Market Forces Research Articles

Contingent gender gap: a cross-national study of female attitudes toward economic globalization

This article examines the contingent differences between female and male attitudes towards economic globalization. Although global market forces provide more employment opportunities for women, gender inequalities persist and systematically disadvantage women in the workplace and society. I argue that whether women, relative to men, are more pro or anti-globalization depends on a country’s degree of modernization. Long-term economic development contributes to self-expression, emancipative and postmaterialist cultures which socialize women to stand for egalitarian and redistributive policies that promote their rights. In postindustrial knowledge societies, women are thus more economically left-leaning and anti-market/globalization than their male counterparts. However, the attitudinal gender gap is much narrower or reversed in low-income countries characterized by low living standards and patriarchal societal norms. Analyses of the Pew Global Attitudes Project Survey, World Values Survey and Asian Barometer Survey lend empirical support to the contingent differences between women and men in globalization attitudes.

Spatial Reconstruction and Determinants of Industrial Land in China’s Urban Expansion: A Theoretical Framework

The evolution of industrial land layout is a significant feature of changes in urban land use types during rapid urbanization. However, the theoretical studies investigating the evolution mechanism behind industrial land are scarce. This study developed a dynamic theoretical framework examining the relationship between government and market forces. Furthermore, this study examined the determinants of industrial land evolution in Xi’an from 1994 to 2019 by using a logistic regression model. The results showed that industrial land area increased from 55.02 km2 to 126.63 km2 from 1994 to 2013 but later rapidly reduced to 106.61 km2 in 2019. The spatial distribution of industrial land exhibited significant deindustrialization and suburbanization during park-orientated agglomeration and showed a shift from large-area small-patch to multi-center large-patch agglomeration. Factors such as development zone policies, land prices, agglomeration benefits, land supply, and transportation infrastructure are key determinants of suburbanization, while land prices and agglomeration benefits are key determinants of deindustrialization. This study reveals the mechanisms driving industrial land evolution and offers guidance in improving the rationality of urban land layout and achieving industry–city integration.

The persistence of swidden cultivation and upland autonomy in Laos

ABSTRACT Historically, swidden cultivation has been practiced sustainably in upland Southeast Asia. However, it has been condemned by governments as environmentally destructive and impoverishing, leading to a general decline. Nonetheless, swidden continues to be practiced in many upland regions such as northern Laos. The persistence of swidden can be understood as a practice of autonomy in relation to state and market forces. Economically, swidden enables farmers to strategically manage their engagement with market forces. Politically, swiddeners navigate, avoid, and even contest government land and forest policies. Territorially, swidden can defend upland spaces from encroachment by other groups and the state.

Impact of Technological Innovation on Global Crop Export Trade: The Example of Innovation in GM Technology

ABSTRACTBiological breeding technology is a significant scientific and technological innovation in the world. It is also a crucial strategic plan in China's efforts to improve its seed industry. This paper examines the impact of transgenic technology on global crop export trade since its introduction in the production field. The study analyzed the binary marginal data of genetically modified (GM) soybean technological innovation and export in 41 countries worldwide from 2002 to 2012. The analysis utilized a panel regression model. The results indicate that GM technological innovation has a significant and positive association with the intensive margin of soybean export growth. However, it has an insignificant effect on the export extensive margin. The impact of GM technological innovation on the export extensive margin of different crops is heterogeneous. The cultivation of GM crops (GMOs) has been found to have a nonsignificant impact on food crops like soybeans and corn but a positive and significant impact on industrial commodity crops such as cotton. Furthermore, additional analyses indicate that the policy of planting GMOs has a positive moderating effect on technological innovation that affects the export‐intensive margin while having a negative moderating effect on technological innovation that acts on the export‐extensive margin. Technological innovation affects market forces and impacts the intensive margin of export growth. The global trade of crops has been driven by innovations in genetically modified technology. Policy support and market power have also played a significant role in the success of each country.

