Food Security Programs Research Articles

STUDY OF THE STATE OF GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY

The article is devoted to the study of the state of the global food problem. Today, one of the most important and urgent global problems of humanity is food security, as the population of the world is growing rapidly, there is a threat that the existing natural resources are not enough to produce the amount of food that is necessary for the consumption of the population. Uneven development and irrational use of resources aggravate the food problem. In these conditions, it is urgent to strengthen the cooperation of countries to solve the global food problem. The threat of global food security makes the issue of increasing agricultural productivity more urgent than ever in countries that are currently the largest producers of agricultural products, including Ukraine. Despite the considerable amount of theoretical and analytical information on food security programs, insufficient attention has been paid to the causes and preconditions of the problem of hunger. In particular, the article presents the key concepts of global food security and examines the causes that aggravate the food crisis. The absence and lack of food security of the population is analyzed, changes in the prevalence of malnutrition that have occurred in recent years are considered, and the general scale of food security in the world is shown. The ranking of countries using the global food security index is also determined. As a result of the analysis of the reasons for the development of the global food problem, it was established that the food problem has reached global proportions today. There is an imbalance in food between countries of different levels of development. In countries with a low level of development and those that are developing, a situation of high depletion of food is observed. Many factors influenced this. Economic, environmental and climate crises have significantly increased the risk of worsening food security in the world and the likelihood of famine in certain regions. Russia's war against Ukraine, which is destroying its supply chain infrastructure and exacerbating food security problems, has contributed to increased attention to the issues under study. The research is aimed at determining the assessment of food security in the world and in Ukraine.

Impacts of the new coronavirus pandemic on human rights to adequate food and nutrition and food and nutritional security programs: what are the challenges and solutions?

Resumo Introdução A pandemia do novo coronavírus intensificou a violação do direito humano à alimentação e nutrição adequadas e elevou a insegurança alimentar e nutricional na população brasileira. Objetivo Analisar as estratégias das políticas e programas de segurança alimentar e nutricional adotadas pelo governo brasileiro durante a pandemia (ano de 2020) para promoção da segurança alimentar e nutricional e combate à insegurança alimentar e nutricional no país. Método Realizou-se busca nos sites oficiais para análise das ações propostas. Resultados Apesar de algumas proposições pontuais, como a distribuição do auxílio emergencial, estratégias mais enérgicas, como o fortalecimento do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos, encorajamento de pequenos agricultores, facilitação do transporte e da comercialização de alimentos e a garantia da continuidade de programas assistenciais que facilitem acesso à renda e à alimentação durante a pandemia, precisam ser urgentemente adotadas. Conclusão Essas estratégias requerem atuação das três esferas de governo em prol do combate dos impactos da pandemia do novo coronavírus nos índices de insegurança alimentar e nutricional no Brasil.

Respon Pemberian Asap Cair dan Zeolit Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Padi

Natural fertilizer is one of the alternatives to support environmentally friendly food security programs and is expected to increase rice crop production. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of liquid smoke and zeolite on the growth and yield of rice plants. The research was conducted in Pegalongan Village, Patikraja District, Banyumas Regency. The study has been carried out in April - July 2022. The study was studied using a Randomized Design Kelopok (RAK) factorial pattern consisting of two factors. The first factor consists of D0= control (no treatment), D1=10mL/L water per polybag, D2=20 mL/L water per polybag. While the second factor consists of Z0 = 0 kg/ha per polybag (without application), Z1 = 25 kg / ha, Z2 = 50 kg / ha. The results of liquid smoke on the growth variable had a marked-effect effect on the number of leaves at a dose of 20 mL of 20,21 clumps. Meanwhile, the variable observation of results has no real effect. The application of zeolite to plant growth had a significant effect on the observation of plant height and the number of saplings with a treatment of 50 kg / ha of 49,7 cm2 and 21,22 clumps. The application of zeolite has a noticeable effect on seed weight per plant and per effective with a treatment of 50 kg / ha of 7,16 g and 26,88 g.

