack of academics in the field of entrepreneurship has been found to be a hindrance to success in this agenda. To avert this obstacle, it is reiterated that internationalisation is key to any university entrepreneurship strategy, and therefore universities are encouraged to internationalise through attracting international entrepreneurial staff. The purpose of this literature review paper is twofold. The first part explores the role played by international academic professionals in the establishment of entrepreneurial universities in South Africa, while the second aims at evaluating the state of entrepreneurship development in higher education and the potential of South African universities becoming more entrepreneurial. The study employs both quantitative and qualitative research techniques (mixed method). The study reveals that South African universities should internationalise if they are to succeed in the entrepreneurial strategy. In addition, it is found that foreign academics have the required skills and bring in the diverse expertise needed for the establishment of entrepreneurial universities. Moreover, the presence of international academics has enhanced entrepreneurship mindset of local staff and students. It is recommended that universities should establish entrepreneurial institutes which are affiliated to them in order to drive this initiative and that the establishment of entrepreneurial universities is the way to go in South Africa if the country is to beat poverty and unemployment.

Programas de atracción de académicos: Los casos del Subprograma de Cátedras Patrimoniales en México y del Programa Prometeo en Ecuador

El estudio se centra en las experiencias de académicos/as extranjeros/as que participaron en dos programas de atracción de personal calificado, uno en México, Subprograma de Cátedras Patrimoniales (1991-2002), y otro en Ecuador, el Programa Prometeo (2008-2014). Analizamos de manera general los contextos, la implementación y los canales institucionales de difusión de los programas en el marco de los gobiernos y políticas de ambos países. En el estudio se identificaron a dichos programas como políticas innovadoras, sin embargo también se advirtió que los intereses del grupo de académicos en acogerse a sus beneficios se debió a una salida laboral para paliar la crisis económica y la falta de inversión en ciencia y tecnología en sus lugares de origen, más que a una demanda de México y Ecuador en pos de la internacionalización de su Educación Superior.

A Study on Aspects of the Korean Writing Task Representation for the Foreign Academic Purpose Learners.

A Study on Aspects of the Korean Writing Task Representation for the Foreign Academic Purpose Learners.

Ethics Abroad: Fieldwork in Fragile and Violent Contexts

ABSTRACTThe diversity of political spaces, availability of cheap labor, ease of access to powerful figures, and safety net of a foreign passport attract researchers to the developing world. However, environments of extreme state weakness and ongoing conflict permit research behavior that would be frowned on in the global north. We suggest that weak regulatory authority in conflict-affected states offers foreign academics opportunities that are not available when states have greater reach or capacity. Qualitative researchers may find requests to interview victims or perpetrators of wartime violence granted with ease. Experimenters can coerce under-resourced NGOs to pursue interventions at odds with their organizational mandates. We posit that conflict contexts can constitute permissive environments in which researchers can engage in conduct that would be considered deeply problematic at home. Because studying political violence can require firsthand research on aspects of political life not easily observed elsewhere, this article offers a set of guidelines to foster more ethical and responsible research practices.

Минобрнауки России как организатор международных программ внешней академической мобильности

The experience of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia in implementing international programmes of foreign academic mobility in 2014- 2017 is analyzed. Based on the data of the Interphysica Federal state-financed organization, trends in the number of programme participants over the past three years are reviewed.