Eco-Labelling of Products as a Tool for Environmental Protection

The increasing awareness of environmental degradation has led to a growing demand for sustainable products, prompting the adoption of eco-labelling as a pivotal tool for environmental protection. This article aims to examine eco-labelling's multifaceted role in fostering environmentally responsible consumer choices and incentivising businesses to embrace sustainable practices. By providing a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles and mechanisms underlying eco-labelling, the paper explores how these labels communicate vital information about a product's ecological impact to consumers. Drawing insights from case studies and existing frameworks, the article evaluates the effectiveness of various eco-labelling programs in influencing consumer behaviour and steering market forces toward sustainability. However, it also addresses challenges such as greenwashing and the lack of standardised criteria, proposing potential solutions to enhance the credibility and transparency of eco-labels. Furthermore, the discussion encompasses the regulatory landscape and industry collaboration, emphasising the crucial role of government policies and collective efforts in fortifying the success of eco-labelling initiatives. In conclusion, the article asserts that eco-labelling is a dynamic force for environmental protection, urging continuous research, collaboration, and refinement to solidify its impact on shaping a more sustainable and eco-conscious marketplace.

Urban regeneration in Mexico city's historic center in the 21st century

Mexico City has experienced significant revitalization in a few major areas over the first two decades of the twenty-first century. During the past 25 years, this process has been accompanied by social, economic, and urban shifts. Numerous urban initiatives have included housing, transportation, cultural institutions, urban infrastructure, and numerous other public buildings in an effort to reverse the urban deterioration that was present in different areas of the city. Without a doubt, the city's historic center is the most crucial location for urban regeneration. The purpose of this article is to examine the physical urban changes that have occurred in the historic center over the years, with a focus on the various actors and their initiatives that have been involved in initiating and managing the regeneration processes. It accomplishes this by looking at government records, books, and site observations. In addition to showing how important urban physical changes have contributed to the historic center's urban recovery, this study also draws attention to the divergent local and external viewpoints and aspects that have shaped the regeneration's outcomes. Urban regeneration processes are influenced by global market forces in a variety of ways to meet economic interests, but local forces can also be very significant in opposing and diverting these efforts to propel regeneration in the direction of the demands of the local community.

The scale question as an urban question: The making of homo urbanicus amid state entrepreneurialism

This research bridges two influential strands of literature on urban China—state entrepreneurialism and homo urbanicus (城市人). By revisiting how China’s post-reform urban transformation has unfolded and connecting it to current development strategies, this research provides a fresh perspective on the country’s urbanization processes and their implications for future governance. The analysis proposes an alternative periodization of three phases: anti-migration urbanism, anti-settlement urbanism, and anti-civitas urbanism. Beyond understanding urbanization as a crisis-driven, state-rescaling phenomenon pivoting around the blending of state and market forces, this research repositions the concept of homo urbanicus, or the urban citizen, as central to understanding the urban question in China’s governance strategies. The study urges scholars to reconsider urbanization not only as a structural transformation but as a transformative redefinition of citizenship critical to understanding China’s ongoing drive to “people-centered urbanzation”.

Repurposed churches: an analysis through secularisation theory and the core-periphery model

This study examines the repurposing of Anglican churches in the United Kingdom by integrating the core-periphery model developed by Friedmann and Krugman (UK) into secularisation theory, exploring how religious, cultural, and secular uses reflect broader social changes. With declining church attendance, many buildings are repurposed as homes, cultural monuments, or worship spaces for other faiths, such as free churches or mosques. The theory is tested by comparing several possible reuses for closed Anglican churches in the UK: conversion into homes, monuments, or mosques. The method utilised is a literature review, using data from local newspapers and reports by the Church of England and bodies responsible for monument protection. The result is a multi-dimensional approach similar to Wohlrab-Saar & Burchardt’s concept of multiple secularities, capable of assessing both the conversion of a sacred space into a profane space (a privatised or commercial actor, a public or a cultural space) and the transformation of a Christian/Anglican sacred space into a Muslim or free church sacred space. The findings indicate that many churches have been repurposed into homes and mosques, showing that market forces and individualisation have replaced religion and also revealing the emergence of diverse religious forms. This multidimensional approach suggests a pluralistic view of secularization, where secular and religious expressions co-exist and evolve in contemporary society.