PEMBERDAYAAN PETERNAK LEBAH TRIGONA PADA KELOMPOK USAHA A BEE HONEY DI GAMPONG ALUE AWE KECAMATAN MUARA DUA

As part of a pilot program, Trigona honey bees have been cultivated in Gampong Alue Awe, Muara Dua subdistrict, by the A Bee Honey group. Under certain conditions, the supply of honey does not satisfy the demand, despite the fact that the cultivation experience and revenue can be used as a source of income. The prices are relatively higher, and consumers have faith in the product's legitimacy and effectiveness. Moreover, unlike livestock farming, beekeeping does not require feed or labor. Gampong Alue Awe, still including woodland areas and community gardens, has the potential to be developed. In addition to a poorly understood sales process, the lack of understanding regarding the cultivation and economics of kelulut honey makes consumers less interested in it. Therefore, community service activities in the form of training are required to determine the function of kelulut honey cultivation in raising family income. According to the circumstance study, the community does not comprehend the advantages and potential of trigona bee cultivation. The purpose of the training is to educate the community about the potential of trigona bee culture as an alternative source of income. In Gampong Alue Awe, the requirement for additional breeders to meet honey stocks can become part of the government's food security policy. From August to November 2022, the group received assistance in the form of agriculture training, harvesting process care, mentoring, and colony support. To join the Bee Honey Breeders Club, you must be a member of the community. The group provides assistance and serves as a coach and incubator for the results of its members. Participants sell honey through the organization due to the fact that business and distribution licenses are already in place. As a result of the service, five family heads expressed interest in joining the program with the group and began raising trigona bees after receiving instruction. Gampong Alue Awe has cooperated with partners to incorporate this initiative into the Gampong budget as a food security program. The benefits of these activities offer a new source of revenue for the community, and the Tridharma of Higher Education seeks the formation of entrepreneurship in the community

Diversity of the medicinal plant in homegarden of local communities in the coastal area of Prigi Bay, Trenggalek, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Agustina N, Hutauruk TJW, Sulistyaningrum N, Yudhanto SM, Liza N, Kusumaningrum L, Sugiyarto, Yasa A, Saensouk S, Naim DMD, Setyawan AD. 2022. Diversity of the medicinal plant in homegarden of local communities in the coastal area of Prigi Bay, Trenggalek, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6302-6312. Homegarden is a part of the agroforestry system that is essential in a food security program. It also reflects the social and traditional practices in certain areas that define the composition of plants. One common plant that grows in a homegarden area is herbal medicine. The knowledge about medicinal plants in society is essential to ensure the sustainability of this local wisdom to be passed through the subsequent generations. This research aimed to examine the diversity of medicinal plants planted in homegarden in Tasikmadu, Prigi, and Karanggandu Villages, Watulimo Sub-district, East Java, Indonesia. The research used a field survey of plant inventory and a semi-structured interview to gather ethnobotanical information. A total of 60 respondents were obtained by purposive sampling, with residents with homegardens preferred to be interviewed. The discussion results showed that 32 families of 59 medicinal plant species found in the study areas are consumed for medicinal purposes. Zingiberaceae is referred to as the highest family consumed by the respondents. Leaves and rhizomes are the most commonly utilized part, while decoction is the most popular preparation method. This study revealed that people aged 46-55 have the highest knowledge of medicinal plants. At the same time, women are considered to know more about herbal medicine compared to men.

Unraveling the Channels of Food Security of the Households in Northern Kenya: Evidence from an Exclusive Dataset

BackgroundMost of the 10 million Kenyans lacking food security lived in the arid and semi-arid northern part of the country in a climatic condition of high temperatures and very little rainfall throughout the year. Frequent droughts had devastating effects on the livelihoods and food availability of the population. ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess the food security status of the households in Northern Kenya and examine the factors contributing to their food security. MethodsDe-identified secondary data were used from the 2015 Feed the Future household survey conducted in 9 counties of Northern Kenya. The experience-based indicator of food security was derived from the 6-item Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM), which categorized sample households into 3 groups: food secure, having low food security, and having very low food security. An ordered probit model and machine learning algorithm, namely ordered random forest, were used to find the most important determinants of food security. ResultsFindings suggest that the daily per capita food expenditure, level of education of the household head, and durable asset ownership are the key predictors of food security. Households living in rural areas were likely to have low food security, but their probability of being food secure increased with at least primary education and livestock ownership, thus reflecting the importance of education and livestock production among rural communities in Northern Kenya. Access to improved water and participation in food security programs were found to be more important for food security among rural households than they were for urban households. ConclusionsThese results implied that long-term policies on improving access to education, livestock ownership, and improved water may shape the food security status of rural households in Northern Kenya.