Driving Competitive Advantage in the Digital Era: The Role of Dynamic Capabilities, Innovation, and Leadership

This investigation seeks to offer a thorough examination of the scholarly literature concerning the interrelationships among dynamic capabilities, innovation, leadership, organizational agility, knowledge management, and digital transformation in attaining enduring competitive advantage. A methodical review encompassing 120 academic works was undertaken, consolidating crucial insights into how dynamic capabilities enable organizational adaptation to shifting market dynamics and technological advancements. The analysis centre’s on the interaction between innovation, agility, leadership, and knowledge management in cultivating competitive advantage. The results suggest that entities prioritizing innovation and flexible structures are more adept at addressing disruptive market forces. Moreover, transformational leadership is instrumental in fostering an environment of ongoing improvement and knowledge dissemination, subsequently enhancing organizational efficacy. The synergy of these elements substantially contributes to the efficacy of digital transformation initiatives and sustained competitive advantage. This study emphasizes the significance of nurturing dynamic capabilities, promoting innovation, and employing leadership approaches that encourage agility and knowledge sharing in propelling successful digital transformation. Organizations may leverage these findings to harmonize their strategies for navigating the intricacies of contemporary business landscapes. This scholarly work provides a sophisticated comprehension of the interconnections between dynamic capabilities, innovation, leadership, and digital transformation. It accentuates the pivotal function of these factors in securing a competitive position within swiftly evolving markets.

Peranan Kekuatan Pasar dalam Penetapan Harga dan Kemajuan Teknologi

Market power refers to a company's ability to influence the price of goods or services in the market. In a perfectly competitive market, both buyers and sellers have set prices, therefore businesses can set their prices without affecting the market price. In contrast, in less pure market structures such as oligopoly or monopoly, businesses can set prices and influence the market. When businesses with strong market power outperform new competitors, it constrains consumer purchasing power and allows businesses to set prices and improve product quality. In addition, technology plays an important role in production efficiency, as innovation can lower costs and create new products that meet consumer needs. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of market forces in pricing and technological advances and provide important implications for producers to determine the price of goods and services. This research uses a qualitative approach combined with a literature review approach to analyze data related to the main topic of research. The data comes from secondary literature, which includes books, scientific journals, and articles. The study found that high market concentration, where a few large firms dominate, often leads to less competition and increased market power for those firms. This can lead to higher prices, lower quality, and less innovation.

מאבק הפועלות בענפי הסלילה והבניין, 1940-1920 : השתייכות, התבדלות ובניית הכוח

In the 1920s and 1930s, women in the urban Yishuv fought for their inclusion in the paving and construction industries. This was one of the most prominent struggles of women, which pitted them against market forces, conservative attitudes, and the efforts to preserve male dominance that had pushed women to the margins. Their goal was to integrate within the centers of economic activity and social mobility. The successes and failures of this struggle, presented here for the first time, are a significant part of the history of the gender struggle narrative, the paving and construction industries in Israel, and urban labor during the Mandate period. An examination of the five main strategies in the struggle reveals two primary axes. The first operated according to the logic dictated by capitalist market principles, including several classic strategies used by minorities in the labor market. These were based on leveraging the advantages of social and economic inferiority, and efforts focused primarily on integration into the workforce and its governing institutions. The second operated according to the political logic of power-building and was based on an analysis of power structures within the Zionist labor movement, and the replication of separatist methods of operation. The women's labor movement as a whole and each individual female worker on her own navigated their way through the limited space between belonging to the general labor force and gender-based differentiation. In this article, I will show that the processes of integration into the labor movement actually solidified women's marginal status in the labor market, while differentiation processes strengthened their political standing and improved their conditions within it.