The Function of Mid-day Meal Scheme: A Critical Analysis of Existing Policies and Procedures in Rayagada District of Odisha (India)

The Government of India initiated the second-largest food security programme, named the mid-day meal (MDM) Scheme to tackle nutrition-related issues, especially for children in backward communities. The main aim of the MDM Scheme in government and government-aided schools is to improve physical and economic access to nutritious food for children. The study evaluates the challenges regarding the existing practices in implementing the MDM Scheme in two blocks of the Rayagada district (Odisha, India). Rayagada district is one of the tribal districts with a high malnutrition condition among children. Further, the two blocks have been selected based on the implementation of MDM on a unique project basis in a resource crunch area. The study shows that the MDM Scheme has challenges with critical implementation issues such as delays in delivery, low-quality food, lack of water facilities and unhygienic cooking and serving practices. The findings have implications for effective implementation of the programme in similar contexts.

Food Security in Bangladesh: Concerns and Remedies

Bangladesh is a densely populated nation where a significant proportion of people live below the poverty line. Yet it has garnered a great deal of international attention over the past decade due to its remarkable achievements in increasing agricultural productivity, achieving food self-sufficiency, and ensuring sustainable food security for its large population. The primary task for the government is to ensure food security. During the past decade, the government has launched free food distribution, food-friendly programs, open market sales, and test alleviation programs as part of its food security program. In addition, projects based on digital technology have been implemented to enhance the monitoring and data management capabilities of the Ministry of Food. As a result, food accessibility and usage have increased. But the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war have generated a food crisis due to a lack of food accessibility, stability, and proper utilization. This study seeks to identify and assess the threats to food security in Bangladesh by identifying the significant challenges and promising areas for future development.

Policy-oriented food insecurity estimation and mapping at district level in Pakistan

Purpose. Food insecurity maps reveal the spatial variability of relevant indicators in relevant units in geographically disaggregated levels. This study is based on a systematic analysis of the least studied areas related to food insecurity in Pakistan, such as district-level Small Area Estimation (SAE) analysis of food insecurity by integrating several well-established datasets, including PSLM 2014–2015 and HIES 2015–2016.
 Methodology / approach. We investigate the food insecurity situation at the district level in Pakistan by applying the household level technique of SAE method. The geographically disaggregated indicators of welfare are estimated by using SAE that integrates the census and survey datasets. This study estimates incidence and density indictors at the district level of food insecurity. The accessibility aspect of food security is taking into account by calculating monthly equivalent food expenditure per adult. In addition, the food insecurity headcount ratio is calculated to identify the food insecurity incidence at district level, and density are visualized using ‘spmap’ in STATA 14.
 Results. The results of this study indicate that the districts with low food insecurity incidence are dense in terms of food insecure people. The second least food insecure district, according to food insecurity incidence estimates, has become the most food insecure in terms of food insecurity density. However, the most food insecure district with respect to food insecurity incidence has been identified as one of the least food insecure districts in terms of food insecure people. For instance, Washuk district in Balochistan, has been identified as the most food insecure district with almost 93 % food insecurity incidence. However, Washuk has only 0.17 million food insecure people according to food insecurity density estimates.
 Originality / scientific novelty. The study highlighted the importance of food insecurity density estimates in addition to the food insecurity incidence for targeted policy interventions. In this study we have integrated a large and relatively smaller data set that covers most of the districts from all provinces of Pakistan for addressing the small sample issue which have been identified in previous studies. The variables that are common to both data sets are included after a screening process that include Variance Inflation Factor for multicollinearity, forward – backward selection criterion with model adjustment criterion either adjusted R2, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) or Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO).
 Practical value / implications. The results of the study indicate that the policy makers should consider both the density and incidence of food insecurity for targeted policy interventions. This is because several districts with low food insecurity incidence are found to be dense with food insecure people. Moreover, the obtained results can be complemented by the results of the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) which is based on relatively very small samples from few districts of three provinces. This can be useful in efficient implementation of food security policy and programs in targeted areas. Furthermore, the results highlight that the efforts reduce food insecurity should be targeted at district level in Pakistan.

Challenges Accelerate Family Food Security Program

Understanding food security in Indonesia still requires a common point of view. This is important because it will affect the parameters and indicators of the achievement of the program that is the target in the implementation of accelerating food security at the community level. One of the studies conducted in Bali showed that participation in the food security program received a very high response, namely from 35 respondents, 75% of respondents stated that the program was very important for the sustainability of food supply. Of all respondents who gave a positive response, it was influenced by age, number of families and ownership of arable land. From this study it is also proven that with the influence of the number of families and the area of land ownership on food security, then for the achievement of the food security program, the actual benchmark or indicator of achievement is family food security. This is very relevant to the concept of food security which is already understood by the community that with the existence of strong family food security, food security in a broader sense will be easier to achieve.