An integrated model to predict students’ online learning behavior in emerging economies: a hybrid SEM–ANN approach

PurposeThe online learning environment is a function of dynamic market forces constantly restructuring the e-learning landscape’s complete ecosystemcape. This study aims to propose an e-learning framework by integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to predict students’ Online Learning Readiness and Behaviour.Design/methodology/approachA structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 406 students through a survey. The data were analysed using two-stage structural equation modelling and artificial neural network (ANN).FindingsThe study’s results revealed that perceived ubiquity (PUB) positively influences perceived ease of use, usefulness and attitude. Similarly, perceived mobility significantly influences perceived ease of use and attitude. Furthermore, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and perceived usefulness significantly influence readiness to learn online, which further influences students’ online learning behaviour. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) values obtained from the ANN analysis indicate the models’ predictive solid accuracy.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the existing literature by proposing an Online Learning Behaviour Model by integrating the TAM and the TPB frameworks in association with two additional constructs, PUB and Perceived Mobility. Secondly, this study proposes a unique triangulation framework of recommendations for learners, educators and policymakers.

Actors, spatiotemporal changes, and (un)sustainable practices in community peatland management: A case study from West Kalimantan, Indonesia

This research explores the village community that manages large, degraded, abandoned, and ex‐logged peatlands in light of overlapping national development policy, global commodity market forces, and international conservation mandates. The transformation of peatland ownership from public to private owners has led to a predominant shift towards oil palm plantations, facilitated by village elites through partnerships, migration, and smallholder schemes. This conversion has resulted in extensive peatland degradation, drainage impacts, and frequent peat fires. In response, the local community has committed to reducing the use of fire for land clearance and water management. As an alternative, machinery is used to manage the peatland. However, employing excavators for land clearance and constructing peat water‐draining canals poses other threats, of peatland depletion, increased fire occurrences, degradation and compaction of peat. This study seeks to explore community‐level degraded peatland management dynamics by understanding (i) the actors’ conflicting intentions and continuous negotiation (between conservation, exploitation, and development), (ii) considering the impact of tenure insecurity and the power struggle surrounding further peatland exploitation, and (iii) the need for broader discussions about community peatland management beyond fires.

A Study of the Complexity of Markets and the Diversity of Economic Embodiments

This research investigates the social context of the variety of economic systems and the intricacy of markets. It looks at how markets and economic systems have developed and operated globally, taking into account historical, cultural, and social influences. The analysis and comprehension of the diversity of economic systems and the intricacy of markets are the main goals of this thesis. It investigates the functioning and interactions of various economic systems, including capitalism, socialism, and mixed economies, in various social contexts. The intricacies of markets and their influences on inequality, economic growth, and general social welfare are examined. The goal of this research is to offer a grasp of the composition and dynamics of economic systems and marketplaces. It outlines the main forces at work in them, such as supply and demand, market forces, and governmental involvement. This paper also studies how various economic systems affect social mobility, income distribution, and economic stability. This paper uses analytical data, analysis of literature, case studies and comparative analysis to analyze the various economic systems and their results. This paper finds that economic policies must be tailored to the specific needs of diverse and dynamic markets in order to support inclusive and sustainable growth.

Organizational Design and Public Outcomes Among New Universities in Developing Countries

ABSTRACT Many public higher education systems in countries in Asia and Africa have sought a new approach in response to their modern environments. Built in the 1950s following decolonization, they seek to overcome colonial regulations, norms, and practices to produce new public outcomes focused on communities and market forces. Drawing from in-depth case studies of seven new universities in India, we assess the role of organizational design and public value institutions in producing contemporary public outcomes. We conclude that organizational design factors—integrative leadership, disciplinary identity, regional embedded, entrepreneurial orientation, and development stage—offer opportunities to work with public value institutions and produce public outcomes in a developing country context.