Challenges Accelerate Family Food Security Program

Challenges Accelerate Family Food Security Program

Community Empowerment through Religious Education and Islamic Social-Resilience

This research aims to examine the factors that contribute to the success of empowering Muslim communities in West Java Province's poorest neighborhoods through religious education, halal food security, and socio-religious resilience. Quantitative research techniques, specifically survey research, are employed here. A questionnaire was used to collect information from 185 people who were selected at random using a proportional sampling formula. Smart-PLS 3.0 was used to perform the statistical analysis. The study's findings suggest that the effectiveness of government and private-sector efforts to empower Muslim communities is impacted by the level of religious education given to the Muslim community, both in terms of broad-brush religious education and more specialized forms of education. A well-planned halal food security program has a higher chance of successfully empowering Muslims. A Muslim community's ability to empower itself is heavily influenced by the degree to which its members feel socially and religiously safe. Muslim community empowerment programs are carried out by the government, private institutions (NGOs and companies), and campuses; they are significantly influenced by religious education and life skills education, halal food security, and social-religion security.

Indonesian provincial clustering using Elbow method for the national food security during pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic had an impact on the joints of socio-economic life, especially in fulfilling the basic needs. It also caused the declining of global food security, especially in Indonesia. This study aims to develop regional mapping to determine food security priorities and to achieve equal distribution of food security throughout Indonesia. The research method used in this research is quantitative research with the Elbow method. The Elbow method is used to find the optimal cluster size. The data used are from the Food Security Agency of the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture and Central Statistics Agency in a range of 2020 to 2021. In the process to identify priority areas in Indonesia, it is necessary to have provincial clustering. It is also necessary to minimize food budget allocations that are not well-targeted, causing losses, and not achieving an equal distribution of food security programs. Looking from a more visionary perspective, the success of clustering provides an opportunity for the government to focus more on allocating budget, resources, and time according to the results of the clustering. Based on the results of the provincial clustering, two clusters were obtained, namely provinces with high food security (Cluster 1) and low food security (Cluster 2). Cluster 1 has lower constituent components than Cluster 2.

TEKNIK BUDIDAYA HIDROPONIK DENGAN SISTEM WICK

Counseling activities in hydroponic cultivation of the wick system are an effort to implement family food security programs, one of which is by utilizing existing yard land and can increase family income. The problem that exists until now in farmers and the community of Kaulon Village, Sutojayan District, Blitar Regency, is the lack of awareness in utilizing yard land, as the problem is the method that will be given, namely 1. providing counseling in the form of providing material with lectures on hydroponic cultivation and how to use yard land so that it can be used as additional income for exit 2. hands-on practice in manufacturing hydroponic wick systems. The results of the activity showed that the community and farmers had high enthusiasm in carrying out hydroponic cultivation of the wick system by utilizing yard land, as can be seen from the 30 invited participants who attended, 90% of participants actively asked questions and the discussion went well. In making hydroponics, participants were able to carry out activities well, ranging from material preparation, tool preparation, hydroponic making to planting vegetable crops.

44th ASM Message, DOST Secretary

On behalf of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), I would like to congratulate the National Academy of Science and Technology, Philippines (NAST PHL) for successfully organizing the 44th Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM) with the theme “PAGTANAW 2050: Agham Tungo sa Mabuting Kinabukasan (FORESIGHT 2050: Science for a Sustainable Future)”. At the dawn of the new administration, we look back at the achievements of the past and plan for concrete strategies on how to fulfill the new administration’s agenda on industrialization, energy program, climate change adaptation program, agricultural and food security program, and other economic development agenda through science, technology, and innovation. As part of our initiatives, we at DOST, together with NAST PHL, aim for the realization of these goals by harnessing the products of scientific inquiry and technological advancement that hopefully would translate to inclusive economic growth and development for the sustainable future of our country. NAST PHL has been committed to fulfilling its duties of recognizing excellence in science and technology, engaging in projects and programs designed to promote scientific productivity, establishing scientific linkages, providing scientific advice to the President, the Cabinet, the Senate, and the House of Representatives, and promoting a strong science culture in Philippine society. These efforts are always appreciated with gratitude. We commend NAST PHL for connecting with the regional offices as well as our hardworking scientists for their noteworthy concerns through their scientific research and endeavors. It is our hope that through our combined efforts, we can create a better future through our service and dedication, and that our people will feel the benefits of science and technology and the sincerity of the government for our country and the Filipino people. Mabuhay tayong lahat!

Building a food sovereign society through indigenous forest establishment policy

The development of multicomplex food sovereignty necessitates a multisectoral approach, which requires cross-sectoral coordination on the part of the government as the policymaker in the food sector in order to build effective food security at the national level in Indonesia. The goal of this research is to encourage the Indonesian government to build a local food system through empowering local farmers especially indigenous peoples after the establishment of customary forests. The research is doctrinal legal research with a statutory approach using the hermeneutic interpretation method. The results showed that the participation of regional food agencies remains minimal in reality. This institutional crisis within the government’s food sovereignty agencies, coupled with a lack of political commitment and political will, has implications for the failure of food security programs in Indonesia. In order to achieve food sovereignty in Indonesia, Constitutional Court Decision No. 25/PUU-X/2012 becomes the primary basis for strengthening the rights of indigenous communities over indigenous forest ownership. Food sovereignty can only be reached by mastering green technology that fits the needs of indigenous peoples and is based on their traditional ways of doing things so that a follow-up policy that favors indigenous peoples is needed.

Hydroponic Training as an Effort to Improve Food Security, Community Economy, and Environmental Quality in the City of Surakarta

Currently, cases of hunger and malnutrition as indicators of food insecurity are common in developing countries. Based on the problems that occurred, a collaborative activity was carried out between the Environmental Engineering Study Program at Surakarta Christian University and PT. Bandungan Hydroponic Agrofarm (PT.HAB), and the Waluyo Panti Hospital Surakarta. The implementation of this Cooperation activity is carried out in 3 stages, namely: the preparation stage which includes selecting a topic, the stage for searching for activity participants and the stage for implementing activities in the form of training. One of the efforts that can be made to support the food security program, as well as improve the community's economy and the quality of the environment, especially the air in Surakarta City and other cities in Indonesia is by implementing a hydroponic farming system.

Improving Food Security for Vulnerable Communities

The food crisis of 2007-2008 and the renewed surge in food prices in 2010-2011 have exposed deep structural problems in the global food system and the need to increase food production. The World Food Summit of 1996 defined food security as existing "when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life". Despite Nepal has no worse food and nutrition security situation among SAARC countries, there are some districts where food is always in shortage. Also some ethnic groups who are bit away from this type of food security system gaining. Some activities are also done by some organizations to them but in few needed term only. The explicit constitutional recognition of the right to food and other related provisions in articles 36 and 42 of the new constitution will be instrumental for implementing food security programs in the country. The food security for the poor people is based on sustainable food production. Many proven technologies and improved practices have promise to boost agricultural production and ensure food security in developing countries like Nepal. Food and Nutrition security program (FANUSEP) is one of the flagship programs of Agriculture Development Strategy 2015-2035 (ADS), which is at the first phase of its implementation. It aims at improving food and nutrition security of the most vulnerable groups of the population

Seasonality and predictors of childhood stunting and wasting in drought-prone areas in Ethiopia: a cohort study

Background and objectivesOver centuries, Ethiopia has experienced severe famines and periods of serious drought, and malnutrition remains a major public health problem. The aims of this study were to estimate...

Effectiveness of Agricultural Insurance Program as A Sustainable Agricultural Development Effort

In an effort to develop agriculture, especially as a protection for farmers against crop failure, the provincial government of Bali through the National Food Security program has established Badung Regency as a pilot project for implementing agricultural insurance through the Jasindo Insurance Company. This concept is applied as a guarantee for farmers in terms of price fluctuations of agricultural products that tend to decline, thus triggering the reduction of agricultural terrain that increases each year in Bali Province. This study goals to analyse the level of effectiveness of the agricultural insurance program and to analyze the factors that affect the level of effectiveness of the insurance program as an attempt to develop sustainable agriculture in Bongkasa Village, Abiansemal Region, Badung Regency. The method of analysis in this research is done quantitatively, namely this study uses two analyzes, namely descriptive analysis which is used to analyze the level of effectiveness of agricultural insurance programs and Confirmatory Factor Analysis which is used to confirm latent variables and indicators. The results of the analysis show that the level of effectiveness of the agricultural insurance program is 81.75 percent with effective criteria. The variable that has a dominant affect on the performance of the insurance program as an effort to develop sustainable agriculture is the process variable which is then followed by the output variable and the input variable.