The importance of research in transactional analysis. Mark Widdowson’s acceptance speech at the International Transactional Analysis Association (ITAA) Research Award

This article is the acceptance speech of Mark Widdowson for the ITAA Research Award, which was presented to him at the World TA Conference in Berlin in July 2017. Widdowson argues that research is essential to the wider acceptance of transactional analysis and that research will support the expansion of TA and will act as a powerful marketing force for TA-practitioners and training institutes. Therefore, it is in the interests of every member of the TA community to conduct research or actively support further TA research. Widdowson summarizes his research into the effectiveness of TA and presents a brief synopsis of current TA psychotherapy effectiveness research. The article also includes a summary of Mark Widdowson’s research findings regarding the distinctive features of effective TA-psychotherapy and effective TA-therapists. He concludes by expressing his gratitude and thanks to a number of people who have supported him on his research journey.

Market Forces in Prostate Cancer Care.

Market Forces in Prostate Cancer Care.

Transformative Islam and Peasant Independence: Experiences from an Indonesian Village

Indonesian peasants have been dependent on market forces and global phenomena since the establishment of the New Order (1966), and this has been detrimental to their welfare. However, this phenomenon has long been ignored by scholars, and thus the government has received little feedback regarding the creation of fairness and justice in agricultural management. This study, thus, seeks to empower farmers by transforming their traditional understanding of Islam into a transformative one. This study involved participatory action research, cycling twice through five strategies: imparting knowledge of transformative Islam, cultivating new understandings, developing strategic action plans, implementing these action plans, and reflecting/gathering feedback for further action. This study finds that peasant empowerment can be realized by transforming their religious understandings, and that the five strategies identified above can be employed fruitfully. At the same time, this study provides important feedback to the government and academics, offering a means of sustainably and systematically empowering farmers in Indonesia and around the world, thereby changing their fates and creating justice in agriculture.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AND OPERATING PERFORMANCE OF LISTED OIL COMPANIES: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY IN AN EMERGING ECONOMY

This research examines the correlation between the implementation of EMA and the operating performance of Nigerian oil companies on the stock exchange for the year 2014-2023. The study assesses the level of implementation of the EMA practices in these companies and analyses the changes in its financial and non-financial performance measures. This study employed longitudinal and ex-post facto research designs, secondary data were collected from the annual reports and financial statements of the listed oil companies in Nigeria. Data collected were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics, which include panel data regression analysis to measure the significance and direction of the relationship among these variables. We employed both fixed and random effects models to determine the relationship between EMA, LEV, SIZE, and performance indicators. The results show that, although awareness exists on the role of environmental management accounting for the Nigerian oil industry, there is still limited application and implementation in corporate strategies. Further, the results show that EMA does not exert immediate significant impact of financial performance of Nigerian firms, especially in sectors like oil where traditional operations are deeply embedded. The concluded that while EMA practices are essential for long-term sustainability, their immediate financial benefits may be limited, especially in the context of the Nigerian oil industry. As the Nigerian oil sector continues to evolve, future studies could explore the longer-term effects of EMA adoption and the changing role of market forces in driving sustainability efforts.

Navigating the Digital Landscape: The Role of Influencer Marketing in Boosting Sales

This research paper specifically tries to analyse the interconnectivity of digital marketing and influencer marketing, especially about sales. The author’s purpose is to identify the effective promotion tactics and engagement of the consumer using influencer marketing. The following secondary research method was used; a comprehensive search of already published sources was conducted and several case studies were used to gather data analysing the effectiveness of influencer marketing in changing consumer buying behaviour and sales results. Some studies show that the level of the message and the degree of campaign relevance to brand values affect the effectiveness of the campaign. Finally, the research finds a new driving force in influencer marketing, but at the same time, brands face many issues with evaluation and credibility to influence sales.